...What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 1. Ethnographic research and Linguistic ethnographic. - Ethnography is the in-depth study of naturally occurring behavior within a culture or social group. It seeks to understand the relationship between culture and behavior; with culture referring to the beliefs, values and attitudes of a specific group of people. - Ethnographic research usually involves observing target users in their natural, real-world setting, rather than in the artificial environment of a lab or focus group. The aim is to describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group over time to understand the group’s shared beliefs, behaviors, and language. Wilson (1982) identifies the roots of ethnography in anthropology and sociology. Wilson related the tradition ecological hypothesis and the quantitative – phenomenological hypothesis. - As a term designating a particular configuration of interests within the broader field of socio- and applied linguistics, ‘linguistic ethnography’ (LE) is a theoretical and methodological development orientating towards particular, established traditions but defining itself in the new intellectual climate of late modernity and post-structuralism. According to Rampton (2004, p. 2) Linguistic ethnography generally holds that language and social life are mutually shaping, and that close analysis of situated language...
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...Naturalistic Observations Jesicca Jupin Argosy University ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is an overview of ethnographic lessons. The subject of this report is to witness individuals in a local restaurant in order to find some varieties of ethnic types pertaining to the witnessed individuals. This assignment involves observation, explanation and a breakdown of what was perceived, possible employment, amount and site of individuals and the layout of the restaurant. In addition, this paper consists of an explanation of the used approach. INTRODUCTION As an overview into ethnographic, this disposition will reflect four areas, the research question, methodical transcripts, and an investigation to determine and refer to the perceived ethnic outlook, and recording and briefing the outcomes to take in conversation. DISCUSSION Research question: What was earned from this study? As a long-term citizen in this area, I am mindful of the degree of living in this diversely driven culture. I have connected with these people for 16 years. In keeping fairness, the procedure of recording anything that is witnessed and overheard is vital to providing accurate outcomes. Every effort will be thoroughly considered to reduce prejudice throughout the study of this ethnographic learning. Yet, independence is achieved and continuous through the rationality of the findings to draw the same rational conclusions. Location for the study: The observation was accomplished for the duration...
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...Communicating Design Research Knowledge: A Role for Ethnographic Writing Lois Frankel Concordia University & School of Industrial Design, Carleton University, Canada lois_frankel@carleton.ca Abstract: The recent use of ethnographic field research methods in design research practice reflects the growing interest of designers in the expressive Design researchers have not, however, exploited ethnographers to report their findings, but instead and cultural im pact of the artifacts they create. the "thick description" methods used by prefer to apply the results of design-driven ethnographic research directly to the development of new product concepts. This paper proposes that ethnographic representation methods , including innovative visual representations, offer untapped potential for design research reporting, not just field of historical design. Te in term s of facilitating com munications during the mpts by designers to make sense of the broader the potential of ethnographic design process, but also as a record of ongoing atte representation methods for design. Keywords: Ethnography in design, Ethnographic writing, Ethnographic representation st projects by design students show 1. Introduction Ethnography is often viewed as a specialized area within reveal and preserve cultural knowledge, using methods such the larger activity of cultural anthropology, seeking to as interviewing or cultural submersion to discover important values. Since design is also a profession...
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...2014/2015 ------------------------------------------------- MA in Human Resources & Consulting Assessed Work Declaration Form This form should be attached to the front of all work submitted for assessment. Name: | Chao Sun | Library card number: | 31434921 | Coursework Title: | Paper 1 Paper 2 Research Essay Consulting Project Dissertation Proposal Dissertation | Tutor: | Dr Valerie Stead | * All submissions for coursework assessment should be your own work. * Any copying from the work of others will be heavily penalized. * Allowing other students to copy your work will also be penalized. I hereby confirm that I have read and understood the University’s regulations relating to plagiarism (as summarized in the MA in Human Resources and Consulting Participant Handbook) and that the work to which this declaration is attached is my own. Signature of Student: | | Qualitative Research Methods Review Taking “The Supportive expatriate spouse” as a case Introduction This Review is aimed at analyzing the qualitative research methods used in “The supportive expatriate spouse” by Jakob Lauring and Jan Selmer (2010).The specific research elements will be discussed in perspectives of suitability, benefits, limitations and ethical issues in context of the authors’ research. Research Methods The research question of the above article is to investigate the...
