...pencil,2cofee filters,scissors,metric ruler, salt,2glasses,2mini binder clips, and 2straws.we are testing if the color in skittles and m and m s are darker or not. Question: How are the green colors in m and m s and skittles different? Hypothesis: I am trying to find out if the green color in skittles and m and m s are different or not. Introduction: Candy chromatography is how far a color travels .I’m going to make filter paper strips cut out rectangles make tiny pencil dots ,start removing the candies dyes drop 2 separate drops of water on a piece of foil. Materials * 2 green Skittles * 2 green M&M’s * Aluminum foil * Water * Dropper * Toothpicks * Pencil (not a pen!) * At least 2 coffee filters * Scissors * Metric ruler * Salt * 2 tall clear glasses or jars. * 2 mini binder clips (if you don’t have binder clips around, you can use tape) * 2 straws or skewers (or two more pencils if you are using tape) Procedure: 1. Make your filter paper strips from the filter paper. Measure two rectangles that are 6 cm by 8 cm. 2. Carefully cut out the rectangles. The edges should be as straight as possible. 3. Using the pencil, write M&M’s on one strip and Skittles on the other strip. 4. On the bottom side of strip, use a ruler to find the point 1 cm from the bottom of the paper. Make tiny pencil...
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...Breaking up is hard to do – Separating Sand & Salt Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to separate a mixture of sand and salt. Materials: * Small beaker * Electric balance * Sand * Salt * Water * Graduated cylinder * Stirring rod * Filter paper * Flask * Rubber policeman * Wash bottle * Funnel * Bunsen burner complete with rubber tubing and a source of gas * Hot hands * Insulator pad * Ring stand complete with a ring * Wire gauze * Striker Pre-lab Questions: 1. Water will be useful in separating the salt and sand because salt is soluble in water, which allows it to dissolve into a homogenous mixture, allowing for filtering of the sand. 2. Properties of sand and salt that will help separate them are that salt is water soluble, and the sand is insoluble in water. 3. The three things that could go wrong in this experiment are: * During the evaporation of water while using the Bunsen burner, the flask might crack or explode – this can be avoided by not heating the flask over a prolonged period of time, and not heating it too intensely. * Some of the sand may be lost during the filtration – this can be avoided by carefully filtering the mixture, and making sure that all of the sand has been washed off from the beaker, and the rubber policeman. * Some of the salt may be lost if the salt doesn’t dissolve completely or if some of the salt water is spilled – this can be...
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...How can Extraction Be Used to Isolate a Natural Product from Nutmeg? Due Date: September 26, 2013 Date Submitted: September 26, 2013 Purpose of the Experiment: We want isolate trimyristin which is a natural product found in nutmeg by using extraction techniques. Reaction Equations: Calculations: (Percent Recovery of Trimyristin) Results: - Recovered trimyrisitn which appeared to be a light orange color. Very brittle when touched. (Trimyristin is an ester formed from glycerol and myristic acid.) - Started with 8 grams of nutmeg but only about 20 percent was actual trimyristin. The rest is made of many different ingredients. -Actual start of trimyristin in the Nutmeg was 1.6 grams and we extracted .320 grams of the Trimyristin. -As a result, the percent Recovery of trimyristin from nutmeg was 20 percent. -Melting Point was 52.3 degrees Celsius of the substance we isolated (trimyristin) -When measuring the melting point of the trimyristin we took three temperatures and averaged them (51.3 degrees Celsius, 52.2 degrees Celsius, 53.4 degrees Celsius) Discussion: a.) Questions: 1. After recovering our sample of trimyristin, we tested to see what the melting point of our product would be. According to chem-info.com, the melting point for trimyristin is between 56 and 57 degrees Celsius. However, our product melted at a temperature of about 52.3 degrees Celsius, which is five degrees lower than the expected melting point of trimyristin. One...
