...The topic of discussion on the effects of child development will be on race and ethnicity. This paper will explain how society views on race, and ethnicity has a major key impact on how children are viewed in our society. Race and ethnicity is a factor in a child’s life even when reaching adulthood they still will continue to deal with it. It depends on which group gets it more, or knows how to better cope with the racial and ethnic inequities. There are parts where it can have a negative outlook on the child. It can affect children socioeconomically, educationally, and causes the child to have to deal with criminal justice system. Race and ethnicity in certain parts of the world have pros and cons. We just don’t realize it can leave a long...
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...achievement are there for students of different ethnicities? Learning targets: • Different ethnic groups appear to have differing levels of achievement in school. Overall, the ethnicities of attainment are White, Chinese and Indian heritage students. • There has been concern about the achievement levels of certain Black minorities: in particular, African Caribbeans and Bangladeshi students under-attain in schools. • Sociologists have difficulty in measuring the impact of ethnicity on achievement because other factors may be involved. Poverty, class and cultural factors may all form part of reasons why some Black ethnic groups underperform. Key questions (AO1) What is ethnicity? (AO1) What patterns of attainment on the basis of ethnicity are there? (AO2) Is the education system institutionally racist? (AO2) What other social factors may influence ethnic attainment? Summary of key points Ethnicity is a word used in sociology to describe the culture that you belong to. Everyone has an ethnicity. For most people in Barry, this ethnicity or sense of belonging to a culture is Welsh. Some people have more than one ethnicity; they might be Welsh/Chinese or English/African. The majority ethnicity in Britain is white British. People who do not fit into that group are said to belong to an ethnic minority. There are many ethnicities in Britain. The majority of the UK population in...
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...Assess sociological explanations of the relationship between ethnicity and educational performance in Britain. Sociologists have traditionally placed strong focus on the effects of race and ethnicity on a wide range of social outcomes to conclude genuine reasons for the educational under-achievement of some pupils. Ethnicity refers to a shared culture, religion, language or geography. At GCSE level, students that received their average 5 A*-C grades showed that it was Chinese students that are the most successful, followed by Indian, White, Pakistani/Bangladeshi students and then lastly Afro-Caribbean origin students. Another factor I studied in the past was whether gender has an effect on educational achievement and to my surprise it links to this category of explanation as in every social group (expect Asian pupils) females perform better then males. However it is clear that Afro-Caribbean, Pakistani, Gypsy and Bangladeshi students are less likely to gain A-levels and then go on to attend university. Lastly there is evidence suggesting that gypsy students are by far the lowest achievers in the education system. Cultural deprivation theory claims that the underachievement of some ethnic groups is caused by inadequate socialisation in the home. This consists of two main aspects; these are intellectual and language skills and attitudes, values and family structure. This theory claims that children from low-income black families’ lack intellectual stimulation. This means that...
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...put forward. Ethnicity refers to the shared cultural traditions and history, which are distinct from other groups in society. The level of achievement of different ethnic groups varies. This may be due to factors such as home background, class, language and in-school factors. Recent studies highlight the effects of racism. Ethnicity influences factors that lead to an impact on education. There are many reasons for educational underachievement and it has been said that ethnicity is one of these key factors. Item A suggests that Chinese and Indian pupils are of higher educational achievement than Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Black pupils. One possible cause of ethnic differences in education could be at the fault of the education system. To investigate this Sewell carried out a study using semi-structured interviews and observations in an inner-city boys’ comprehensive school. His study revealed the ways in which African-Caribbean students are labelled by their teachers, peers and white students as ‘problems’ in the classroom. Sewell showed how Black boys use these negative perceptions to construct different responses to school based on their own ‘masculine’ images. Many of these belong in the anti-school culture, such as conformists and rebels, all in favour of gang culture. However some sociologists are critical of this study in that they feel Sewell is blaming ‘black-culture’ for the educational failure as opposed to recognising racism within the education system. Another reason...
