...health leaders foster a culture of ethics, morality and social responsibility? Ethics is the adherence to a set of values that an organization establishes. This process services as an instrument for facilities to address ethical issues regarding management and relationship decisions. It is the leader’s responsibility to drive the culture of the organization. Leader’s personal values and standards will drive the goals, policies and practices of an organization. Leaders must has a set of personal values that reflect the mission of the organization. How they set the example in responding morally to challenges within the organization will establish values and therefore norms and social relationships. Their views backed by actions will foster a culture of ethics, sense of social responsibility and morality for others to follow. Is morality a legal issue or leader issue? Morality is both a legal issue and leader issue. I asked one of my young six year old neighbors to tell me what it means to be moral. Her response was “do what is right.” This sounds very simple in concept. However, in legal context, it is not so much “black and white.” There are several examples of moral dilemmas relevant to the health care setting. End-of-life issues have been the topic of debate over countless years. Other more current examples involve the balance of service quality at the expense of business productivity and sustainability. Morality therefore becomes subjective, which is why...
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...about by decision making that lead to scandals and eventually to ruins. This multi-billion dollar company disobeyed the rules of business ethics and would later pay which brought about their collapse by ethical failure. To avoid future failures towards business and personal tragedies we must understand that ethics failures equal business failures. The fall of Enron in an ethical standpoint affected stockholders, workers, families and about one billion in stock value for stockholders. Business ethics is basically concerned more towards how business institutions ought to be structured. Furthermore business ethics evaluate business institutions from a social perspective rather than an individual stand point. An ethical decision is one that is both legal and meets the shared ethical standards of the community. Ethics In a business aspect, ethics is very important in order for a business to run its course in a professional fashion. Ethics gives the business moral principles that govern the right and wrong of human conduct. These principles set the line set for right and wrong accepted by individuals or social groups. Another aspect of ethics is a code of moral principles that guide the action of people and groups. Leads to say that ethical behavior is doing what is morally right. A fundamental question of ethics that is widely asked would be, “How should we live”? This can be interpreted in two ways. Either “we” can signify each one of us individually...
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...W. EDWARDS, PhD LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR – BUS 520 10/22/11 Ethics are generally formed from culture, behaviors, backgrounds, religions, and policies. Ethical behaviors are generally derived from experience and common sense. It is been argued that Ethics are not considered as benchmarks, however, groups of individuals constitute the power of firms and bad ethics will be driven out by the majority of opinion. Obviously issues that have ethical overtones are presented to everyone, and they make decisions on those issues. Are those ethical decisions? We try to imagine that only the 'right' choice is an ethical decision. But often all options may appear to be somewhat ethical. An ethical decision then is made when one fairly assesses the outcome on all those involved, even those barely involved. Considerations like legality and morality may have to be taken into account, but ethics is not about laws or morality if laws and morality harm rather than help. An ethical decision may ignore national boundaries and seek to help people on either side of them equally. This may not be legal, even though it is moral. An ethical decision might be to allow a polygamous family, for example, to go on living together in love and peace even though by most standards of morality and law this may be illegal and immoral because the ethical person will look at the good or harm that will come to the people involved. An ethical person might foresee problems in society that might...
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...Case 1: The Fraud Continues July 17, 2011 Abstract Focusing on the internal control weaknesses that existed at MCI, which contributed to the commission of Walt Pavlo’s famous multi-million dollar fraud. Discussing the approach that should have been taken if fraud was suspected and applying one theory related to crime causation of this case. As well as critiquing the ethical behavior of Pavlo and MCI – discussing what actions could have been taken to prevent the crime. 1. Discuss the internal control weaknesses that existed at MCI that contributed to the commission of this fraud. When we listen to Pavlo and outside sources, like ethics professor Stephen Henn in his book “Business Ethics,” we hear of employees concealing bad debt in Pavlo’s department. It seems that “unethical decisions were commonplace” (Henn 2009). We see an upper management that, when notified of large amounts of bad debt, completely denied any problem. Pavlo states, “I sent a memo to senior staff telling them that we had about $180 million of bad debt…. and asking how we were going to address it…The response was that the bad debt budget…was going to remain at $15 million and that we would just have to work through whatever issues we had.” (Jacka 2004) An ‘Internal Auditor” article from 2004 goes on to report that in one account “a customer who owed MCI US $100 million was allowed to sign a promissory note, which turned the receivable into a short-term asset.” These examples are perhaps the most...
