...Ethnic Group Conflict PSY 450 March 26, 2012 Ethnic Group Conflict Knowledge is power and the more knowledge a person has the more power he or she have at their disposal. Power can be defined as a overbearing control over a population or individual. People who are affected by power can be individual or a whole family can be manipulated. Power can cause a person to follow out of fear or out of trust, but the ultimate goal of welding power is the outcome can be the betterment of everyone involved or just the advancement of those in power. One form of power that can be welded over people is conformity. Conformity is the action of doing what the majority states is appropriate in order to be accepted. That means the majority of the group makes the rules and everyone follows the rules or get discarded. There is acceptable and unacceptable practice that leads to good and bad penalty. For example society which is the majority of the people agree that stealing is wrong, therefore a law was made to inform people stealing is wrong. If a person is caught stealing there are consequences that are set in place such as jail time which is enforced by the police. Conformity is not the only tool used by society to persuade its people to follow the demands and standards. Social perception and social cognition also play a significant role in getting people to follow the rules. Social perception works in three steps. The first step is the observer will watch the behavior or the observed...
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...Ethnic Group Conflict Brooke Stevens PSY/450 Michele Wagner In current events, the United States and Iraq have not always been on the best of terms. However, each country seems to have its own similarities and differences when compared to one another. The following will address those similarities and differences, along with the concept of conformity, social perception and social cognition, and to wrap it up with social perceptions that will need to be addressed in hopes to resolve the current conflict. Similarities and differences Although the United States is a more powerful country than Iraq, and also larger than Iraq, the two have issues that are similar and some which are different to each other. For example, the population is smaller than that of the United States. The school systems are slightly different; class sizes are around the same as the classes in the United States, however girls attend girls only schools and do not advance after the fifth grade. Girls are not allowed to go out much without an older male figure alongside with them. In the United States, it depends on the parental units as to when a child is allowed to leave the house for leisurely purposes and whether or not another individual is to go with him or her. The types of fun children have in Iraq compared to that of the children's fun in America are slightly similar. Iraqi boys play soccer, boxing, and video games as long as the electricity is operable. Iraqi girls however can...
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...Globalization and ethnicity WRITER NAME Effect of globalization on ethnic conflicts Instructor’s name, Date. Does Globalization lead to greater ethnic-based conflicts? How is ethnicity defined? Introduction The advent of globalization characterized by industrialization and modernization has made the world flat bridging the gap between time and space. The world therefore has awoken to a collective consciousness brought about by infrastructural and technological advancements. Theoretically this has broken down peoples ethnic local identities and made them races of a wider world. The less anticipated issue has arisen of re-energized and persistent local conflicts that have flared against communities brought about by cultures, politics and fight for natural resources. Body Ethnic conflicts have time and again troubled the world from Sudan, Indonesia, Kenya, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Northern Ireland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ivory Coast, Liberia and countless other locations making conflict resolution a very important duty of the international community. A big question by analysts is whether the ease of communication has made it easier to report issues of ethnic conflicts thereby making it look like it’s on the rise while what has improved is the reporting mechanism. Of importance however is whether the accuracy of reporting events as they happen has brought about increased awareness from...
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...From Ethnic Conflict to Genocide Individuals are mostly identified by their religion, culture, race and most importantly, their ethnicity. They would be labeled by what country or race they represent. Over the past decades, many ethnic conflicts have occurred and are still occurring in the world today due to political reasoning. When there are at least two ethnic communities called multiethnic or multisectarian, who realize they cannot form their own independent countries, they would change their geographical locations. But there is no guarantee that both ethnic groups will solve their conflicts by moving in different parts of the region. Each ethnic group competes for power, authority, resources and political independence, which lead up to deep conflicts between ethnic groups and even dehumanization. Each ethnic conflict is associated with deep emotions such as hatred, bitterness, resentment, anger and aggression. Political leaders play a significant role in identifying ethnicities. Such leaders commit violent acts for the sake of their group and victimize their followers. There are also political extremists who are only self-concerned and tend to disregard others’ lives through horrific actions. According to political psychologists, extremists have a variety of personal characteristics. They are not mentally sick. They are insane and are capable of evil behavior because they do not have any empathy for anybody. In Milgram’s experiment on power of authority, personality...
