...Net Neutrality What is Net Neutrality? The Internet has become a utility in our everyday lives. With the technology advent in the global markets, the internet has become a part of our day to day lives. With this new advent, there arise issues such as equality and freedom of usage. Recent usage of the word “net neutrality” means a lot to most of the internet users. Net neutrality or the open internet is defined as unlimited or equal access to all the websites on the internet without any limitations. However, we can see that some of the bigger players in the industry are blocking or limiting the speed of access to certain sites or apps. The issue of net neutrality is not a newer issue wherein everyone is hearing the words for the first time....
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...you are one of India’s active netizens, it is unlikely that the words Net Neutrality have escaped your daily dose of social media updates and news. The debate, which gained pace post AIB’s video on the topic and news of the Airtel Zero programme, has seen some of the biggest names in the Internet and media industries give their take on the issue. More importantly, last month India’s telecom regulator TRAI came out with a consultation paper on the growth of Over-the-top (OTT) players like WhatsApp or Skype and is looking at exploring a regulatory framework for these apps. In essence, Net Neutrality implies that all Internet data pack should be treated equally, that there should be no fast or slow lanes for Internet, or that users should pay differently for accessing some websites. While online activists and even big Internet companies in India like ClearTrip, Flipkart, have come out to support Net Neutrality, the debate isn’t really as simple when it comes to India. He says the telecos’ argument about loss revenue due to rise of OTT’s isn’t a legitimate one but adds that instead of going for more regulation TRAI can look to reduce some differential regulations for telecos to make things easier for them. There’s also a growing belief that TRAI hasn’t acted fairly when it comes to its paper on OTTs. The Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) has slammed TRAI saying OTTs are already regulated and governed by the IT Act. A statement issued by IAMAI President Subho Ray...
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...Net Neutrality Debate Sirisha Dumpa Campbellsville University BA 63373 Information Systems Infrastructure Professor: Fred Rose Net Neutrality Debate Neutrality occurs in a situation where Internet Service Providers are prevented from selectively restricting internet access or discrimination against certain users by imposing fee for websites or content. Net Neutrality Debate is a debate based on Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that was argued that its access should not victimized regardless of the application individual use for internet hence offering freedom to upload or download content. Net Neutrality differs from one nation to other internationally. To start with, in countries like Portugal has Net Neutrality barring data blockage,...
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...According to the Federal Communications Commission of the United States, net neutrality has been recognised to entail three primary norms: a. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must operate in a transparent manner; b. ISPs cannot block access to any content; c. ISPs cannot discriminate against any internet traffic in any manner. Critics fear that powerful service providers could choose to control Internet traffic by funnelling data into fast and slow lanes; this thereby would allow the richest companies to pay extra fees to ensure that their online content is accessible through the fast lanes, creating an additional barrier of entry for new online start-ups who could not afford access to such fast lanes. One of the alleged drawbacks of the...
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...the privileged few), it does a brilliant execution on both narration and rendition, with Mark Zuckerberg positioned as the voice of the masses for connectivity and digital equality (and a fine print that leaves much to be understood, on costs, speeds, places one can visit, walls that will keep out more than what the mind and eyes of the avg netizen can/will see for now, etc etc). A bold strategy for sure indeed and if it works – Mark Zuckerberg has clearly created history (yet again, as a marketing genius this time). For he would be credited with changing (i) the rules of net neutrality (ii) for heralding the advent of branded internet and (iii) for kicking of the leadership battle for ‘share of internet’ in the times to come. And yet several question remain: As to how credible is this campaign strategy (levaraging Mark Z) How credible is the very idea of “free basics” – in the realm of the net neutrality debates, and the many truths, half truths and fears that seemingly are there with free basics...
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...ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN DEMOCRACY Importance/ Functions of Civil Services Civil Services is the functional body responsible for carrying on the administration under the direction and control of the elected representatives of people and in accordance with the rules and principles. As per E.N. Gladden “It is the function of Civil Services to fulfil the will of Parliament, as formulated by the Cabinet – i.e. the Cabinet works out the policies of the Government. The Civil Services see that these policies, when duly approved by the Parliament, is faithfully executed, so far as this is humanly possible. Their main job is to assist the Government in policy formulation and then implementing this very policy on ground in most efficient manner. Civil Services keep identifying new areas of societal concerns, inform the political masters and help them design the potential solutions, in form of various schemes and progs. They keep taking feedback of performance of these schemes and bring required modifications in them. It is the civil services, which is in constant touch with citizens at all levels of government – people interactions. Therefore the efficiency and attitude of civil servants will reflect upon the people’s confidence and faith in the governance system of the country. Highlighting the importance of civil services, Joseph Chamberlain (British politician) said to a group of civil servants, “You can do without us (political representatives), but I am fully convinced that we could...
