...Desiree Bealer English 3 Pd 7th January 31, 2014 In the passage Lord Chesterfield reason for writing this is to inform the readers that his advice is not to harm us, but to help us. He is not trying to be like our parents, but to be our mentor and guide. Mr. Chesterfield is saying he has been through it and would like to help us as he repeats “I know “. Chesterfield use strong diction words such as moroseness, imperiousness, and garrulity to get his point across. The tone of this passage is understanding and sincere because Chesterfield starts to reminisce on his life mistakes and he tries to understand his son own life. While hoping to reach out to his son to be a better person. Chesterfield also tells his son that he better take the advice because without him he is nothing, no money, home, or education. Chesterfield also hopes that history want repeat itself by saying “neither have, nor can have a shilling in the world but from me “. On the other hand Lord Chesterfield has faith in his though about making good decisions for himself. Chesterfield tells his son he should push himself and strive to be excellent. Chesterfield tries not to dictate his son as a parent but to be his friend, because he knows how easy it is to not listen to your parent. Chesterfield also uses rhetorical questions to help and boost his son motivation to do better. In lines (35-41 0 Chesterfield tells his son he should use his education to come above any and everyone else “for can there...
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...problematic. And they have also a three fundamental units of musical speech: Motive (shortest division of theme or phrase), Phrase (three fundamental units of musical speech) and Period (can be short or long until the harmonic come to a close. Exact repeats depends what the composer wants on the music or they can variate the kinds of repetitions. The transposed repeats are made up of exact repeats of a motive, like in the example on the chapter 1 (Haydn). Also, the author compared an example to see about function of repetitions on Haydn’s. Haydn after 2 beats of silence, the gesture repeats the same. The notes are completely the same, but the meaning now it’s completely different. On music repeat a lot times means what it matters. Vocabulary: Repeat: To say again. Startles: To cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start. Grunt: To utter a deep guttural sound Sublime music: Inspiring awe; impressive. Compositional: The combining of distinct parts or elements to form a whole. Chapter 4: “Comma, Semicolon, Period.” On this chapter 4, the author compared music as the way we speak. When we write a speech or a poem we need to write with pauses and period to finish a sentence. On music it’s kind the same way. We need to have pauses and repeat sometimes. On the example of a dictionary of Music the word cadence defines the purely musical meaning of cadence as "A melodic or harmonic formula that occurs at the end of a section or a phrase conveying the impression of a momentary or permanent...
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...happiness to many people it can also affect people in an unpleasant way. This is because of earworms or brainworms as some call them, these are catchy pieces of music that continually repeats through a person's mind after it is no longer playing. In Musicophilia Oliver Sacks applies many great rhetorical devices throughout his writing to teach his readers about these strange brainworms. Sacks includes many powerful anecdotes about people's’...
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...1861 is one of the several poems in Walt Whitman’s anthology titled Leaves of Grass. Whitman uses several literary devices in this poem also. Arm’d year! Year of the struggle! First off, I would like to point out that in this sentence, Whitman classifies this as year as the year of the struggle, but then punctuates that “sentence” with an exclamation mark. Most times you see an exclamation mark, its purpose is to help you recognize excitement. Here however, it is used to show pure passion. This shows how passionate that Whitman was about this poem. No dainty rhymes or sentimental love verses for you, terrible year! Not you as some pale poetling, seated at a desk lisping cadenzas piano; I see some imagery here because Whitman is describing a poet sitting at a desk trying to learn how to play the piano but constantly playing the wrong notes. But as a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, carrying a rifle on your shoulder, I also see some imagery due to Whitman describing how the soldier looked in his eyes. With well-gristled body and sunburnt face and hands- with a knife in the belt at your side, Still, he is describing the appearance of the man as to help the reader to visualize what he is witnessing. As I heard you shouting loud - your sonorous voice ringing across the continent; I see a hyperbole and alliteration in this sentence. Shouting and sonorous are repetition of the S sound and they appear within close proximity therefore I classified this...
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...NTC 406 Week 3 Individual Assignment Bandwidth is a Rate at which electronic signals can travel through a medium, such as a wire, cable, or channel or capacity of network to transmit data on network. There are different transmissions medium such as audio video and voice. Bandwidth need is different in the all because these all are different data format. In analog transmission (such as of voice signals over copper telephone lines) bandwidth is measured in cycles per second (or Hertz); for example, a telephone conversation requires about 4,000 Hertz (4 KHz) of bandwidth. In digital transmission (such as of data from one computer to another) bandwidth is measured in bits per second (BPS); for example, modern modems can send and receive data at 56,000 bps (56 Kbps) over ordinary telephone lines. For the same amount of data, digital transmission requires more bandwidth than the analog transmission, and different types of data require very different bandwidths. For example, full motion video normally requires about 10 million bits per second (10 Mbps) bandwidth which is sufficient to carry 1,200 simultaneous telephone conversations. A typical voice signal has a bandwidth of approximately three kilohertz (3 kHz); an analog television (TV) broadcast video signal has a bandwidth of six megahertz (6 MHz) -- some 2,000 times as wide as the voice signal. Three bandwidth techniques involves are as like Traffic Management/QoS, Caching and Compression so these are different bandwidth...