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...Evaluating the role of ethnic identity in explaining the occurrence of contemporary civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. High hopes for many newly independent states of Africa became diminished as the 1990s saw over a quarter of the continent's states facing armed insurgencies within their borders (Young, 2002: 534). Commentators often point to pathological, deep-seated hatreds in an African tribal mosaic as the bases of such conflict. The fact is, however, that the continent is awash with political grudges, ethnically-framed and otherwise, but civil wars rarely break out. Thus this essay seeks to take a more nuanced approach to understand the analytical challenge posed by such disorder. Starting out by countering the centrality of ethnic identity, it firstly seeks to demonstrate that ethnic identities do not exist primordially, but that they are constructed on weak foundations. Secondly it endeavours to show that where cleavages do exist along lines of cultural difference, simple heterogeneity is insufficient to account for the outbreak of conflict. Next, it moves to underline the fact that more important in explaining civil conflict is whether such conflict is feasible. This is understood both in terms of the perceived capacity of the state and in terms of the viability of insurgency for would-be rebels. A final conclusion will then be expounded that ethnicity is not a central factor, but that it is simply one of a number of strategies under which conflict may be framed in the...
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...Article Analysis 1 Shaina Simmons Wayne State University The article that I choose to read, “Racial and ethnic perceptions of injustice: Testing the for hypotheses of comparative conflict theory” is a study done by Kevin Buckler and James D. Unnever. Buckler and Unnever (2008) used comparative conflict theory to explain racial and ethnic variation in perceptions of injustice. They looked at the comparative conflict theory that Hagan, Shedd, and Payne (2005) proposed that “White respondents perceive considerably less injustice than both Africa Americans and Hispanics and that African American perceive less injustice than Hispanics.” Another one of their hypothesis was that “prior criminal justice experiences serve as a “tipping point” for Hispanics in the Hispanics with prior negative criminal justice contacts will perceive more injustice than African Americans with similar prior negative experiences” (Hagan,Shedd,& Payne, 2005). Buckler and Unnever took these three hypothesis and tested them trying to find support for the claims on racial-ethnic divide and racial-gradient hypothesis. They did not however test the differential sensitivity hypothesis. They first assessed the racial-ethnic divide and the racial-ethnic gradient hypothesis by examining whether African Americans and Hispanics perceive more injustice than Whites while controlling for the other covariates. They asked respondents “two questions about minority treatment by police and...
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...The Solution to Ethnic and Racial Civil Conflict Jacqueline Zhang GOVT 150W Introduction to International Politics Introduction Within a period of three months in 1994, an estimated five to eight hundred thousand people were killed as a result of civil war and genocide in Rwanda. Large numbers were physically and psychologically afflicted for life through maiming, rape and other trauma; over two million fled to neighboring countries and maybe half as many became internally displaced within Rwanda. This human suffering was and is incomprehensible. Similar ethnic and racial civil conflicts have deeply scarred countries and are threatening to break out in many places around the globe. Too much blood has been shed for ethnic and racial causes and too many have died in ethnic and racial wars. In accordance to the constructivist model of nationalism, identity (re)construction solves ethnic and racial civil conflict. Definition For the purpose of demonstrating how identity (re)construction solves ethnic and racial civil conflicts, “solve” can be defined as 1) to explain and 2) to put an end to, settle. In addition, “explain” means to make clear the cause, origin or reason of. Furthermore, an ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics...