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...Vol. 4 (1) www.buget-finante.ro Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India: prospect for states by Mohd. Azam Khan1 and Nagma Shadab2 Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, India Abstract: Goods and services tax (GST) is a broad based and a single comprehensive tax levied at every stage of the production and distribution chain with applicable set-off in respect of the tax remitted at previous stages. It is basically a tax on final consumption integrates the union excise duties, custom duties, services tax and state VAT. Presently around 140 countries have adopted the GST pattern, including India. The GST would be beneficial for the consumers as it reduces the final burden of taxation. For Government it leads the reduction of tax compliance efforts and administrative costs and for business units it leads transparency, complete set-off and removal of cascading effect of taxation. It is in this background that the present paper tries to explain the significance of GST in India and its prospects for states to generate revenue and ensure transparency in tax structure. This paper is organized into seven sections. Section two presents justification for dual structure of GST in India. The third part presents the rate structure under GST work in India. The fourth segment is concerned with the working of GST in India. The fifth part shows the international experiences of GST at state level in India. The seventh and final part is related to conclusion and policy recommendations...
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.......... 18 Tax base and Rates ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Implementation of GST in other countries......................................................................................... 37 Data Analysis and Interpretation........................................................................................................... 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................. 40 LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS | GST-the next big reform Page 2 INTRODUCTION Probably the biggest tax overhaul system, which independent India has seen could be the introduction of Goods and Services Tax, leave apart the Direct Tax Code (which could replace the Income Tax Act, 1961). Though the implementation date of GST is still unclear, but it could see the light of day soon. The Goods and Services Tax...
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...Introduction The First World War went down in history as one of the worst wars ever to be fought, owing to the magnitude of destruction and loss of life it left in its wake. The war started in 1914 ending in 1919, and has been described variously as the Great War, the War of Nations and the War to End All Wars. (Dwight E, 1966) It was fought by many nations around the world, with Europeans being the main players, and is very significant for the way it shaped the continents years after it ended. Many explanations for the possible causes of the war have been given, some of which have been accepted while others have been disputed. The war was fought in a series of battles fought at different locations at different times and involved over 65million men. This paper discusses the genesis, chronology of events during the war, the main players, the casualties and the implication of the war on modern history. The Genesis, Main Players, Events, Casualties and Implications First of all, it is thought that competition among the major European powers was an ingredient in fuelling the war. This was so especially between Britain and Germany, who were competing to have the most powerful navy in the world. All parties were building up large armies and navies, and from this there emerged a professional and powerful class of military officers. At one point, Germany had a well trained, large army that could match the entire army of Great Britain. This led to emergence of tension in Europe, which...
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...Indian economy up to 1947: * Low use of technology * Dependent on imports * Exporter or raw materials, mainly to England * Completely destroyed traditional industries * Nascent stages of development of a small group of capitalists Debate on type of economic system to be adopted: * Capitalist v/s socialist * Bombay plan of 1944 * USA v/s USSR * Prevailing socio economic conditions Beginning of FYPs * Borrowed the concept from USSR * Tweaked it according to prevailing situations * Nehru Mahalanobis model * Emphasis on self reliance, PSUs, and vibrant SMEs * Trickledown effect and strong basic industries * Criticism Some important events: * 1948- Pakistan war * 1962- China war * 1965- Pakistan war * 1971- Liberation of Bangladesh * 1970s- oil and energy crises * 1975- Emergency * 1991- BOP crisis From 1947-1979: * First FYP 1951-1956- emphasis on Agriculture * Second FYP 1956-1961- emphasis on industry * Third FYP 1961- 1966 – balance between both * Three yearly plans from 1966-1969 * Nationalization of banks 1969 * Up to now most of the banks except SBI were owned by private individuals * 14 banks were nationalized. They had about 85 percent of the total deposits * Fourth FYP 1969-1974- emphasis on social justice * Whatever liberal measures initiated since independence were reversed * Recall the events discussed earlier *...
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...Telecommunications in India: India's telecommunication network is the second largest in the world based on the total number of telephone users (both fixed and mobile phone). It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world enabled by the mega telephone networks and hyper-competition among them. It has the world's third-largest Internet user-base. According to the Internet And Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), the Internet user base in the country stood at 190 million at the end of June, 2013. Major sectors of the Indian telecommunication industry are telephony, internet and television broadcast Industry in the country which is in an ongoing process of transforming into next generation network, employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centres, media gateways and signalling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fibre and wireless technologies. DTH, a relatively new broadcasting technology has attained significant popularity in the Television segment. The introduction of private FM has given a fillip to the radio broadcasting in India. Telecommunication in India has greatly been supported by the INSAT system of the country, one of the largest domestic satellite systems in the world. India possesses a diversified...