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...Ethnographic Observation TSL 4520 Grading Rubric Background (Milde, R., 2001) Common wisdom tells us that there are, in general, two kinds of writing: creative and expository. Creative writing tells about feelings, opinions, points of view, things that originate inside the writer. Expository essays tell about facts, things outside of the writer. Essays on literature examine a literary text, a thing outside the writer. Lab reports describe experiments with chemicals and other stuff that really exists and can be measured. Research is factual; fiction, poetry, and the personal story are emotional. Wrong. Writing is not that simple. The farther you go in your academic or professional career, the less you are able to simply report what you see. The more you know about your chosen field, the more you realize that the researcher argues for his/her point of view even as he/she reports the facts. When we ask how to provide medical care, how to enforce the law, how to work in the legal profession, how to do science, how to educate children – when we ask how any profession should be done – there is always more than one possible answer. We have to decide which answers work best, and the research almost always provides some evidence for both (or many) sides. Facts mean nothing without interpretation – we have to decide what the facts mean, what their consequences are. So we need to get used to using facts, not just reporting them. We need to write expository essays that include...
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...Anthropology 202 Fall 2015 Instructor: Ian Kalman Written Assignment: Ethnographic Observation This assignment is an exercise in ethnographic observation. Students are asked to choose a location in the Montreal area for a field site. There, they will spend at least an hour, taking (hand-written) notes on what they observe. Successful sites are those in which, to some extent, what is considered ‘normal’ differs from the observer’s own sense of normal. In other words, students are asked to go to a place where taken-for-granted knowledge differs from their own and report on their experiences and insights. In doing so, you make something that was previously strange slightly more familiar, and write about it. Students are then asked to write their papers in two parts, including both a description and analysis of their experience (total 1800 words maximum). Analyses should be no more than 400 words. Papers will be assigned a grade based on the success with which they, (1) demonstrate they have chosen a site appropriate for anthropological observation, (2) richly describe what they observed, and (3) draw out and support interesting interpretations rooted in their experience. Assignments count for 30% of the student’s final grade. Unexcused late submissions will be penalized five points per day of lateness. Papers must be submitted in word format electronically before 2:30PM on Tuesday, October 20th. Please note that as this is an electronic submission, you will be...
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...Background…………………………………………..……………………………………………4 Preparing and Adapting to the Field..……………………………………………………………..5 Medical Anthropology Fieldwork Methodology...………………………………………………..6 Ethnographic Fieldwork Data Analysis …………………………………………………………..9 Reflective Comments/ Conclusion……………………………………………………….…….....9 References………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Targeting Breast Cancer among African American Women in Nash County: A Proposal to Identify Enabling and Reinforcing Factors of Seeking Preventative Screening Services Introduction Ethnographic field work is an excellent strategy in understanding and describing a cultural group. Field work is also an asset in performing a needs assessment in the planning phase of developing health promotion interventions. As described by Bailey (2002), “ethnographic techniques are integral tools for galvanizing and mobilizing communities for social action relative to generating a promotion and disease prevention agenda.” (Bailey, 2002) This paper serves as a proposal to conduct a medical anthropology field work project to assess reinforcing and enabling factors that promote the use of early detection and preventative breast cancer screening services among African American women. The study design consists of a qualitative ethnographic approach utilizing observation and focus group methodology. This project consists of conducting a focus group with a group of African American women age 40-65 years of age at a Nash County church, who regularly...
