...Cyber Ethics Assignment 1 February 2nd 2014 The Internet has come a long way since being brought up around the world. Millions of people access the internet for many uses such as communicating with friends and family, accessing vital information, paying bills, online shopping, and the list goes on and on. But there is now one phenomenon that many people are unaware of, net neutrality. Net neutrality is the paradigm where ISP providers and governments restrict the access from certain Internet web sites to the public. Web sites should be open to everybody browsing on the Internet and not be restricted. We can look in depth to this dilemma by using ethical theories to help us out. When it comes to utilitarian position regarding net neutrality, many sites should be restricted because it is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. But when it comes to the deontologist position regarding net neutrality all sites should be able to be accessed with no restrictions because it should adhere to the obligations and duties of ISP providers and governments (Boulos, 2008). Utilitarian ethics has the basis to get the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When it comes to net neutrality this means blocking or restricting many web sites to the millions of users. These decisions are made by ISP providers and by governments. For example Verizon has been paying money to ISP companies to make their bandwidth larger so it could be faster than other competing companies...
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...term 'net neutrality' was coined by Tim Wu, a professor at the Columbia Law School, and first used in his paper 'Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination' in 2003. Net neutrality, also referred to as 'Internet neutrality' or 'network neutrality', is a regulatory concept which eliminates any type of discrimination in transmission and access of content on the Internet. It is based on the principle that websites which provide content and users who access this content are equal, and nobody should be given preferential treatment at the cost of others. The advocates of net neutrality believe that the Internet should remain an open marketplace, for which it is important that the Internet service providers stay neutral. Net neutrality -- based on the open marketplace principle -- already exists, and that's why everybody gets equal access to the Internet. In its current form, however, it is nothing more than a set of professional ethics - with no concrete legislation, and therefore no compulsion of implementation. It may not seem a problem today, but what if someone decides to do away with the ethical part tomorrow. Say, for instance, what if the broadband carriers get to decide what you get to access on the Internet? What if your service provider decides that you will be charged more if you want access to Facebook and YouTube? It would definitely be unfair, and that's where a proper net neutrality legislation would come to your rescue. The proponents of net neutrality argue...
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...“Internet governance is a broad term used in many different contexts, applying to activities as diverse as coordination of technical standards, operation of critical infrastructure, development, regulation, and legislation, among others” (1). Issues like child pornography, identity theft and criminal activities are just few of the major reasons for internet to be controlled. The best way to govern it would be by placing certain restrictions over it and denying access to certain web pages, but it’s not as easy as it sounds. With placing restrictions on the internet another major issue arises that of net neutrality. What is net neutrality? , The term net neutrality means that the users should have the full access to the internet and they should have the full authority to decide what to view and what not to view rather than the service providing companies (Sutherland, 2010) (2). With Net neutrality as our main perspective we can discuss the deontologist and utilitarian side of it. The principle of deontologist states that the...
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...Abstract: Net neutrality is a sensitive cyber issue which expresses the right to Internet users to have net services without any discrimination on the basis of source, destination, or ownership of any kind of Internet traffic. This idea has laid the foundation for vigorous and high noted debate over public policy and private ownership across the many parts of the world over governmental regulation of the Internet or Internet access. The concept of Net Neutrality is new among Indian netizens (a term frequently used for internet citizens/users) which has become a matter of great concern among them and so has attracted a large media attention in a very short while. Nobody pay for electricity on the basis of which brand of appliances one uses,...
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...References Johnson.G, Scholes.K, (2010). Exploring strategy. 9th ed. Harlow: Priston Hall. Stanwick,P.,Stanwick.S.(2014). Understanding Business Ethics. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Eurpoean Commision (n.d.) “Factsheet on the right to be forgotten ruling”. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/justice/data-protection/files/factsheets/factsheet_data_protection_en.pdf.(Accessed at: 23rd June 2014). Google.Com (2014). 2014 Financial Tables. Available at: https://investor.google.com/financial/tables.html. (Acessed at 3rd July 2014) Gov.UK. (2014). Unemployment drops below 7%. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/unemployment-drops-below-7. (Accessed at: 24th June 2014). LSBFACCA. (2011). Lecture on Industry Life-Cycle. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGSiKlyQRII.(Accessed at: 2nd July 2014). McGregor.J, (2014). 2% of Google Employees Are Black And Just 30% Are Wome. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/jaymcgregor/2014/05/29/2-of-google-employees-are-black-and-just-30-are-women/. (Accessed at: 1st July 2014). Office for National Statistics. (2014). “Consumer Price Index”. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ppi2/producer-price-index/may-2014/stb-producer-price-inflation--may-2014.html. (Accessed at: 26th June 2014( Porter. E,M. (1996). “What is Strategy?” Available at: http://hbr.org/product/what-is-strategy/an/96608-PDF-ENG. (Accessed at 2nd July 2014). Revenue: Irish Tax and customs. (2014). “Corporate Tax Rate”. Available at: http://www...