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...For the modern business ethics are a priori questions of corporate social responsibility. Opinion that the financial well-being of the least compels her to ethical behavior, is fundamentally wrong, the very life and business practice postulated the following statement: "Good ethics is good business." Otherwise, a negative reaction on the part of customers and partners will inevitably lead to a significant reduction in the profitability of the company, and widely disseminated by the media unsavory reputation will lead to a lack of any credibility. Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman wrote that "the true role of business! "PICs in its use of energy and resources in activities designed to increase profits, provided that it adheres to the rules of the game ... participate in an open competition, without resorting to fraud and deception." Ethics imposes restrictions on the business system, being the moral rules and practices of a given society. Business Ethics - Business ethics based on honesty, openness, fidelity to one's word, the ability to function effectively in the market s compliance with applicable laws, rules and established traditsiyami.22 Experience confirms the importance of international business to business ethics in shaping the success of the company. So, dishonest behavior of the firm Coca-Cola, cases of bribery of competitors as compensation in lawsuits with them cost the company market share, given away Pepsico, as the latter had evidence information about the...
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...1. Should Chiquita have agreed to make the payments to the terrorist group to protect its employees? What ethical principles support your opinion. A. Chiquita was asked to make the payements to the terrorist group in 1995 when it was unaware of the actions of the paramaillitary group. It was only human for Chiquita to first think of its employees and protect them. However Chiquita failed to look at the bigger and failed to estimate what the terrorist organization actually did with the money. I believe it was ethically wrong for Chiquita to have involved in this activity, not disclosing it to the US government and also hiding it in its accounting. The best thing to do would have been to withdraw from these markets inspite of its good intensions. 2. Is there anything that Chiquita could have done to protect its employees adequately without paying the terrorists? A. Chiquita should have contacted the US Department of justice earlier and asked for help stating its good intensions to continue its business and also protect its employees. If sufficient help wasn’t available from the government it should have withdrawn from the market. 3. Using the four methods of ethical reasoning see figure 4.6 was it ethical or not for Chiquita to pay the terrorist organization? A. People in business can analyze ethics dilemmas by using four major types of ethics reasoning virtues ethics, utilitarian reasoning, rights reasoning and justice reasoning. The values and character...
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...What’s the Difference?: An Exploration Into the Different Aspects of Ethical and Unethical Leadership Richard Borashan Randall Carter Jr. Ting-Jung Hsu Ya-Hui Hu University of La Verne October 12, 2011 Table of Contents * Abstract * Introduction * What is the moral responsibility of a leader * Why is the moral responsibility of a leader important * Principals of ethical leadership * Five ethical behaviors * The impact of unethical leadership in organizations * Examples of unethical leadership * Conclusion * References Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand the principals and the differences between ethical and unethical leadership. The research area includes areas of the characteristics of ethical and unethical leaders, how they operate, what places them in either category, and how the theories translate into the real world. Some examples of questions raised are as follows: What it means to be ethical and unethical, how can one distinguish between the two, and do people like this exist in the real world. Based on the research and the answers a guideline is set to define the difference between the two types of leaders. Introduction There is no question that many companies have prompted to carry out the ethics issues, and they are also making a set of the organizational cultures. In the mean time, some companies, which have further view, are also providing ethics training to managers. Nowadays, business...
