...Brotherhood of St Laurence 67 Brunswick Street Fitzroy Vic. 3065 ABN 24 603 467 024 Ph: (03) 9483 1183 www.bsl.org.au the HUB of responsible business practice in Australia is a project of St James Ethics Centre © St James Ethics Centre 2 Contents Acknowledgments Summary Introduction Key findings The way forward Recommendations Introduction Brotherhood of St Laurence Gorman Industries Understanding the clothing industry Corporate responsibility and “sustainability” Developing tools for responsible business practice Roadmap methodology How we went about it Who we spoke to Overview of the garment supply chain The clothing industry roadmap Key sustainability issues in the garment sector Case study: Gorman Who is Gorman? The Gorman roadmap: Merino Tee and Forest Dress Unpicking the garment roadmap Design and production management Wool and cotton cultivation Processing raw materials and yarn manufacturing Knitting and weaving Fabric processing Cut make and trim Retailing and wholesaling Consumer use Textile waste and disposal Freight Towards sustainable garments Garment industry drivers Sources of information the HUB of responsible business practice in Australia is a project of St James Ethics Centre © St James Ethics Centre 5 6 6 7 11 12 14 14 15 15 17 18 19 19 20 22 22 23 28 28 29 32 32 34 39 43 45 48 51 55 56 58 60 60 61 3 Tools and resources Role of government ...
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...definition of ethics deserves more than just one sentence, as it is an ambiguous, complex and intangible subject that revolves around behavior towards society, the environment and the business world at large. It is a reflection of one’s personal values and behavior within the business environment and is concerned with what is right and what is wrong based on sometimes religious values, law, established practices, society and individual conscience. Ethics is based on unwritten rules that address fairness, responsibility, moral obligation and compassion. From the above, business ethics can be defined as “The application of a moral code of conduct to the strategic and operational management of a business.” (Define Business Ethics -Discussion and Debate, online) The impact of ethics on business needs to be seen as positive. Corporations that are purely profit driven will not see this positivity as they perceive that ethics limits them to do business as they wish. One thing they must bear in mind is that consumers are more savvy and educated now and respect organizations that practice business in an ethical way and support these organizations wholeheartedly. Ethics drives business to conduct itself in a right and moral way ensuring that no one (society, environment and industry) is harmed. The ethical issues in the extract that need to be discussed and addressed are the topics surrounding the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy for power, the implementation of green energy via solar...
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...and the gradual scarcity of resources have come to light as major disruptions in the business environment. These challenges have opened up new opportunities for companies to sell solutions to these problems. Businesses prosper with the motive of growing their profits at an infinite rate. But environment considerations should not be left while garnering those profits. The role of Environmental ethics come into play here which focuses on the MNCs' ethics in running their businesses as well as keeping the environment untouched to the extent possible. Environmental Ethics The field of Environmental Ethics has grown since the early 1970s. The scholars who have categorized the natural environment include Alan Marshall and Michael Smith. Marshall has used the following terms to describe these categories: Libertarian extension, which commits itself to extend equal rights to the community which consists of humans as well as non-humans, Ecologic extension, which places equal emphasis on human rights as well as the interdependence of all biological objects and their diversity, and conservation ethics, which focuses on the worth of environment only in terms of how it is useful to mankind. The concept of Anthropocentrism places humankind at the centre of the...
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...information that could reasonably be expected to influence an intended user’s understanding of the reports” as outlined in IMA’s Standards of Ethical Conduct for Management Accountants. Miller could objectively assume that the sales orders that have been made but pending shipment have the potential of being cancelled or returned due to customer dissatisfaction, thus not reflect accurate divisional sales numbers. 2. Miller should not book the sales. Tough legislation has recently been passed which regulates the monitoring of managers and accountants, and she would put her company at risk by doing so. She should take steps that would help her in this situation of an unethical practice, such as consulting with an immediate supervisor or an Ethics department within the company. 1-28 1. Michaels does indeed face an ethical problem with the Horizon group conference. One of the major standards of IMA’s Standards of Ethical Conduct for Management Accountants is integrity. The language used to explain this standard is to “avoid apparent conflicts of interest” and “refuse any gift, favor, or hospitality that would influence or would appear to influence your actions”. This would apply precisely to Michael’s situation. An all-expenses-paid package with lots of “rest and recreation time” sounds like a conflict of interest. Also, since he has family in the Cancun area that he said he planned on visiting, this too would appear to be an abuse of resources which...