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...the workings of an organization; • become more conscious of the relationship of social roles, institutional dynamics, and larger cultural systems. When students return to campus, Field Study Seminar assists students in analyzing and interpreting their experiences, culminating in a major academic paper. An HDSR field study differs from a conventional internship or practicum in important ways. The main difference lies in the purpose. The primary purpose of a conventional internship or practicum is for the student to perform a job and learn skills that will be useful in a future career. In contrast, the HDSR Field Study is an ethnographic research project. Its main purpose is for the student to hone his or her analytical skills and gain insight into the dynamics of the organization in larger societal context. That is not to say that the job, in and of itself, is not important. HDSR students are expected to work diligently, and make every effort to contribute to the organization in positive ways, along with the added dimension of observing and analyzing the organization. An HDSR field study might be thought of as a conventional internship/practicum, volunteer or paid position, plus ethnographic fieldwork. There are two HDSR Faculty members with whom you will work closely during all phases of your Field Study. Each has specific roles and responsibilities, depending on each stage of your Field Study—Pre, During, or Post—and each will assist you in meeting your responsibilities along the...
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...Ethnographic Interview Paper Assignment Purpose: Purpose of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive insight of another culture and its influence on an individual’s psychological process – therefore, how does a particular culture(s) influence an individual’s cognition, emotion, motivation, behavior, self-concept, etc. Exploring/challenging personal assumptions and feelings about a particular culture and its members. Instructions: CHOOSE A CULTURAL SCENE WITH WHICH YOU ARE NOT FAMILIAR. Choose someone to interview who is quite different from you primarily in some cultural domain. As expected, this person must identify as an Asian American. This person cannot be a family member or a close friend. Tell him/her that the interview is a class project, that his/her name will be kept confidential, and that you are interested in learning about his/her experiences and thoughts about his/her cultural background. Tell your interviewee that you would like to conduct the interview in a setting that s/he finds comfortable (e.g., workplace, home, coffee shop, etc.). BEFORE THE INTERVIEW, formulate general questions that you will ask your interviewee. Your questions should be based on two themes: 1) relevant background information such as age, gender, family, occupational, and immigrant history, and 2) specific cultural scene of interest. For example, if you are interested in the racial identity development of an Asian American college student. You might want to...
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...Upon further review of my past papers, I found some small grammatical errors that needed to be edited. In my unit one paper, there were a few errors that you had marked. I fixed those oversights then continued on with my revisions. In the second paragraph, I moved a comment to after a citation section in order to back up the information with my own thoughts as I had learned a little further in the semester. Another change I had made was to change a word that was repeated multiple times in a sentence. I also revised unit twos paper. I had received a perfect score on my paper, but upon rereading, I noticed a few things that I felt should be changed. They were not big changes, but I believe the modifications helped the information flow better than it had originally. One change I had made was to change “get rid of” to “eliminate.” The main thing I learned to apply this semester was to avoid using many words when only one is needed. This was my first semester in a real school situation, so I was unsure on how well I would do. I would say that I am most proud of my grades that I have received on my papers. I feel like I worked hard on all of my papers and I am glad my hard work paid off. I learned a lot about the whole writing process and feel as if I applied it all in my writing. I really enjoyed writing the ethnographic analysis essay. I originally was not looking forward to it because of the observation time and the length of the paper. After I had chosen a topic...
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...Questions for Tutorial 3 1. What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 2. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on the following points: * The research question * The contexts the research was conducted * What is group or case under study? * What conceptual and theoretical frame works inform the study? * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? 3. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on: * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? * What analysis strategies were developed and used? what levels and types of context were attended to in interpretation? - What recurrent patterns are described? - What cultural interpretation is provided? - What are the stated implications for teaching? Question 1.What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ethnographic research is one form of qualitative research which concerns with studying human behavior...
