...suffering from global economic recession and financial crisis. From US subprime to EU sovereign debt crisis, China, as the second largest economy in the world, experienced internal and external economic impacts. In the year of 2007, China’s economic development reached its pick. With the expectation of CNY appreciation, hot money flooded into China. As a result of this, the price of investment asset surged up sharply. The housing price tripled, and the Shanghai stock index reached to a historical level of 6300 from less than 3000 with in one year. The wealth effect from the high investment asset price stimulated consumption. Moreover, China was keeping its high net exports trading volume and fixed asset investment. The GDP growth rate exceeded 10%. However, the financial bubble broke in the US, and a chain reaction directly affected China. In 2008, all economic indictors shown that China’s development slowed down. Stock market can be regarded as the forecaster of economic. The Shanghai stock index dropped to 1900 from 6300. Affected by recession in international trading partners, the export also decreased sharply. Facing these problems, Chinese government proposed a basket of economic stimulation plans. The most influential one is the CNY 4000 billion infrastructure investment plan. Due to the stimulation, China’s GDP kept its 8% growth. The global financial crisis is far from end. In 2011, EU sovereign debt crisis made the world economic...
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...How fiscal policy adversely affected the European 2012 economic crisis By I chose this topic, because it intrigued me that another nation could encounter the same issues as the United States. The information contained throughout, will encompass the developments in the Euro area, the Euro’s three crises and Economic recovery. The intent is to educate you on the reason for the crises in Europe and how it can be avoided in the future. First let’s take a look at the reason for the financial crises in Europe. According to one of my sources, “The financial crisis that erupted in 2007 originated in massive bank losses on US mortgage loans. It spread rapidly to the Euro Area and other parts of the world, and led to the worst global recession since the Great Depression” (European Economy 3). The result of these events caused a increase in government purchases and transfers of households and tax cuts. I remember that a number of banks applied for help and were bailed out by the government, to include some major car manufactures as well. According to (European Economy 3) Bank losses explain about a quarter of the fall in EA GDP and consumption in 2007-09, and more than three-quarters of the fall in private nonresidential investment. It also implies results suggest that government support for banks noticeably dampened the fall in EA GDP, consumption and investment during the crisis. In the short run, the rise in government consumption would raise...
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...Article Critique Euro Crisis Fin 311 Certification of authorship “I certify that I am the author of this paper that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed herein. I have also cited any source from which I used data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by my specifically for this course and is not a replication of a paper submitted for another course. ” Mateo Salazar Abstract The main question about this article that we must ask ourselves is that in what way or how does the European financial crisis affects us. In this article critique we are going to explore and find out how and why is this article relevant to the course and why did I choose it. This article by Martin Feldstein talks about the European economic crisis and how this crisis was foretold long time ago. It analysis the countries involved in this crisis and how did they got there in the first place and how each one is affected by this anomaly. The critique shows us what caused the crisis and what is being done to stop this economic crunch, we will also review what countries are involved, what caused the crisis, what solutions are presented and find out the larger implications and think why and how this will affects people in America. Lately every day seems to bring chaotic news about the way our economy is doing. However, the most shocking or the one that everybody is scared of, would be the Euro...
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...IMF STAFF POSITION NOTE December 22, 2009 SPN/09/29 Global Imbalances: In Midstream? Olivier Blanchard and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Research Department Global Imbalances: In Midstream? Prepared by Olivier Blanchard and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti1 Authorized for Distribution by Olivier Blanchard December 22, 2009 Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management. Before the crisis, there were strong arguments for reducing global imbalances. As a result of the crisis, there have been significant changes in saving and investment patterns across the world and imbalances have narrowed considerably. Does this mean that imbalances are a problem of the past? Hardly. The paper argues that there is an urgent need to implement policy changes to address the remaining domestic and international distortions that are a key cause of imbalances. Failure to do so could result in the world economy being stuck in “midstream,” threatening the sustainability of the recovery. JEL Classification Numbers: E21, E22, F32, F33, F36, F41 Keywords: Current account deficits, saving, investment, portfolio choice. Authors’ E-mail Addresses: oblanchard@imf.org ; gmilesiferretti@imf.org 1 One of the series of “Seoul papers” on current macro and financial issues. We are grateful to Caroline Atkinson...