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...Aristotle view upon oil and coal restrictions The "tragedy of the commons” is a theory presented by Garrett Hardin in which an unattended or common limited resource is available to anybody who wants to use it. In his theory Garrett states that individuals, groups, or organizations can slowly deplete a common resource if no regulations are implemented. One example of our modern world “tragedy of commons” is the human dependency upon oil and coal which is a non-renewable energy source and if used without restriction may eventually become unavailable. For this reason, restrictions implemented by Washington legislators are beneficial to our sustainability. Aristotle would certainly agree with the implementation of regulations upon oil and coal since he believed in moral virtues. Aristotle would side with Washington legislators who implement restriction upon oil and coal use. Aristotle believed that the human goal is to sustain the planet and its limited resources in order to pass them onto the next generation. If people continue to abuse resources available to them without restriction, there will not be any resources left to sustain the future of humanity. In order for the planet to survive and continue to grow, sustainability is a necessary part of today's society. Aristotle would disagree with those who continuously fight against legislators and the oil and coal restrictions because he believed in the “golden mean” which implemented an idea that one should not have too much...
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...The ethics of a “boondoggle” The case this review will deal with is that of Duke Energy Indiana’s coal gasification plant. I surmise what can be learned here is that the best laid plans to protect the public’s interest can be easily derailed by ‘clubby’ behavior from individuals in power. Further, this case sheds light on the importance of our system of laws that work to maintain separation between regulatory bodies and those industries they regulate. In this case, the violation of these revolving door policies leads to over 1 billion dollars in additional cost to be absorbed by electricity rate payers in the state of Indiana. Starting with some background information would be useful to understand the breaches here. Duke Energy operates a large electric utility service covering much of Indiana’s population, mainly in south and central Indiana. Duke Inc. originates from North Carolina and purchased the Cinergy/PSI assets over a decade ago. Most of the power plants acquired in Indiana are coal fired and date from the early seventies on their oldest units. Duke and the other electric utilities in the entire Midwestern region have been looking for ways to covert from dirty, greenhouse gas emitting coal to other forms of energy for quite a while now. Duke chose to pioneer a new technology still using coal, but processing it first before incineration to claim the natural gas component and only burn it. The process known as coal gasification was hoped to reduce particulate emissions...
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...impact the entire world. Halliburton is forced to make decisions that can impact not only the organization but also society as whole. Protection of health, safety and prevention of pollution to the environment are primary goals of this company. It strives to develop and provide products and services that have no undue environmental impact and are safe in their intended use, efficient in their consumption of energy and natural resources, typically using only materials that can be recycled, reused, or disposed of safely. All employees must conduct their duties and responsibilities in compliance with applicable laws and industry standards relating to health and safety in the workplace to help prevent pollution to the environment (Halliburton, 2010). Halliburton is a world recognized oil company. It is one of the largest providers of oil and gas in the industry with a workforce of around 50,000 employees in more than 70 countries. Halliburton’s code of ethics is “Company policy requires directors, employees and agents to observe high standards of business and personal ethics in the conduct of their duties and responsibilities. Directors and employees must practice fair dealing, honesty and integrity in every aspect of dealing with other company employees, the public, the business community, shareholders, customers, suppliers, competitors, and government authorities. When acting on behalf of the Company, directors and employees shall not take unfair...
