Bryan Lee
AP Chemistry
Ms. Chubbuck
08/10/2015

Laboratory Apparatuses and Procedures

1. How to fold filter paper and how to filter a solid from a solution

Fold the filter paper into halves twice and then open the paper into a cone shape by popping a side outward. Place the filter paper in a funnel that should be supported by a ring stand. Make sure you have a beaker under the funnel to contain the mixtures that will pass through the filter paper. To make sure the filter paper fits in well, add some water by using the wash bottle on the filter paper to allow sticking and lying flat on the funnel. Then you pour the mixture through the funnel and the solids will remain on the filter paper.

CU Boulder. Filtration. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Technique/Procedures/Filtration/Filtration.html …show more content…
Hold the test tube with the clamp away from people and hold it at about 45 degrees angle over the flame source. When heating solids in heat tubes, fill the test tube no more than 1/5 of it. For liquids, do not fill the test tube no more than 1/10 of it.
Another way to heat liquids and solids is to place the test tube in a beaker of hot water.

Nuffield Foundation. Heating substances. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-chemistry/heating-substances (accessed Aug 10, 2015).

5. The difference between TC glassware and TD glassware

There are two different glasswares because the TD glassware is used to transfer liquid into a TC glassware where you keep the liquid in there. When transferring liquid from a TD glassware, there will be some leftovers in the container.
TC glassware = “To Contain” -A container like a volumetric flask is used to make solutions by adding or mixing liquids together.
TD glassware = “To Deliver” -An equipment that distributes solutions like graduated Cylinders or volumetric pipettes are used to measure a specific amount of liquid and “deliver” or distribute into a TC glassware.

Wake Forest University. Precision and Accuracy of Glassware. http://www.wfu.edu/chem/courses/jonesbt/111/111L/Experiment%201/Exp1.pdf (accessed Aug 10, …show more content…
Glassware. https://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/flasks.html (accessed Aug 10, 2015).

WebAssign. Volumetric Glassware. http://www.webassign.net/question_assets/tccgenchem2l1/glassware/manual.html (accessed Aug 10, 2015).

7. The process for making solutions of a given molarity from a solid solute

Weigh out the solute on a balance. Use a volumetric glass; add the solid solute into the flask. Add it to the flask when there’s a small volume of water.
Add some more distilled water by using the wash bottle to the flask then swirl the container until the liquid level is at the designated line. Make sure the solid is dissolved by then.

Home Science Tool. Making Solutions. http://www.hometrainingtools.com/a/making-chemical-solutions-science-teaching-tip (accessed Aug 10, 2015).

8. The correct way to dilute concentrated acids. Explain.

The correct way to dilute concentrated acids is to add acid to water, which prevents large amounts of heat being produced and any splashes out of the container. Never add water to acid because it will increase the concentration of the acid. Take out specific amounts of the solution and pour it into a new container and add water and check to see the temperature is rising or