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...| Course Syllabus College of Humanities HUM/186 Version 3 Media Influences on American Culture WCFYS0712 | Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Start Date: Tuesday, 8/28/2012 Week 2: Tuesday, 9/4/2012 Week 3: Tuesday, 9/11/2012 Week 4: Tuesday, 9/18/2012 Week 5: Tuesday, 9/25/2012 Course End Date: Tuesday, 9/25/2012 Facilitator Information Ststeve Headley sheadley@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix faculty) Steve.Headley@phoenix.edu (work) 727-642-4993 (cell) 513-551-5144 (Work) Course Description The course provides an introduction to the most prominent forms of media that influence and impact social, business, political, and popular culture in contemporary America. It explores the unique aspects of each medium as well as interactions across various media that combine to create rich environments for information sharing, entertainment, business, and social interaction in the United States and around the world. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are...
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...English 102-21949 Should the Government Regulate the Internet? Do we want the government censoring our stream of information? What about our rights to free speech or freedom of information? We would never think of censoring our television stations or allowing our phone lines to be tapped, so why would we want to allow the government to regulate the internet? When we use the internet, we expect to search for and receive results from a wide range of thoughts and ideas, where we go and who we listen to is our prerogative. Now with that power, comes the responsibility to understand that there will be extremes and to balance and weigh the credibility of the sources we are provided with. Freedom of speech and freedom of information are two ideals, no, rights that our country was founded upon. Regulation of the internet would infringe upon our first amendment rights and therefore cannot be considered. We live in a great democracy with many rights and freedoms that other citizens of the world don’t have. Internet regulation is the process of the government monitoring and filtering where we can go and what we can see on the internet. This is already happening in countries like China, who have been very outspoken about the United States push to encourage open web policies (Clinton). So who is pushing for legislation like this in the United States? Not surprisingly the two pieces of legislation that were proposed earlier this year, Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA)...
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...Philosophy Exam * When is a deductive argument conclusive? All the premises are true, No fallacies are committed, and it is valid. Which of the following is one of the criteria a deductive argument must meet in order to be conclusive (good)? -the argument must be valid * What are the 3 criteria that must be met for an appeal to experts to be legitimate? 1. Must be an expert in the relevant field, expertise on the issue 2. Consensus of experts in the field must agree. 3.Expert must be liable and agreeable, reliable and credible Suppose you decide to appeal to experts to answer a question. Which of the following is NOT one of the three criteria discussed in class that must be met for your appeal to authority to be likely to get you the truth? -the expert appealed to must have published work in the field. * What are the ways discussed in class to determine what the consensus of experts believe about an issue? Professional Journals * Why is it important to rely on a consensus rather than individual experts views? Some experts just start drama, past experts have been wrong. Why is it important to rely on consensus rather than individual experts views? -a consensus is more likely to be correct * How is truth defined in class? As defined in class, a statement is true and only true if it matches up with the way things are. * What are the main points of each of the Quickie Arguments? Morality does not equal legality...
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...Privacy Endangerment with the Use of Data Mining An emergent Information Technology (IT) issue that has been rising in the past few years has been data mining. Data mining is utilized to retrieve personal identifiable information provided by individuals through the use of Internet services such as: social media networks, email, and other networks that contain data bases full of personal information. If such data retrieval if not done careful, it can cause ethical issues for the companies that are involved. The ethical issues related to data mining are violation of privacy, confidentiality, and respect of persons’ rights. Issues that required the immediate attention regarding data mining are: What stops corporations from sharing personal identifiable information with other companies?; How effectively and ethically data mining is use by the government?; Is our privacy and confidentiality truly protected? Social network companies such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google provide users agreements upon joining their services. These agreements underline how the information provided by the user will be utilize by the company and it allows the user to understand how to protect their personal identifiable information while utilizing these social network sites. These companies pride themselves in protecting users’ personal information. However, what happens when the company or an unethical company employee violates these agreements? Personal identifiable information is then released...
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...express their views on issues under consideration. | | | | identifies the accounting issues that are the most important. | | | | requires that all accountants receive a copy of financial standards. | | Instructor Explanation: | General Feedback: Chapter 1 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 2. | Question : | (TCO A) Under Sarbanes Oxley, the new law does not | | | Student Answer: | | require a national CPA license for all CPAs. | | | | establish an oversight board, called the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, for accounting practices. | | | | require a company to maintain a system of internal controls. | | | | require codes of ethics for senior financial officers. | | Instructor Explanation: | General Feedback: Chapter 1 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 3. | Question : | (TCO A) Changing the method of inventory valuation should be reported in the financial statements under what qualitative characteristic of accounting information? | | | Student Answer: | | Consistency | | | | Verifiability | | | | Timeliness | | | | Comparability | | Instructor Explanation: | General Feedback: Chapter 2, page 52 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 4. | Question : | (TCO A) The characteristic that is demonstrated when a high degree of...