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...A Paper Presentation on EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE Theme: International Finance & Trade Institute Name: Symbiosis Institute of International Business (SIIB), Pune Student Name: 1) Swapnil Rathi 2) Kuldeep Joshi Contact No: Swapnil – 9860222020 Kuldeep – 9028029154 Email id: swapnilrathi@siib.ac.in kuldeepjoshi@siib.ac.in 1 ABSTRACT The exchange rate is the rate at which the supply for a currency meets the demand of the same currency. As foreign exchange rates are affected by a number of factors, the equilibrium exchange rate in turn, are also influenced by its supply and demand. Hence equilibrium is achieved when a currency's demand is equal to its supply. Analysing the equilibrium levels of the exchange rates plays a crucial role in the policy making decisions of the policymakers. Exchange rates have a major influence on the prices faced by the consumers and producers throughout the world and the consequences of misalignments can be extremely costly to the nations involved. Therefore economists have developed number of methodologies for calculating the exchange rates. Each methodology involves conceptual explanations and/or imprecise estimates of key parameters and different methodologies which generate different calculated values for equilibrium exchange rates. This makes it difficult to have much confidence in estimates derived from any single methodology on its own. By the same token, it suggests that, ideally, policymakers should inform their judgments through...
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...collection to sustain growth and maintain equity and stability in the economy. If blood circulation is essential to keep the human body alive so is taxation to keep the economy alive. Developing countries suffer from dearth of revenue because of low taxable capacity as the majority of people live below the poverty line with hardly any capacity to pay taxes to the government. On top, legal base of taxation is condensed with unrestricted tax shelters and tax administration is short of modern mechanism to spot new tax payers and bring them into the orbit of tax- net. According to the theory of structural change of taxes during the developmental process, the contribution of direct taxes will grow with the rise in per capita income, in turn the contribution of indirect taxes will comparatively slow down. Direct taxes have tactical importance and its preference over indirect taxes is claimed on the ground of neutrality, welfare and excess burden. With time, it has been established that direct taxation gives the best accountability degree which translates to good governance, whereas indirect taxation have less tangible effects. International comparisons of contribution as a percentage of revenue to GDP in developed and developing countries are as follows: - Tax/GDP ratio of Sweden was found to be 49.7 percent in 2008, while it was 50.0 percent in Denmark, 46.8 percent in Belgium, 36.5 percent in New Zealand, 28.2...
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...MIS 12th Edition Video Matrix ONLINE EDITION Student Instructions: 1. Go to www.azimuth-interactive.com/MIS12. 2. Enter your school .edu email address. You must have a .edu mail account. 3. Press Submit. 4. Check your email for an activation link. 5. Click on the activation link. 6. Click on the video you want to view. Chapter Videos |Part One: Organizations, | | |Management and the Networked | | |Enterprise | | |Chapter 1: Information Systems in|(1) UPS Global Operations with the DIAD IV | |Global Business Today | | | |How IT drives the UPS operation worldwide. Using smart people and smart technology, UPS delivers over 14 million | | |packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected| | |to UPS main databases located...
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...By BankBazaar.com Feedback/Comments on RBI’s Consultation paper- Peer to Peer Lending in India The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has initiated steps to regulate peer-to-peer (P2P) lending business. RBI has proposed registering P2P lending platforms as non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). In order to come up with the regulation RBI has sought suggestions over the consultation paper. We have analysed the proposed regulatory framework and submit our comments /suggestions. We request the RBI to give us an opportunity to present our views at appropriate forum or panel if they deem fit to substantiate our views. Clause No. Comments/suggestions Clause 5.1- Proposal P2P platforms are online market place and acts merely as a to bring P2P lending platform/intermediary between lender and borrower to facilitate platforms under the transaction through its technological integration. These definition of NBFCs platforms neither accept deposits on their balance sheets nor do under section 45I (f) they engage in proprietary lending. There activity should not be (iii) of the RBI Act termed as ‘financial’ per se. P2P platforms are non-banking and non-financial companies and therefore the proposal or need to bring them under the definition of NBFCs under section 45 I (f) (iii) may kindly be reviewed. Clause 5.2- RBI to Online platform is only a market place facilitating the sale of issue registration financial products and do not...
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