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...Solutions to Chapter 5 1. Explain the difference between connectionless unacknowledged service and connectionless acknowledged service. How do the protocols that provide these services differ? Solution: In an acknowledged connectionless network, reliable delivery can be achieved through the use of ACK and NAK transmissions. Such protocols are suited for communication over networks in which higher layers are sensitive to loss and the underlying network is inherently unreliable with a significant probability of loss or error. Unacknowledged networks provide simpler and faster communication for networks that are inherently reliable or provide service to higher layers that can tolerate information loss. 2. Explain the difference between connection-oriented acknowledged service and connectionless acknowledged service. How do the protocols that provide these services differ? Solution: The use of acknowledgments can provide reliable transfer over networks that are prone to error and loss. In connection oriented networks, every packet in a data flow travels on the same path through the network and the proper ordering of packets is guaranteed. In such networks, if a packet arrives out of order, the receiver immediately knows that a packet has been lost. In a connectionless network, the service needs a mechanism for dealing with unordered delivery of information. This is especially important for real-time or delay-sensitive traffic, which may require immediate retransmission and may not...
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...www. .uni-rostock.de Bioinformatics Introduction to genomics and proteomics I Ulf Schmitz ulf.schmitz@informatik.uni-rostock.de Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Group www.sbi.informatik.uni-rostock.de Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I 1 Outline www. .uni-rostock.de Genomics/Genetics 1. The tree of life • Prokaryotic Genomes – Bacteria – Archaea • Eukaryotic Genomes – Homo sapiens 2. Genes • Expression Data Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I 2 Genomics - Definitions Genetics: www. .uni-rostock.de is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. In modern research, genetics provides tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Genomics: attempts the study of large-scale genetic patterns across the genome for a given species. It deals with the systematic use of genome information to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry. Genomics has the potential of offering new therapeutic methods for the treatment of some diseases, as well as new diagnostic methods. Major tools and methods related to genomics are bioinformatics, genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and determination of gene function. Ulf Schmitz, Introduction to genomics and proteomics I 3 Genes ...
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...cycle and electron transport chain. Two enzymes that indicate the presence of electron transport chains (ETCs) are oxidase and catalase. Oxidase is an enzyme that is found in Cytochrome C of ETC. It is found in bacteria and mitochondria of eukaryotic organisms. Organism that possess ETC with directly move electrons to oxygen, which is the final electron acceptor. Catalase is common enzyme, which is found in living organisms. Catalase is very important enzyme that protects cell from hydrogen peroxide; it is very damaging to the cell. Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide, into harmless water and oxygen gas. To avoid death cells produce catalase, this results from faulty ETC. Anaerobic respiration occurs in environments without oxygen gas. Anaerobic respiration only occurs in prokaryotic organisms;...
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...During conjugation, plasmids on the donor cell are transferred and deposited onto the receiving cell, accepting new genetic information. As the smallest structures in a bacterial cell, finally comes the ribosomes. Ribosomes are spherical, freely floating granules of RNA and proteins. Prokaryotic ribosomes are like eukaryotic ribosomes, except slightly different in composition and molecular structure. Antibiotics tend to inhibit ribosomes along with the cell wall, killing the bacteria and not the eukaryote the bacteria is currently...
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...* DNA technology – Methods for studying and manipulating genetic material, has rapidly revolutionized the field of forensics, the scientific analysis of evidence for legal investigators * Has practical applications beyond its use in forensic science * Include the use of gene cloning in the production of medical and industrial products, the development of genetically modified organisms for agriculture, and even the investigation of genealogical questions * DNA evidence was used to solve a double murder in England * Showed that two murders could have been committed by the same person * Showed the innocence of someone who confessed to one of the murders * Showed the absence of a match in 5,000 men tested when the murderer persuaded another man to donate blood in his name * Showed a match with the murder and DNA found with both victims * Biotechnology: The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products * Grew out of discoveries made about 60 years ago by American geneticists Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum * Performed a series of experiments with E.coli that demonstrated that two individual bacteria can combine genes * Genetic engineering involves manipulating genes for practical purposes * Gene cloning leads to the production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA * Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA sequences from two different sources ...
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...Gene Recognition A project report submitted to M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering Submitted by Mudra Hegde 1MS07CS052 Nakul G V 1MS07CS053 Under the guidance of Veena G S Assistant Professor Computer Science and Engineering M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology [pic] DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING M.S.RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU) BANGALORE-560054 www.msrit.edu May 2011 Gene Recognition A project report submitted to M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering Submitted by Mudra Hegde 1MS07CS052 Nakul G V 1MS07CS053 Under the guidance of Veena G S Assistant Professor Computer Science and Engineering M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology [pic] DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING M. S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU) BANGALORE-560054 www.msrit.edu May 2011 Department of Computer Science...