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...country’s massive natural gas and oil reserves and the latest energy extraction method to come under intense fire. Ironically, it’s because of fracking that the United States now has enough oil and gas to potentially meet what has been an insatiable need for energy. (1) The economic arguments concerning fracking can be derived from two aspects, national and international. Because everything related to a country’s economy is always from these two parts. National: 1, It has already driven down natural gas prices to the point where utilities are replacing dirty coal-fired power plants with cleaner natural gas-burning plans and increasingly vehicles are burning natural gas instead of dirtier gasoline. 2, As the shale gas is increasingly explored, the coal and other fuels will be replaced. It can lead to country becoming energy independent to reduce some threats. 3, Fracking is a big industry, which can give a boost to national and local economies in forms of revenue. 4, Fracking need much more people to join in to play different roles such as geologists, well drillers, office workers, truck drivers, construction workers. International: 1, This will reverse the global energy scarcity woes, rising shale gas production has increased alternative liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies to Europe in the form of LNG displaced from the American market. (2) 2, For some country, it is essential for them to import or explore other energy source. Such as UK, In the UK, they find themselves in...
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...Business Ethics in a Global Context Executive Summary TransCanada and the Pipeline Industry Ethical decisions are important in any organization, regardless of location, industry or size. The importance is paramount in the oil industry due to the danger to the environment, local towns and cities, and employees. The following project looks at the TransCanada Company in detail to determine the practices and policies they have in place to ensure ethical decisions are made. The paper will explain the company’s goals, current systems in place and plans for the future. It will also show past examples of why careless mistakes and risky behaviour could cripple a company’s performance, even if the mistake is minor. The TransCanada Company is a Canadian giant and a world leader in energy. They specialize in many regions of the energy industry, including gas, electricity and oil. Currently, they have over 10 natural gas pipeline projects, 13 oil pipeline projects and 8 electric projects on the go, not to mention their existing infrastructure and day to day operations. They have over $46 billion in assets and are constantly expanding, devoting billions in investments across North America every year. A Company of this size with so much power needs to behave in the most ethical way possible and consider all stakeholders with the utmost respect. A lack of attention to detail and its effects on society could lead to disastrous effects to not only North America but to TransCanada...
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...world’s first energy drinks. Both of them contain caffeine and people have been using these beverages for year to receive an extra boost of energy for their day. I could remember my grandmother would wake up in the morning and the first thing she would do was to start to boil water for her morning tea. As a child I had no idea why she drunk tea. All I knew that if you added lemon and a bunch of the sugar to the tea, then it wasn't so bad. My grandmother was a local babysitter for the neighbourhood and the tea helped to give her energy for the day. My grandmother has passed away for years now but the idea of drinking something to gain energy didn’t pass with her. Tea and coffee has gotten a little out-dated and people today have adopted a new energy increaser, the energy drinks. The energy drinks as we know it today has gotten very poplar. From 2008 to 2012 the energy drink market has grown 60% (wallstreetinsanity.com). Energy drinks of today, besides coffee and tea, have been around for years. From it’s unknown origin, the energy drink has traveled around the world, and have gained substantial market shares in the functional beverage industry of several parts of the world. Europe is one of the largest functional beverages markets in the world. The energy drink has made a sizeable impact on the functional beverage markets in both western and eastern Europe. In this research project we are going to explore a number of objectives targeted to the impact of the energy drink on the...
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...Assessment 2: Research Project/Essay Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, & Globalisation, within the Global Electronics Industry Presented to: Dr Gustavo Guzman 7112IBA Globalisation & Corporate Social Responsibility, G01_2.13A, Griffith Business School, Gold Coast Campus Prepared by Kevin Vohra 2746020 Word Count = October-29-2011 INTRODUCTION The global electronics industry comprises of many partners that make up a complex international supply chain. Due to globalisation, TNCs have set up subsidiaries that operate in under developed foreign countries like Asia. They operate in the areas of manufacturing of components for computers, assembly, contractors, suppliers, software, technical services, and retailers. As per the OECD ICT Industry Outlook, 2008. Total employment for the global electronics industry was estimated at 15 million workers worldwide. Revenues for the top 250 electronic firms were $3.8 trillion, and the top countries exporting ICT goods were the following nations; China, European Union, United States, Korea, Japan. The recorded fasted growing export countries are; Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Eastern Europe (EICC, 2008) . Due to deregulation of markets and the competition in the electronics industry, transnational corporations such as Apple, and HP have set up operations in developing countries in order to profit off of these developing nations. Many TNCs take advantage of such high profit, low wage labour markets...