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...EUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS – ORIGIN, CONSEQUENCES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS F RA N TI Š E K N E M E T H Abstract What is the European debt crisis? As the head of the Bank of England referred to it in October 2011, it is “the most serious financial crisis at least since the 1930s, if not ever.”1 In fact, the European debt crisis is the shorthand term for the region’s struggle to pay the debts it has built up in recent decades. Five of the region’s countries – Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain – have, to varying degrees, failed to generate enough economic growth to make their ability to pay back bondholders the guarantee it’s intended to be. Although these five were seen as being the countries in immediate danger of a possible default, the crisis has far-reaching consequences that extend beyond their borders to the world as a whole. Introduction The global economy has experienced slow growth since the U.S. financial crisis of 2008-2009, which has exposed the unsustainable fiscal policies of countries in Europe and around the globe. Greece, which spent heartily for years and failed to undertake fiscal reforms, was one of the first to feel the pinch of weaker growth. When growth slows, so do tax revenues – making high budget deficits unsustainable. Greece's economy has struggled since the country joined the euro in 2001. In 2004, it admitted its budget deficit was higher than allowed under rules of entry. By 2008 the government had narrowly passed a belt-tightening budget...
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...Sovereign Debt Crisis By Aims of the research To examine and analyse the impact of Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis on financial markets and institutions in the UK. To determine the areas affected by the crisis and at what level Reasons of choosing the topic To explore the effects of the Sovereign Debt Crises on the Eurozone if one of the member states defaulted and the magnitude of the spill over effect on other nations in EU. This area of study is of great interest not only for the wider public, but for policy makers alike. It can be argued that in comparison to other monetary unions, such as the U.S, the Eurozone countries are far from being economically integrated, let alone politically integrated. Objectives of the research To have insight into Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis and to examine its consequences on the UK economy. To explore the impact of Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis on the financial management, auditing and reporting practices of UK based financial markets and institutions. To compare pre and post performance of UK financial markets and institutions as a result of Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis. Summary of the articles Arghyrou and Tsoukalas (2010) Luff and Peacegood (2012) Duncan (2011) Veron (2012) Arroyo (2011) Arghyrou and Tsoukalas (2010) Outlined the main cause and trigger of the Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis. Defined the Europe Sovereign Debt Crisis as: “a speculative...
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...1. Introduction To understand into the trend of European currency change nowadays, the origins of the Euro (€) had been studied. From the background of Euro, initial idea for the creation of Euro can be trace back to 1979 when European Union (EU) set up European monetary system (EMS). Due to the successful of EMS, the European Union decided to form the Economy and Monetary Union (EMU) to create Euro in December 1991.The main advantages and disadvantages of a single currency for the countries and the zone had been analysis with the macroeconomics knowledge that has learnt from this course. The advantages mainly help to eliminate the floating exchange rate, transaction cost and price transparency, whereas the disadvantages include loss of sovereignty, cost of Euro and budget position. Thus, the significant influences of Euro dollar from birth to now, it can be known that Euro currency is defined under flexible exchange rate system. With flexible exchange rate, the currency can be effort between the capital movements, tax and subsidize international trade and therefore the currency from overseas will influenced the demand. 2. Analysis 1. History of Euro In January of 1999, single currency, Euro has been introduced by members of European Union. It has been approved by Maastricht Treaty and used by its members currently who called as Eurozone. Those members consists of 16 members which are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg...
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...The U.S. Banking Panic of 1933 and Federal Deposit Insurance 1. In 1929 there were more than 25,000 commercial banks in the U.S. Today there are still approximately 7000 banks. In most other countries there are just a handful of major banks – often 4 to 8 institutions dominate the market place. What explains the vastly different character of the banking system in the U.S. from that of other countries? Similarly, most other countries have not in the past provided government sponsored deposit insurance, though some have put it in place as part of their response to the credit crisis. Does the unique structure of the U.S. banking system indicate a greater need for such insurance? In 1933, banks in the United States were unsecure and there was widespread fear based on the previous closures. Depositors panicked as banks were experiencing difficulties. What differentiated U.S banks from other banks is that US banks were composed of two main banks: national banks that were following the federal law and regulation and which it could share funds and resources across US, and the State banks that were following the state law and regulations. It was proven after the crisis that local units banks were more vulnerable to the crisis than national banks. Many states restricted branch banks form developing that made some banks riskier and it limited their liquidity. In 1929 crash, customers were unable to pay back their loans that led to a severe liquidity problem as payment of loans and...