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...Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to learn how to connect calculations with real life examples. Doing this lab while doing the calculations for the molarity and molar masses, made it more challenging, however it did help in seating the knowledge and connecting it to the course. Procedure: To start, the dry Calcium Chloride Dihydrate, was weighed out and mixed with a small amount of distilled water. After that step the molarity of the CaCl2 was determined and logged in the data sheet. Similar steps were followed in terms of measuring dry material, weighing it, and then mixing it with distilled water. This will be necessary in order to observe the reaction and calculate more. Then the water was now filtered in the paper filter, this filter would later be dried in the sunlight and weighed to measure the mass of the product. After the filtering was complete, the percent yield could be calculated, as well as the actual mass of the precipitate. Data: |Initial: CaCl2*2H20 (g) |1.0 g | |Initial: CaCl2*2H20 (moles) |.0068 | |Initial: CaCl2 (moles) |.0068 | |Initial: NaCO3 (moles) |.0012 ...
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...We choose ten pill bugs put five in the dry petri dish and the other five in the moist. One of the dishes we put a white and dry filter paper and then added five pill bugs in it, in the second one we put the other five pill bugs and a wet filter paper. We expected the pill bug in the dry environment to have more kinesis than the one in the moist environment. We performed 4 test on each and also timed 5 minutes each time we put them in a dark environment. We used the same pill bugs for all the experiment in order not to alter the results. For this experiment, we were trying to observe how this pill bug would behave when put in different types of environment. The pill bugs were the controlled variable, the dry environment was the control group, the experimental group was the moist environment,and our dependent variable was their...
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...procedure follows that of Keeney and Nelson (1982) for determining nitrate nitrogen with a modification in which 25 mL of KCl and 5.0 g of soil are used instead of 100 mL and 10 g soil. Extending the shaking period to thirty minutes with 2.0 M KCl (Bremner and Keeney, 1965) permits the simultaneous extraction of ammonium and nitrate. Care must be taken to avoid contamination from filter paper and operator handling. Since cadmium is a hazardous material, follow manufacturer’s recommendations to properly handle this material. Soil NO3-N is available to plant uptake, therefore, it can be credited when determining crop nitrogen needs. The method detection limit is approximately 0.5 mg kg-1 (on a dry soil basis) and is generally reproducible ± 6%. Equipment 1. Analytical balance, 100.0 g capacity, resolution ± 0.01 g 2. Repipette dispenser, calibrated to 25.0 ± 0.2 mL 3. Reciprocating horizontal mechanical shaker, capable of 180 oscillations per minute (opm) 4. Extraction vessels and associated filtration vessel 5. Whatman No. 42 or equivalent highly retentive filter paper 6. Spectrophotometer, autoanalyzer, or flow injection analyzer (FIA) instrument Reagents 1. Deionized water, ASTM Type I grade 2. Potassium chloride extracting...
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...water to the salt mixture. We then stirred the combined mixture for about 2-3 minutes and then let it sit so that the precipitate would settle. After it settled, we covered the beaker with a watch glass and warmed it up on a hot plate at 75C for about 15 minutes, periodically stirring the solution. After 15 minutes, we removed the beaker from the heat and allowed the precipitate to settle again. While we waited for the precipitate to settle, we prepared wash water by heating up about 30 ml of deionized water at 70-80C. We then placed filter paper in a filter funnel to set up gravity for filtering. On the side, we took some of the solution’s supernatant and half-filled two test tubes using a pipet. Thereafter, we took the rest of the solution started filtering it with the use of a rubber policeman. IF necessary, we were to use the wash water to wash away any precipitate into the flter. After the filtering was completed, we were to remove the filter, with the precipitate on top of it, and store it away so that it was able to air-dry until the next lab class. We took two trials of this. Meanwhile, we came back to the two test tubes we...