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...Midterm Exam – Summer 2011 Chapter 01 Ethical Reasoning Implications for Accounting Multiple Choice Questions 1. Each of the following characteristics describes the importance of integrity in decision making except for: A. Acting out of moral principle B. Being loyal to one's superior C. Having the courage to do the right thing D. Not subordinating professional judgment to others 2. The ancient Greeks thought of the virtues as characteristics of behavior that: A. Could lead to a good life B. Make up the "six pillars of character" C. Support the rights theory D. All of the above 3. Ethical relativism can best be described as a: A. Point of view that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture. B. Concept that holds that integrity should be maintained in the face of pressure by others. C. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always act out of self-interest. D. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always consider the effect of one's actions on others. 4. When is it appropriate to contact the audit committee about a difference of opinion with the CFO over an accounting or financial reporting manner? A. If the CFO does not agree to correct the financial statements B. The CEO supports the CFO and does not agree to correct the financial statements C. The external auditors support the CEO and do not agree to correct the financial statements D. The audit committee should always be the first to be informed about...
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... 31 Hetal Vaghora 32 (MBA 1st shift Academic Year 2010-11) Ethics in organization Introduction to ethics Ethics is not a recent discovery. Over the centuries philosophers their struggle with human behavior have developed different approaches ethics, each leading to different conclusions. The word “ethics” which are coined from the Latin word ‘ethics’ and greek word ‘ethikos’ pertains to character. Ethics is thus said to be the science of conduct and morals. Meaning Ethics is the branch of philosophy which is the systematic study of selective choice, of the standards of right and wrong and by which it may be ultimately be directed. Objectives of ethics 1. The very basic objective is to define the greatest good of man and establish a standard for the same. 2. Set moral standards or norms of behavior. 3. An overall study of human behavior: what is moral or immoral should be assessed. 4. Apply judgment upon human behavior based on these standards and norms. 5. Opinion about human conduct is...
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...Chapter 1 ETHICS & BUSINESS ETHICS AN INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS Ethics is not a recent discovery. Over the centuries philosophers in their struggle with human behavior have developed different approaches to ethics, each leading to different conclusion. The word “Ethics” which is coined from the Latin word ‘Ethics’ and Greek word ‘ethikos’ pertains to character. Ethics is thus said to be the science of conduct. As a matter of fact it deals with certain standard of human conduct and morals. The field of ethics involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Ethics is a mass of moral principles or set of values about what is right or wrong, true or false, fair or unfair, proper or improper, what is right is ethical and what is wrong is unethical. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF ETHICS Peter F. Drucker writes- “There is only one ethics, one set of rules of morality, one code that of individual behavior in which the same rules apply to everyone alike.” Philip Wheel Wright says- “Ethics is the branch of philosophy which is the systematic study of selective choice, of the standards of right and wrong and by which it may ultimately be directed.” Swami Vivekananda has set the tone for ethics. He says- “Supreme oneness is the rationale of all ethics and morality. Ethics cannot be derived from the mere sanction to any personage. Some eternal principle of truth has the sanction of ethics. Where is the eternal sanction to be found except...
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...Professor Jones Chapter 01 Ethical Reasoning Implications for Accounting Multiple Choice Questions 1. Each of the following characteristics describes the importance of integrity in decision making except for: A. Acting out of moral principle B. Being loyal to one's superior C. Having the courage to do the right thing D. Not subordinating professional judgment to others 2. Ethical relativism can best be described as a: A. Point of view that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture. B. Concept that holds that integrity should be maintained in the face of pressure by others. C. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always act out of self-interest. D. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always consider the effect of one's actions on others. 3. When is it appropriate to contact the audit committee about a difference of opinion with the CFO over an accounting or financial reporting manner? A. If the CFO does not agree to correct the financial statements B. The CEO supports the CFO and does not agree to correct the financial statements C. The external auditors support the CEO and do not agree to correct the financial statements D. The audit committee should always be the first to be informed about such a difference of opinion 4. An internal accountant should always take the following step after exhausting all avenues of appeal within the organization when there is a difference of opinion with top management on an accounting...