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...Responding to Internal and External Factors; Wal-mart Analysis Abstract; this report examines the ways in which Wal-mart responds to internal and external factors such as globalization, new technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. Wal-Mart is a successful industry giant, so it stands to reason that they are proficient at responding to internal and internal factors and thriving . In this essay we explore Wal-Mart’s programs and initiatives and access if we could use their examples to learn from and grow as managers and business owners. There are various internal and external factors that affect the four functions of Management positively or negatively. Organizations need to pay close attention to these factors because it can enhance the company’s success when used appropriately. The most prevalent factors that management has to be concerned with in this era are globalization, new technologies, innovation, diversity, and ethics. Wal-mart is a big player in the nation nal and global market and must stay reactive to these internal and external factors to stay on top. Wal-mart is addressing each of these issues directly. Globalization has raised numerous questions about the credibility, leading to perceptions. Wal-Mart is one leading store serving millions of customers globally and continues to do so by opening more stores worldwide. Globalization has a great impact on the company. It has broadened their market structure and also increased profit margin. Even...
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...focus on realization of his long-standing dreams: one is Space X – the company, the main purpose of which is the design of launch vehicles and the cargo delivery to the Space. This is the first commercial company to launch and dock a vehicle to the International Space Station. The second is Tesla Motors – the company, which pushes cars into the “New Age” - the age of the clean electric cars. Which wants put an end to uneconomical and low-tech cars of the past1.(http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD) Internal combustion engine efficiency - though continuously improving over time - still causes criticism by the "clean energy" crowd. It is argued that in our time of innovation the slow increase in efficiency is not sufficient, and an alternative is needed. That is why the "green" energy adopters see Tesla Motors' Model S as a messiah of sorts. We should keep in mind that the ecological impact of internal combustion vehicles is often overlooked in pursuit of power, luxury factor, or comfort. IC engines produce carbon monoxide that has environmental impact, certain functional elements are non-recyclable and have to be destroyed or stored indefinitely. Tesla offers - on paper, at least - an alternative to a classic form with innovative function and revolutionized efficiency. Throughout the recent twenty-odd years, the technology has entered our day-to-day lives in ways previously unimaginable. Gadgets are universally owned and used,...
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...Spectra energy is a company that truly believes in honest behavior and values integrity within the business. When you have a strong commitment to everyday business practices your employees, will help you obtain the goals you want to reach as an ethical business, which can encourage ethical conduct, compliance and organizational culture that makes each individual employee become better than what they were yesterday. Spectra energy was named by Ethisphere as one of the 100 top most ethical companies of March 20, 2014 list of companies that focus on ethical business practices and demonstrated leadership. This has been Spectra Energy’s third consistent year of being recognized as a top industry leader in ethical business practices. There were a total of 144 honorees in 22 countries that span 41 industries. President, Greg Ebel and chief executive officer at spectra energy believes that in order to stay above bad decision that poor ethics company make, you must focus on compliance program and strong ethics that is very critical in order to keeping our business successful, with employees doing the right thing in order to keep them in line with ethical behavior during and off office hours of daily operation, company creditability because you are the faces that represent this company. I’m very proud of how Greg Ebel been running this company with ethical discipline that is very beneficial to our stakeholders, shareholders, employees and local communities wrong doing that other...
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...third world country, Saipan could not create enough jobs to sustain the livelihood of all its citizens, so it the citizens could choose between starving to death and making a difficult living in Gap’s sweatshops, the sweatshop is apparently a better option. Hence from the utilitarianism approach, Gap’s unethical behavior was actually better than its doing nothing at all. However, this decision gave Gap an international lawsuit over ethical treatment of labor, which does not cost Gap considerable fortune and energy, but also severely harmed its international reputation as an ethical player in the apparel industry (Smith, 2004). It turned out that the public citizens and the media prefer to use the Kantianism when viewing a corporate ethical issue (Iwanow and McEachem, 2005). After this Saipan sweatshop incident, the stakeholders of Gap Inc. placed huge pressure on the company management (Smith, 2004). As a result, Gap Inc. went through a thorough reflection on business ethics and corporate social responsibilities (CSR). Finally, the company made a decision to shift from the Utilitarianism approach to...
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