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...• Balance • Watch glass • Oven • Filter paper • Suction filtration apparatus • Spill mixture, 10g • Ring stand and clamp • Hot plate • 600ml beaker • 400 ml beaker • Buchner funnel • Side arm flask • DI water • Stirring rod • 250 ml beaker • Erlernmeyer flask • Isopropyl alchohol • Funnel Safety: Benzoic Acid: hazardous in case of ski contact Copper Sulfate: Irritant to eyes and skin Calcium Carbonate: do not consume, avoid eye contact Sand: do not consume Isopropyl alcohol: Irritant to skin and eyes Wear apron and goggles to lab. The step-by-step procedures of the scenario lab as followed: 1) Measure out 5 g of the mixture 2) Add 50 mL DI water to mixture in 250 mL beaker 3) Weigh filter paper and watch glass. 4) Place filter paper in a Buchner funnel and wet it with deionized water. 5) Filter the mixture slowly until all the mixture has been added. 6) Break the suction and remove the filter paper with the residue. 7) Place the filter paper in the watch glass and into the oven for 15-30 minutes. 8) Afterwards, take out the watch glass and filter paper, and allow it to cool. 9) Add the residue to the beaker with alcohol and stir it for 5 minutes. 10) Use gravity filtration to separate the sand and alcohol, leaving only the CaCO3 in the alcohol 11) Move the solution from the side arm flask to a 250ml beaker. 12) Place the beaker on a hot plate; gently heat and observe changes. 13) Weigh the filter paper and watch glass. 14) Use gravity filtration...
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...of precipitate and calculate the percent yield. Materials: Balance 0.70 M sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3(aq) Graduated cylinder 0.50 M calcium chloride solution, CaCl2(aq) Beaker (250 mL) Wash Bottle (distilled H2O) Filter paper Funnel Iron ring Ring stand Procedure: Part I: The Precipitation Reaction (Day 1) 1. Obtain two clean, dry 25 mL graduated cylinders and one 250 mL beaker. 2. In one of the graduated cylinders, measure 25 mL of the Na2CO3 solution. In the other graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of the CaCl2 solution. Record these volumes in your data table. 3. Pour the contents of both graduated cylinders into the 250 mL beaker and observe the results. Record these qualitative observations in your observations table. Allow the contents of the beaker to sit undisturbed for approximately 5 minutes to see what happens to the suspended solid particles. Meanwhile, proceed to step 4. 4. Obtain a piece of filter paper and put your initials and your partner’s initials on it using a pencil. Measure and record the mass of the filter paper, then use it to set up a filtering apparatus. 5. Gently swirl the beaker and its contents to suspend the precipitate in the solution, then pour it carefully and slowly into the filter funnel. It takes time to complete the filtering process so plan to do it in stages. Use the wash bottle to rinse the remaining precipitate form the beaker into the funnel. 6. Use the wash bottle one last time to...
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...GEO101L Earth Science Module 3 Lab: Soil Porosity and Permeability Soils are made up of particles of rock, along with the spaces between those particles. Physical characteristics of soil particles, such as size and shape, can influence how water moves through them. Aquifers are underground layers of rock that are capable of storing water. An aquifer is recharged when water filters through the soil levels above it. In this lab you will investigate the characteristics of known and unknown soil samples. The Lab Kit includes gravel, sand, and top soil samples, and you are to get a local sample from the soil at your home or a potted plant in your house. This lab will look at the porosity and permeability of these soil samples. Porosity is the basic measure of how much of its volume is open space. We will express porosity as the percentage of pore space in a material’s total volume. This lab will also look at permeability of these soil samples. Permeability is a measurement of how easily liquids flow through soil samples. We will calculate each sample’s drainage rate as well as percentage of water retention. Experiment 1: Methods to Measure Soil Porosity 1. Pour 100 mL of water into your 250ml plastic beaker and draw a line to indicate the water level in the beaker. Write 100 mL in the total volume column on your data sheet. Save this water since you can use it again. 2. Fill the 250ml plastic beaker with the first soil sample up to the line you drew (100ml)...
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...(Bentonite), weighting agents (Barite, and salt on the filtration properties of these muds. Clear knowledge of the filtration properties of drilling fluids is of great importance to the drilling engineer as excessive filtration can cause both damage to the formation both from fine particles and from water infiltration. There are many negative effects of excessive filtration, including the loss of expensive drilling fluid, damage to the formation, and stuck pipe caused by large amounts of filter cake. In this experiment, using mud cakes were formed from mud samples of varying composition using a filter press. These results were then analyzed in fluid loss vs. square root of time curves in order to determine spurt and API filtration loss. The thicknesses of the filter cakes were also determined. It was determined that spurt loss tended to increases with both bentonite and barite concentration. API filtrate loss tended to increase with Bentonite concentration and decrease with Barite concentration. Filter cake thickness also tended to show a direct relationship...