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...Unethical Behavior and its Costs 4 August 2013 Unethical Behavior and its Cost 1 The Fall of Dennis Kozlowski Many leaders work hard and strive diligently to lead companies to success and wealth in an ethical manner. In doing so, the reputation of the company is enhanced as are the benefits to the shareholders and the public. That notwithstanding, some leaders have been identified with exhibiting poor judgement and gross unethical behavior (Stephens, Vance, Pettegrew, 2012). The underlying reasons for these failures on the part of individual leaders can be traced back to a lack of moral and ethical standards. The downfall of former Tyco International CEO, Dennis Kozlowski, is just one of many examples. Background Kozlowski reputedly came from a middle-class background. His parents were public service employees and sent their son to Seton Hall University, a Catholic school. Kozlowski graduated from Seton Hall University in 1968 and gained employment in auditing. Later, in 1975, Kozlowski gained a position with Tyco and had a phenomenal rise in the company. In 1989, his was promoted to President and Chief Operating Officer and three years later, he was promoted to Chief Executive Officer, only 17 years after joining Tyco. Somewhere along the way, the good Catholic education and standards provided by his second-generation Polish-American parents went astray (biography). Undoubtedly Kozlowski excelled in his executive position raising Tyco's mergers...
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...“IF ONLY THEY HAD LISTEN” Marketing Management 521 Hitesh Kapadia Ethics- Ethic is a science of morality. It tells us about what is good or bad and what is right or wrong? The value System of good or bad and right or wrong is the base for smooth and satisfactory functioning of the society. Ethics are standard of conduct. To act in an ethical way is to confirm to accepted standards or moral behavior. It is true that all people like to behave ethically but when person have to make difficult choice between person interest and social interest the problem of ethics becomes dominant. Marketing Managers have to face challenges of balancing the best interest of the consumers, organization and society and has to distinguish between what is ethical and what is unethical and act accordingly Your text here Your text here Your text here Your text here A company’s Managers play an important role in establishing its ethical tone. If Managers behave as if the only thing that matter is profit, employees are likely to act in a like manner. A company’s leaders are responsible for setting standards for what is and is not acceptable employee behavior. Managers to play an active role in creating a working environment where employee are encouraged and rewarded for acting in an ethical manner. Marketing Ethic Is an Area that deals with the moral Principles behind marketing. Ethics in Marketing applies to different spheres such as in product, pricing, placing...
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...Health South: The Scrushy Way It is a cliché that “crime does not pay.” Seemingly when one has the charisma to lead a multi-billion dollar corporation, and power to affect the well-being of thousands, perhaps crime does pay – in the short term. It’s easy to rationalize that what one does is not a crime “if it hurts no one,” or if one is doing amazing amounts of charity work. Richard M. Scrushy is a case in point – he seemed to have it all, the all-American success story, yet dishonesty, and unethical practices, when engaged in hurt everyone – for a long time. As this author has explored through this Business Ethics class, unethical behavior looks only at the short-term, what can one get now? The Carpenter taught, regarding those who did not follow wisdom, that they were “like unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand: and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it” (Matthew 7:26-27, King James Version). The character of the individual who cheats, or takes advantage of others, gets bent out of shape and distorted, until it is no longer strong enough to provide a sure foundation, and without that they fall and they hurt themselves and those around them. Impact on Stakeholders In the house that Scrushy built, this author identifies several stakeholders impacted by the dishonesty, including: Richard Scrushy, his management team, his board of directors, his employees, the patients...
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...The Ethics of Abusive Behavior in Leadership When determining the ethical, or unethical, stance of a situation, one must understand what ethics refers to and that each person has his or her own value system. Ethics is the analyzation of the morality, or beliefs, of a person, group, society, culture, etc. The standards by which a person formulates morals can be by a variety of circumstances and acquaintances in life, generally beginning in adolescent years when a child learns the difference between right and wrong. Adults face situations every day where ethics are involved, especially those in leadership positions. As history has shown, the line dividing right and wrong is obscure for some leaders who display abusive behaviors. Through the course of this paper, the ethics of abusive behavior in a variety of leadership positions will be critiqued as well as history of abusive behaviors in leadership and warning signs for preventative measures. Abusive Behavior...
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