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...is how different categories of individuals are prescribed by the society. The society uses basic characteristics such as gender, sex, education, and ethnicity among other factors in order to categorize an individual. The social inequalities determine the access to limited goods such as market labor force, education, health care facilities, and other forms of participation in the society. Different forms of social inequalities are constructs of geographical distribution, and status within the country, however, cultural aspects, mostly integrated with cultural identities, of society are perceived to be the major contributor of social inequality. Discourses have, therefore, been raised on whether the poor deserve to be poor or not and whether the rich deserve to be rich or not. In order to address this question, I examined different dimensions of social inequalities in my life such as social class, educational level, and race among other factors. In this paper, I will also try to bring out understanding of different theories in attempt to explain social stratification. A comparison will be done between different perspectives through interviews and my own perspective of social inequalities. In essence all factors discussed in this paper show a link between social inequalities and different factors such as economic and political system. Trends such as widening inequalities among the groups are associated with low standards of national cohesion and patriotism in the society. It is for...
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...For example, Indians uphold the caste system that divides the society based on lineage. People in this community observe social class keenly and do not marry from a different one. Aside from this, social class is mediated by social factors such as the family of origin and socioeconomic factors (Berg et al., 2005). They are fluid constructs that vary across national and social contexts. On the other hand, ethnicity encompasses some biological characteristics. For example, a white is born of at least one white parent. Thus, physical and skin color characteristics have an effect on ethnicity (Berg et al., 2005). Aside from this, ethnicity is self-defined because people can easily be identified racially but not ethnically. For instance, an individual in the United States can be identified as Latina, but it would be hard to recognize him or her as Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Salvadoran. On the other hand, in individual societies, people quickly identify the social classes members belong to without even knowing their...
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...Race and ethnicity, gender and age, and social class in the United States shape the experience surprisingly. This reality has been generally archived in consider and, to some degree, is commonly understood. New studies interpret race and ethnicity, gender and age, and social class in the United States are interlocking classifications of experience that influence all parts of life; along these lines, they all the while structure the encounters surprisingly in the public eye. At any minute, race, ethnicity, class, age or sex may feel more notable or important in every individual life, yet they are covering and aggregate on their impact on individuals' encounters. Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Age and Class observation invites us to distinguish between...
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...processes within the school are the main cause of differences in the educational achievement of different social groups. It is clear that there are differences in educational achievement of certain social groups, such as gender, ethnicity, and social class. Some may argue that this is due to internal factors, reasons from within the education system. However, others argue that the differences are due to external factors, which occur outside of the education system. An internal factor that causes difference in educational achievement is labelling. This is when a teacher makes assumptions about a student and treats them accordingly to that assumption. An example of this is the fact that teachers label boys as more disruptive than girls. Teachers communicate with girls more positively because they see them as being more co-operative. This can then raise girl’s self esteem which raises their achievement. Teachers have lower expectations of boys, and expect them to misbehave more often. Becky Francis found that while boys got more attention in class, they were disciplined more harshly and felt picked on by teachers. This would lead to them retaliating with bad behaviour, thus lowering their achievements. Labelling can also happen to people due to their ethnicity. Gillborn found that teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils than others for the same behaviour. Gillborn and Youdell found that this is the result of teacher’s radicalised expectations. They expected black students...
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...AQA AS Sociology SCLY2: Education with Sociological Research Methods Student Guide Introduction According to sociologist Michael Rutter we spend 15000 hours in the education system. Consequently the schooling process has a large role in forming our personalities. For some, education also manages to act as a way of socialising people into the norms and values that are seen to be important for a particular society. For others it can be seen as a source of conflict particularly when issues surrounding gender, class and ethnicity are put under the sociologists, ‘microscope’. It also provides an excellent indicator of how political ideology affects social policy, with the changing of governments impacting on educational policy. Some questions sociologists are interested in about education are: * Why do some pupils achieve more than others? * What is the relationship between education and the economy? * What is the purpose of education? * Do pupil’s school experiences vary? Assessment The course will be assessed by examination only. The examination will consist of various short answer question and essay style questions. Date of Exam: June 2010 Duration: 2 hr The Unit 2 exam is worth 60% of your final AS level grade. There will be 90 marks available on the paper. You will answer one question on the chosen topic, one question on sociological research methods in context and one question on research methods. Assessment Objectives ...
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...levels of inequality. A number of studies show that class, race and gender are crucial factors in determining how British pupils succeed at both school and after. Boys are behind girls in 11 out of 13 different learning categories by the young age of 5, black pupils who are from a Caribbean descent are at least three times more likely to be excluded, children from the poorest families are over half as likely to achieve...