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...CHAPTER 9: NUCLEIC ACIDS 9.1 Levels of Structure in Nucleic Acids Primary (1o) Structure – order of bases in the polynucleotide sequence Secondary (2o) Structure – 3D conformation of backbone Tertiary (3o) Structure – supercoiling of the molecule Quaternary (4o) Structure – interaction between DNA & proteins Two principle types of nucleic acids - DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - RNA (ribonucleic acid) How do DNA and RNA differ? Ribosomes: polypeptide-generating machinery of the cell Tobacco mosaic virus: nucleic acid strand winds through a cylinder of coat-protein subunits 9.2 The Covalent Structure of Polynucleotides Nucleotides: monomers of nucleic acids 1. Nitrogenous base 2. Sugar 3. Phosphoric acid residue Order of nucleic acids of DNA contains the information necessary to produce the correct amino acid sequence in the cell’s proteins What are the structures and components of the nucleotides? Nucleic acid bases (nucleobases): one or two-ring nitrogenous aromatic compound - Pyrimidines – single-ring aromatic compounds Cytosine – DNA & RNA Thymine – substitute for Uracil in DNA (sometimes in RNA) Uracil – RNA only - Purines – double-ring aromatic compounds Adenine – DNA & RNA Guanine – DNA & RNA Methylation can modify bases Nucleoside - base + sugar covalently bonded - lacks phosphate group - base forms a glycosidic linkage with sugar Ribonucleoside: β-D-ribose Deoxyribonucleoside: β-D-deoxyribose The glycosidic...
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...Chapter 6 Blast program for sequence comparisons and blast p-values- test whether 2 or more sequences (protein or DNA) share a common evolutionary origin (p >10^-3 = due to chance) Lack of relationship between number of genes in a genome and its biological complexity 10-nm versus 30-nm chromatin fibers – condensed chromatin= 30nm wide, “beads-on-a-string” =10nm wide nucleosome core histone composition (2 each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) – Histones exists as octamers. Core is wrapped by 147 bp, about 2turns of DNA= CONSERVED IN ALL EUKARYOTES two turns of DNA around histone core (147 bp) variable size of DNA between nucleosomes (15-90 bp) – depends on species structure of 30 nm fiber and role of H1 histone – resting chromatin will be 30nm wide, H1 binds where DNA enters and exits nucleosome core histone tail modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation) – methylation & DEacetylation condensing of chromatin (30nm) acetylation DE-condensing of chromatin (10nm) phosphorylation & ubiquitination chromatin remodeling euchromatin versus heterochromatin chromosome scaffold – hold the 30nm chromatin loops attached, genes far apart on the chromosome are close at the base of the loops called SARS (Scaffold Associated Proteins) width of fully condensed metaphase chromosomes (500-750 nm) – 500-750nm wide chromosome banding and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) – identification of karyotypes (chromosome composition) allows painting of each...
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...because tendons cannot be rigid at all. Collagen has a primary structure which is a repeat sequence of amino acids, glycine-proline-x and any other amino acid. It also has a secondary/tertiary structure. Glycine is the smallest amino acid and this together with proline allows the polypeptide chain to be wound into a tightly, coiled, straight and unbranched helix. It also has a quaternary structure. Three of these helical polypeptides are wound around each other and held by hydrogen bonds. The triple stranded molecules run parallel to others and disulphide cross-linkages between the R-groups of the amino acid lysine holds the molecules together forming fibres. The ends of the collagen molecules are staggered to avoid weak points. This gives collagen a quarter of the strength of steel. Source- https://revisionworld.com/gcse-revision/biology/cell-activity/proteins-and-amino-acids/globular-and-fibrous-proteins Elastin Elastin is a major protein component of tissues such as the arteries, lungs, bladder, skin, elastic ligaments and cartilage. It helps skin return to its natural position when poked or pinched. This protein is high in hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline. These form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between lysine residues. Actin Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. Actin is the most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells. It is highly conserved and participates in more protein-protein interactions...
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...Biology notes- DNA Structure of DNA Nucleotide structure Individual nucleotides of DNA are made up of three components: A sugar called deoxyribose A phosphate group An organic base belonging to one of two different groups: A single ring bases- cytosine and thymine Double ring bases- adenine and guanine The sugar, phosphate group and organic base are combined as a result of condensation reactions, to give a single nucleotide. DNA structure DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides. Each of the two strands is extremely long, and they are joined together by hydrogen bonds formed between certain bases. In its simplified form, DNA can be thought of as a ladder, in which the phosphate and deoxybrose molecules alternate to form the uprights and the organic bases pair together to form the rungs. Pairing of bases The organic bases contain nitrogen and are of two types. Those with a double ring structure- A and G, have longer molecules than those with a single ring structure C and T. A pairs with T by 2 hydrogen bonds G pairs with C by 3 hydrogen bonds The quantities of adenine and thymine in DNA are always the same and so are the quantities of G and C. However, the ratio of adenine and thymine to guanine and cytosine varies from species to species. Double helix The uprights of phosphate and deoxyribose wind around one another to form a double helix. They form the structural backbone of the DNA molecule. For each complete turn of this helix, there are ten base...
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