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...Exploring the Ethnic Diversity in Shakira’s Song ( Objection) Literary studies in English Dr. Shanthini Pillai Feras Ismail Ali P61421 Review: Over the ages, humans migrated from place to place. Between 1700s to 1800s have been substantial migrations among the world. One of these migrations was the Latin Americans to United State of America. By the time the number of Latin Americans increased to reach 30 million with different ancestral, cultural background and traditions, those immigrants establish their own heritage, customs, traditions and values to build their own identity. This raises the concept of panethnicity. Panethnicity is a collection of different small identities which form a community. The different ethnicities in panethnic community have similarities in their customs, values, language and music. ( Andrea Bedoya, 2007, P1). Shakira and her family was one of the families who migrate to USA, when she became a famous singer all over the world, she tries to maintain her origins and culture through her lyrics and symbols in her songs. These movements of different origins and parts created diasporas who have to maintain their roots with their origin land, looking for their ancestral land and culture although they have to cope with the new land and culture, Shakira in her song presented these feelings clearly through the music, lyrics, setting, clothes, instruments and dancing. She tries to save her culture through singing. Karim (1998, P2) argued that “diasporas...
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...reasons for ethnic conflict and what are the solutions for their resolve? Reasons for ethnic conflict are “internal strife tied to cultural such as values, goals, and practices, tribal animosities between Nigeria and Rwanda, religious conflicts between India and Lebanon, and other ethnic animosities such as racial prejudice with in South Africa.” (2011, p.94-95) A solution for their resolve is “democratic, mature, and enlightened political leadership, a spirit of compromise, and the implementation of politically negotiated solutions such as federalism (“a system of government that emanates from the desire of people to form a union without necessarily losing their various identities.” 2011, p.119) and consociational democracy. “(“A careful division of political power designed to protect the rights of all participants. Which involves: The leaders of all important ethnic groups must form a ruling coalition at the national level, Each group has veto power over government policy, or at least over policies that affect them, Government funds and public employment, such as the civil service, are divided between ethnicities, with each receiving a number of posts roughly proportional to its population and Each ethnic group is afforded a high degree of autonomy over its own affairs.” 2011, p. 120) (2011, p.130) What conditions must be present for a state of relative concord to exist? The conditions are for them to “establishing a basis for coexistence between these groups which unearth...
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...widespread tendency for people to favour their own group over another group. This tendency has been variously labelled as ethnocentrism, intergroup bias, in‐group favouritism or in‐group /out group differentiation. It denotes a cultural narrowness in which the ethnically centred individual rigidly accepted those of the in‐group while rejecting those of the out‐group. In other words, Ethnocentrism is the point of view that one's own way of life is to be preferred to all others. Flowing logically from the process of early enculturation, it characterizes the way most individuals feel about their own culture, whether or not they verbalize their feeling. Therefore this essay will discuss what is understood by the term ethnocentrism and show how Ethnocentrism is bad in national politics. Firstly will define what ethnocentrism is, and discuss fully what is understood by the term. Secondly will show how ethnocentrism is bad for national politics. Thereafter a clear and concise conclusion will be drawn. Different scholars have given their understanding of the term ethnocentrism. According to anthropologists, the concept combines the belief that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures, with the practice of judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture (Den Van, 1970). Ethnocentrism is also defined as a feeling that one’s own group has a mode of living, values and patterns of adaptation that are superior to other groups. Ethnocentrism is a human universal phenomenon...
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...Criminal Justice System, race and gender are always accounted for in court proceedings. As Smith in 1997 said, “the apparent ‘fairness’ of the criminal justice system does not mean that the outcomes will necessarily be unbiased”. Tonry in 1997 found that even though certain ethnic groups are far more often caught in the net of criminal justice than others, they have elevated rates of official offending which differ from one country to another. The major ethnic group in Britain and Wales being black people whose families originated from the Caribbean in the 1940’s. (cited in the Oxford Handbook). Black people find themselves subject to rules made for them by white people, it is also the same for other groups living in the same culture, e.g. it seems to be men that make the rules for the women in society, even though this seems to be changing in the United States. Foreign-born people often have their rules made for them by the Protestant Anglo-Saxon minority. The middle-class seem to make all the rules which must be obeyed by the vast majority - in the schools, the courts, etc. There are many models proposed within the criminology field that focus on the issue of discrimination. The first is the conflict theory....