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...Eurozone crisis: A Brief Assessment In his recent statement before leaving the seventh summit of the G-20, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh expressed his worries over the gloomy Eurozone outlook and the way it could further dampen global markets and adversely impact India’s economic growth. The Eurozone jitters have quite recently shown their impact on the country’s currency and caused it to downgrade and touch the lowest level of Rs.56.23 against the $ as on May 30, 2012. The situation in Europe is of particular concern as it accounts for a significant share of the global economy and is also India’s major trade and investment partner. Clearly, the situation in Europe needs major policy attention not just for Europe but for all major global economies, be it the emerging nations or the major developed economies. Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis: Background The Eurozone crisis is a term used to describe the soaring debt levels of five of the major Eurozone nations and their inability to pay off a part or whole of this debt that they have accumulated over the recent decades. These five nations including Greece, Portugal, Ireland , Italy and Spain have failed to generate enough growth for their economies to retain the bondholder’s confidence in their ability to hold the guarantee that they promised to deliver. The crisis that blew up has far reaching consequences extending beyond the national boundaries of these five nations painting a gloomy picture for all the major global economies...
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...relation between the actual crisis and one(s) of the “killer apps” listed by Neil Fergunson, a British Historian known by his provocative and controversial views. Many economics acknowledge the Great Recession to be the most devastating global economic crisis since the Great Depression in the 30´s. This crisis is based on some factors, worth to be emphasized, such as easy credit conditions that encouraged high risk lending and borrowing practices; international trade imbalances; the housing bubbles; the fiscal policy choices by the governments, related to their revenues and expenses or the position taken by some federal reserve banks, especially on the bailing out process of financial institutions. The first cause we can appoint it’s related to the risk or actual bankruptcy of the major financial institutions globally, starting with the collapse of the “Lehman Brothers” (September 2008), a global financial services firm. Some of these kinds of institutions highly invested in risky securities, which depreciate almost their entire value, when United States and European housing bubbles began to deflate during the 2007-2009 period. Consequently, as share and housing prices decreased, a major panic was installed on the inter-bank loan market, resulting on the failure of many others large and well established investment and commercial banks in the U.S. and Europe, such as the “American International Group”, which was later rescue by the U.S. Federal Reserve, or the “Fannie...
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...How did Europe Economic Crisis begin? After went through our research and discussion, we knew that many of the Western world borrowed too much due to low interest rates and cheap credit in the 2000s. According to the US, this issue caused a property bubble which burst in between 2007 and 2008, causing a financial crash as banks worldwide including Europe had to write off lots of assets so had much less money than they thought. This had two effects, it caused interest rates to rise a lot, so that banker couldn’t lend out money and governments took on lots of debt bailing out banks. Some countries in Eurozone such as Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece all had very high national debts, either from overspending pre-crash, or bailing out their collapsing banks. High debts plus recession which is decreasing government tax revenue plus high interest rates equals threat of bankruptcy. So, all the above issues are specific to Europe, and we are discussing about the Eurozone economic crisis. Basically, all countries adjust their economies with monetary policy. With a unified currency, less productive countries e.g. southern Europe couldn't do this, so became less competitive and borrowed. They also able to borrow at cheap interest rates because of the currency union. This was part of why debts got so high in the southern of Europe. At the same time, Eurozone not only facing all those problem but also another problem. Normally a country almost no default because it can just print...