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...Alka-Seltzer tablets are little flat circles that, when placed in water, fizz. These tablets are used for relief of headaches, pain, heartburn, indigestion, and many more. The tablets fizz in water because the sodium bicarbonate and citric acid in the tablets are reacting and producing carbon dioxide bubbles. In our lab we tested the affect of different temperatures and acidity levels of water on the speed of the reaction of the Alka-Seltzer tablet. My hypothesis for the lab on how different temperatures or amounts of acid affect the reaction time of Alka-Seltzer tablets was, "If Alka-Seltzer reaction is related to temperature or acidity of water, then the warmer the water the faster the reaction." I support this hypothesis because when looking...
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...Bryan Lee AP Chemistry Ms. Chubbuck 08/10/2015 Laboratory Apparatuses and Procedures 1. How to fold filter paper and how to filter a solid from a solution Fold the filter paper into halves twice and then open the paper into a cone shape by popping a side outward. Place the filter paper in a funnel that should be supported by a ring stand. Make sure you have a beaker under the funnel to contain the mixtures that will pass through the filter paper. To make sure the filter paper fits in well, add some water by using the wash bottle on the filter paper to allow sticking and lying flat on the funnel. Then you pour the mixture through the funnel and the solids will remain on the filter paper. CU Boulder. Filtration. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Technique/Procedures/Filtration/Filtration.html...
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...chose to separate the iron first using a magnet. Since the iron sticks strongly to the magnet, the beaker + mixture was then reweighed to determine the mass of iron removed by difference. The iodine was then removed in the next step by placing the beaker on a hot plate covered by an ice cold evaporating dish and heating at maximum heat until no more purple iodine vapor were seen coming off. The deposited iodine crystals were recovered from the underside of the dish. Because some iodine is lost the beaker + mixture was then reweighed to determine the mass of iodine removed by difference. The remaining mixture of sand and salt was treated with deionized water to extract the salt (soluble). The sand was removed by filtration through a filter funnel via the water vacuum pump and the filtrate transferred to another weighed beaker. The salt was then recovered by evaporating the filtrate to dryness. The beaker was cooled and the salt mass determined by mass difference. The mass of sand was determined by: Mass of sand = Mass of mixture used – mass of iron – mass of iodine – mass of salt. The calculations are shown in the table below: Component iron iodine salt sand TOTAL Mass 0.5 0.32 0.49 0.56 by difference 1.92 % mass 28.15 16.67 25.52 29.17 actual 10% 10% 40% 40% What was learnt: In a mixture, the components...
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...Healing Hospitals This essay is to be 500-750 words. The subjects to be addressed are under the headings below. The first paragraph of your paper is your introduction paragraph. Per APA 6th ed, paragraphs must be a minimum of three sentences long. In addition, think of your introduction paragraph as a funnel. The beginning of the paragraph starts out broad and then funnels down into something more specific with regards to content. The last sentence in your introduction paragraph is your thesis sentence. This sentence describes for your audience what your paper will include. (be careful not to write word for word sections from the syllabus, while it is accurate it will also give you a higher TII score, so even paraphrase the instructions and objectives into your own words when possible.) Components of Healing Hospitals I like to get the info from the assignment instructions AND the rubric and then create an outline of sorts, you are graded by the assessment guidelines in the rubric so write your paper to meet those expectations (you can find the rubric by going to the assignment drop box and clicking on the rubric in the upper right hand corner). I name the headings of the paper so that I make sure I have an outline that covers all requirements and helps me to stay on track with my content and not wander off direction with my information. Make sure you address the components (aesthetics, staff care, equipment etc) in relationship to spirituality you can find them in this...
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