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... EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT MEXICANS- with a population of 28%, Mexican Americans make up nearly two-thirds of this Hispanic population in the unites stated AFRICAN AMERICANS – African American have made tremendous progress but remain disadvantaged. The expected lifetime earnings of African-American men are significantly lower than those of white mean, and housing segregation remains substantial. The full integration of African Americans is unlikely in the foreseeable future, primarily because of continuing social and economic barriers and low rates of interracial marriages. RACE OR CLASS? Are opportunities’ for African-American economics advancement affected more by race or by class position? AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKAN NATIVES- Native American peoples very substantially their history, lifestyle, kin systems, language, political arrangements, religion, economy, current circumstances, and identities. They are the most severely disadvantages of ANY population within the United States. Poverty and unemployment rates are high. ASIAN AMERICANS- The Average family income of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Americans in the second and subsequent generations is almost...
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...“To what extent is the British education system fair?” In this essay I will be discussing, how fair the British education system is. I will be considering factors such as social class, ethnicity and gender. These factors will allow me to come about with a just opinion. The child’s parent’s occupation has a huge impact on the child’s success through the education system. Initially if the parents are middle class and occupy jobs like a Dentist or are owners of a business, there children are supposedly better off and will achieve better grades on average. However the fraction of people that are working-class and send their children to state school, unfortunately perform poorer than those children who attend private education. Also classes within private schools are more than half the size of classes inside state schools, allowing pupils to receive more attention from the teacher resulting in higher grades but this comes at an expensive price that would be very costly for working class parents. Furthermore there are other factors that could be affecting students from working-class backgrounds externally. For instance they may live in a council flat which does not provide a lot of privacy, causing disruptions when trying to complete revision or homework. These factors can subsequently effect there grades. In addition to this some ethnicities have an advantage from their cultural background, specifically Asians who have been taught constantly to work hard and study no matter...
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...Educational achievement is influenced by a variety of factors, each of which is interwoven with another. Gender influences educational achievement for a variety of reasons and in a number of different ways. I intend to describe the ways in which educational achievement differs between males and females and the possible reasons for this variation between the sexes. Social class and ethnicity also play important parts in affecting the achievement of individuals and groups. I intend to discuss their affects on results seen in education and the way in which these factors are interwoven with one another. I will highlight the importance of each of these factors in determining the achievement of individuals and groups in education and the reasons behind their importance. Over the last ten years, the gender gap between the achievement of males and females in education has been growing in developed countries. (Gibb, Fergusson and Horwood, 2008) On average, girls in England achieve better results in most subjects at all levels of education. The issue is not confined to the UK as the problem also presents itself in other countries. (Machin and McNally, 2005) Women in the USA have continued to be more educated than men since the mid 1970’s. (Charles and Luoh, 2003 in Machin and McNally, 2005) Females attain more school and post school qualifications than males and also attend university in higher numbers. (Alton-Lee and Pratt, 2001, in Gibb, Fergusson and Horwood, 2008) National statistics...
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...good creation. To allow this system—in which some receive advantages simply because of skin color—to go unchecked is to deny that God made all people in God’s own good image. 2 Race Race is a social and political reality, not a biological or genetic reality. There is widespread agreement among scholars that race, as understood in the United States, is a social construct – rather than an objective, scientifically or biologically consistent characteristic of a person or group of persons. 3 Race How is it that there is such certainty about a concept that is so poorly defined? There is no agreement among scholars about a biological or physiological definition that can be sustained. 4 Race “Present-day inequalities between so-called ‘racial’ groups are not consequences of their biological inheritance but products of historical and contemporary social, economic, educational, and political circumstances.” American Anthropological Association 2006 5 Race Rewards—indicators of well-being—in the U.S. are based on racial group more than on any other characteristic or association. The National Urban League’s annual “Equality Index” compares the conditions of black and white Americans in 5 areas (health, wealth, education, social justice, civic engagement), using whites as the standard at 1.0 For 2010, the index for black Americans = .718 6 Race Because the term “race” is so difficult, many people use other terms – such as ethnicity, culture,...
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...others through traits they develop. The route in which characters are seen by others is based on three traits; their sex, ethnicity, and individual achievements. Once a character has been built,...
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