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...Debt Crisis? By Thomas Kenny, About.com Guide See More About: * economics * europe * bonds ------------------------------------------------- Ads LIC Pension 1.45 करोड़छोटा निवेश जो आपको करोड़पति बनाये = PensionPolicyBazaar.com/PureInvestment Mobile Trading On-the-GoTrade Forex, Commodities, CFDs. Low Fixed Spread, Start Now!www.4xp.com/Mobile What is Sensex?You don’t need tuitions to learn. The First Step Kit teaches enough.Sharekhan.Sharekhan-Firststep.com Bonds Ads * Bonds * Debt * European Crisis * Type of Bonds * AAA Corporate Bonds ------------------------------------------------- Ads Investment CalculatorA Free, Safe & Simplified Tool for Managing Your Money. Try It Now!www.perfios.com/managingyourmoney Looking for Major Debt?Find Major Debt on Facebook. Sign Up Free Now!www.Facebook.com The European debt crisis is the shorthand term for the region’s struggle to pay the debts it has built up in recent decades. Five of the region’s countries – Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain – have, to varying degrees, failed to generate enough economic growth to make their ability to pay back bondholders the guarantee it’s intended to be. Although these five were seen as being the countries in immediate danger of a possible default, the crisis has far-reaching consequences that extend beyond their borders to the world as a whole. In fact, the head of the Bank of England referred to it as “the most serious financial crisis at least...
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...Supervisor: | | | Department of …………………………… January 2014 Abstract How did the Subprime Crisis, a small problem of U.S. financial markets, affect the entire global banking system? The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the subprime crisis on the banking sector in Europe, with a close attention on the case of Spain. Spain is currently facing the worst crisis ever experienced in its financial history, so it would be interesting to analyze what is the real situation of the banking sector and what will be the reforms that could lead to a consolidation of the financial systems. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial sector will be analyzed in order to see the changes needed to maintain its competitive position. The first part of the paper will briefly explain the subprime crisis, origins and impact on the financial world as new form of contagion. In the second chapter the consequences of the subprime crisis in the Spanish banking sector will be described. The last chapter of the thesis will present an analysis of the reforms made, using legal intervention. It will be concluded with a general point of view regarding the present situation of the Spanish banking system, the potential results of the current measures and the perspectives of new reforms. Contents 1 | Introduction | | 2 | Introducing the Subprime Crisis i. The subprime crisis: origins and evolution ii. Implications of the mortgage bubble The Spanish Banking sector: Before and...
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...Article: The Financial Crisis in Spain Summary Unemployment in Spain has reached 17.4 percent, according to figures released April 24 by the National Statistics Institute. Even without the global recession, Spain's economy likely would be going through a rough patch now due to the country's overheated housing market; with the recession, it is also suffering from a banking crisis and an industrial slump. Analysis Spain's unemployment rate rose from 13.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 to 17.4 percent in the first quarter of 2009, increasing the ranks of the unemployed to more than 4 million, according to National Statistics Institute (INE) figures released on April 24. Spanish Economy Minister Elena Salgado said that the first quarter of 2009 will be the worst in terms of increasing unemployment. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that unemployment in Spain will reach 17.7 percent in 2009 and 19.3 percent in 2010, but the INE figures seem to indicate that unemployment could exceed 20 percent by the end of 2009. Of all the European countries, Spain has in many ways been one of the most gravely affected by the global economic crisis. Even without the global recession, Spain would most likely be undergoing a correction this year due to its extremely overheated housing market. But it is facing a severe housing market correction, an industrial slump, and a banking crisis caused by the housing correction and the recession's overall effects -- simultaneously. These...
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...D December 1, 2012 International Crisis in Lending Lessons to be learned Group V Samantha Jeffrey Gabriella Stankovic Na-taisha Williams The debt crisis played a huge role in international lending. This report will discuss how economic crisis can result from many different factors such as changes in government policies which result in failure, and the cost of bank bailouts. Least developing countries also learned a lesson about how interest rates and low exports and imports played a major role in the financial crisis. These countries also tried to stabile their country's currency by fixing its exchange rate to that of the United States, which also resulted in failure. European countries also integrated their currency to Euro that caused a major crisis in lending. All are major factors that contributed to a crisis in international lending. Countries need to know what they are doing wrong before they can solve their problems. The historical events discuss will help serve as answer of how it can be resolved. Sovereign risk is the risk of lending money to the government with the risk of not being able to repay the obligation. There is always a risk in lending but the previous debt crisis and the crisis that is occurring in Europe plays a role in whether financial institutes want to lend to governments. The sovereign risk is important in international lending because many countries borrow money...
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