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...This chapter focuses on various incidents of politics surrounding cultural pluralism and ethnic conflict that have occurred in least developed countries. (LDCs) Cultural pluralism refers to ethnic diversity. It’s defined as a condition in which many cultures co-exist within a society and maintain their cultural differences. It can also be called multiculturalism. Cultural pluralism seeks to overcome racism, sexism, and other forms of discrimination. Cultural pluralism has been closely linked to the growth of the middle class and the emergence of politicians who articulated nationalist or other ethnic aspirations while mobilizing workers and peasants behind that ideal. The fear of and hostility toward other ethnic groups are far older and often more entrenched than modern principles of tolerance or equality under the law. No matter how we may wish for it otherwise, we did not leave violence against outsiders behind us as our nations became modern and democratic. Ethnic minorities have been victimized for hundreds of years. One needs only look to the nineteenth-century frontier wars between White settlers and Native Americans in the United States and Chile. Ethnic Conflict Incidents In the early years of the twenty-first century (2000s), like the first decades of the twentieth century (1900s), much of the Third World suffered from ethnic, racial, and religious tensions periodically punctuated by outbreaks of brutality and carnage. When progress was made in one...
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...Ethno-Religious Conflict The increase in ethnic conflicts around the world is a reality. The conflicts that arise from ethnicity-related factors now are as important as issues that substantially determine the course of international relations, such as political and economic globalization, the balance of power, regionalization, terrorism, and the spread of weapons of mass destruction. Ethnic conflicts can have an important religious dimension. Religion is potentially a very important element of ethnicity; in fact, some ethnic groups have their primary origin in religion. 5 The salience of religion to ethnicity is illustrated in Kashmir. The identification of an ethnic group is determined by common perceptions among its members. Conflict among these groups carries an ethnic quality to it. If there is a primary religious difference among the conflictual parties, ethnic conflict can assume a specifically religious dimension—labeled by Fox as ‘‘ethnoreligious’’ conflicts. 6 Kashmir is a prime example of this type of conflict. There are several definitions of ethnicity, ethnic conflict, and ethno-religious conflict. We have presented some definitions about ethnic and ethno-religious conflicts on which there is a fair consensus. However, there is no consensus among students of ethnic conflict as to the causes of these conflicts. To a certain extent, agreement exists that some combination of economic, political, and psychological factors can explain ethnic conflict. 7 However...
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...criteria for ethnic groups but there is no clear-cut definition of ethnicity. To begin, an ethnic group needs to be: predominantly self-perpetuating, having core cultural values which serve as communicating and interacting tools and a membership that can be self-identifying. Also, ethnic groups have some specific particularities that they share like their historical background, their physical location, the concentration of ethnic group and their identity through values and cultural traits. Some ethnic groups have a name for their group. One of the most important characteristics of those ethnic...
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...You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.hwspeed.com/Devry-SOCS-350-Final-Exam-2015-OCTOBER-04040444120.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Question SOCS350 final exam age 1 Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2, and 8) The form of discrimination based on the belief that some group or groups are innately inferior or superior is called _____ discrimination. (Points : 5) ideological or individual gender or racial egalitarian or unequal institutionalized or structural Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2, and 8) A category of people distinguished by inheritable physical characteristics that sets them apart from other groups in the society is called _____. (Points : 5) an ethnic group a racial group White ethnics culturally different Question 3.3. (TCOs 3 and 4) Cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality, is/are _____. (Points : 5) values norms ideology symbols Question 4.4. (TCOs 6 and 7) Intermarriage or interbreeding between persons of different racial groups is _____. (Points : 5) discrimination polygyny monogamy miscegenation Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Becoming a nurse or physician is an example of a(n) _____ status. (Points : 5) socioeconomic achieved gender ascribed Question 6.6. (TCO 8) The ability to enforce one's will on others over their resistance is the _____ dimension of social stratification. (Points : 5) ...
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