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...System. The said law was enacted, framing all rules and policies that public employees must follow in fulfilling their respective jobs. It is also the government’s mechanism to ensure quality service and efficiency in the Administrative System. The RA 6713 includes the norms that employees shall observe in the discharge of their duties. First and foremost, they must have commitment to public interest. In all their dealings, they must always consider the benefit and welfare of the public. Since they are working for the public per se, then it is tantamount to the fact that they must discharge their duties, basically, for the convenience of the people. Public employees must also exhibit professionalism, justness and sincerity, political neutrality, responsiveness to the public, nationalism and patriotism, commitment to democracy and simple living. All these norms are equally important and must be observed. The Civil Service...
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...1 Financial Reporting Overview Chapter 1 is an overview chapter covering accounting users, financial reporting, GAAP, accounting organizations, the conceptual framework, accounting careers, and ethics. The topics are wide ranging and very heavy on the new terminology side of things. Although it is a good chapter for introductory purposes, the concepts and organizations covered are so extensive that it will make a good chapter to come back to later, or at the end of intermediate accounting, to review. In fact, many parts of the chapter will make more sense and come together in your mind better only after you have dealt with specific details and examples in later chapters. Focus mostly on the terminology at this point in time. Making sense of it all will be easier later on. The final section on accounting careers and ethics may make for some interesting reading, but don’t expect to be tested much on it. The conceptual framework will probably get the bulk of the examination questions, both for this class and for the CPA exam. As such, understanding Exhibit 1-5 in the textbook is very important. Learning Objectives Refer to the Review of Learning Objectives at the end of the chapter. It is crucial that this section of the chapter is second nature to you before you attempt the homework, a quiz, or exam. This important piece of the chapter serves as your CliffsNotes or “cheat sheet” to the basic concepts and principles that must be mastered. If after reading...
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...Chapter 01 Environment and Theoretical Structure of Financial Accounting True / False Questions 1. | The primary function of financial accounting is to provide relevant financial information to parties external to business enterprises. True False | 2. | Accrual accounting attempts to measure revenues and expenses that occurred during accounting periods so they equal net operating cash flow. True False | 3. | The FASB is currently the public-sector organization responsible for setting accounting standards in the United States. True False | 4. | The FASB's due process invites various interested parties to indicate their opinions about whether financial accounting standards should be changed. True False | 5. | Accounting for stock-based compensation is an area in which the FASB has received little political interference. True False | 6. | The Public Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) changed the entity responsible for setting auditing standards in the United States. True False | 7. | A rules-based approach to standard setting stresses professional judgment as opposed to following a list of rules. True False | 8. | Under federal securities laws, the SEC has the authority to set accounting standards in the United States. True False | 9. | The primary responsibility for properly applying GAAP when communicating with investors and creditors through...
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...CHAPTER 1 ENVIRONMENT AND THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Overview The primary function of financial accounting is to provide useful financial information to users external to the business enterprise. The focus of financial accounting is on the information needs of investors and creditors. These users make critical resource allocation decisions that affect the nation’s economy. The primary means of conveying financial information to investors, creditors, and other external users is through financial statements and related notes. In this chapter you explore important topics such as the FASB’s conceptual framework that serve as a foundation for a more detailed study of financial statements, the way the elements of these statements are measured, and the concepts underlying these measurements and related disclosures. Learning Objectives LO1–1 Describe the function and primary focus of financial accounting. LO1–2 Explain the difference between cash and accrual accounting. LO1–3 Define generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and discuss the historical development of accounting standards, including convergence between U.S. and international standards. LO1–4 Explain why the establishment of accounting standards is characterized as a political process. LO1–5 Explain factors that encourage high-quality financial reporting. LO1–6 Explain the purpose of the conceptual framework. LO1–7 Identify the objective and qualitative characteristics...
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...Chapter 1 Environment and Theoretical Structure of Financial Accounting AACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 7e with the following AACSB learning skills: Questions 1–1 1–2 1–3 1–4 1–5 1–6 1–7 1–8 1–9 1–10 1–11 1–12 1–13 1–14 1–15 1–16 1–17 1–18 1–19 1–20 1–21 1–22 1–23 1–24 1–25 1–26 1–27 1–28 1–29 AACSB Tags Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking 1–30 1–31 1–32 Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Brief Exercises 1–1 1–2 1–3 1–4 1–5 1–6 AACSB Tags Analytic Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking...
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