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...In the following, different anthropologists have given their definition of the word. In her article, Audra Simpson (2016) define refusal as the revenge of consent. She bases her definition on her observation on the Kahnawà:ke Mohawks refusing to recognize Canada as their sovereign government (Simpson, 2016). In order for Canadian governance to be recognize by the Kahnawà:ke Mohawk , there must be a consent from the Mohawk people giving the Canadian government permission to protect them and their interest in exchange for their loyalty and renouncing their self-governance (Simpson, 2016). However, it becomes problematic when one consider the history of broken promises, unauthorized consent and unfairness between indigenous people and the Canadian government. This creates a mistrust toward the state (Simpson, 2016). Therefore, it is understandable the Mohawks people refusal to accept Canada as their government since they never consent to the...
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...Towards a Definition of Socio-Economic Research for the RESPECT Project A draft working paper by Ursula Huws, RESPECT Project Director Introduction The term ‘socio-economic research’ is in widespread use in the European Commission’s work programmes and elsewhere. In the Fourth Framework Programme, for instance, there was a programme entitled ‘Targeted Socio-Economic Research’ (TSER) and in the Fifth Framework Programme there were numerous calls for proposals to carry out socio-economic research related to Information Society Technologies (in the IST Programme) and to other issues of relevance to EU policy. At national level, there are also economic and social research funding councils in most European Countries. However, nowhere in this documentation, as far as I can tell, is any definition offered of ‘socio-economic research’. For the purposes of the RESPECT project, however, it is necessary to have some sort of functional definition. This short discussion paper is designed as the first step towards the development of such a definition. As the project develops, this definition will be tested in relation to the actual practices of socio-economic researchers, whose activities, qualifications and professional affiliations will be profiled as part of the project’s work. In the meantime, a brief survey of projects described as socioeconomic research projects indicates that they cover a very broad range in relation to the backgrounds and qualifications of...
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...ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Catlett, S., & Lovan, S. (2011). Being a good nurse and doing the right thing: a replication study. Nursing Ethics, 18(1), 54-63. doi: 10.1177/0969733010386162 The authors of this article were one Shelia Catlett of Western Kentucky University and Fairview Community Clinic, USA and one Sherry R Lovan also from Western Kentucky University, USA. Both authors conducted a qualitative research study, which was also a replication of a study published in 2002, investigating the qualities of a good nurse and the role ethics plays in decision making. Ethics refers to the moral code for nursing and is based on obligation to service and respect for human life. Ethical Knowledge occurs as moral dilemmas arise in situations of ambiguity and uncertainty, and when consequences are difficult to predict (McEwen Wills, 2011). Ethics in nursing is used to guide and direct nurses conduct and practices. It requires experiential of social values and ethical reasoning. Its main focus is on matters of obligation, what ought to be done, what is right, wrong and responsible. The study implemented modification related to the research questions, sample selection, data collection and Atlas.ti software for qualitative data for the purpose of providing ease of coding, viewing, mapping and storing the data for retrieval analysis. The main focus of this replication study was to understand what it means to be a good nurse and do the right thing. This research provided...
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...Critical Article Review Penelope Baxter Adely, Fida, J. (2007). Is Music Haram? Jordanian Girls Educating Each Other About Nation, Faith, and Gender in School. Introduction Fida Adely was a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of International and Transcultural Studies at Teachers College but as of August 2007, she has been the Hala Salaam Clovis Maksoud Assistant Professory of Arab Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. Dr. Adely received her Ph.D. in Comparative Education and Anthropology from Columbia University. She is interested in education in the Middle East and Africa, especially areas that pertain to women, gender and culture. In this paper, Adely furthers her research on Jordanian schoolgirls. The abstract clearly states the purpose, the setting, the research design as well as the study’s conclusions and recommendations. The abstract outlines Dr. Adely’s intent to explore the importance of extracurricular activities, more specifically music, in the education of patriotism, faith and femininity in a female high school in Jordan Her qualitative study based on first-hand experience as well as conversation analysis is aimed at both the academic community and the general population interested in socio-cultural perspectives on education in the Middle East. Analysis Throughout her study, Adely builds primarily on her previous work from 2004, however she does cite literature from Kandiyoti (1991) and Ahmed (1992) among others....
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