...Blaut... CH. 4 We now know: - Capitalism was developing evenly throughout Africa, Europe and Asia before 1492. - This process was called by Blaut: “Proto-capitalism.” So capitalism does not appear out of nowhere. It shifted its center from Indian Ocean to Europe = continuous process. Industrial revolution started later: symbolically situated in 1688 (overthrow of King James II in England by Parliamentary group) So... How did Capitalism develop more in Europe after 1492? - This is the main question of the chapter. Why did Europe discover America? Myth of adventuresome superiority in Europe. - Based on internal characteristics of Europe and giving no credit to non-Europeans. But they were trading in maritime centers just like everyone else. Technology superiority of Europe? Others had traveled long distances. Inventions were criss-crossing and Europeans did not have technological superiority in navigation. So why...??? Special progress in Europe? Nop... Europe in 1492 was “sluggish”. - Economic growth was slow and most likely negative. - Urbanization process was slow. In 1 or 2 decades progress and economic growth started to rise. - - Why??? So Why??? Geographic location. - Europe was simply closer to America and this was an advantage. Sailing conditions were better: winds were favorable. West-African traders...
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...The development and growth of agriculture along with the food production made the Europeans of the middle ages have a successful lifestyle. These advances in agriculture took place during the Agricultural Revolution. The Agricultural Revolution was a time period when people’s knowledge of agriculture was increased to a point where they were able to revolutionize the agricultural industry. This time started during the 1000’s and went on until the 1200’s (Butler). The Europeans made many advances in this time, such as they made newer inventions that would benefit the world for years. Some of these inventions were remodeled and used still to this day. They also created jobs that would provide a better life for the people of Europe. These jobs would help people come in contact with more people than they usually would, and ultimately have a more social...
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...huge benefits are plentiful for some and lacking for others. The countries that are members of the EU house an regulatory environment with which local and multinational firms operate. What is the cost of the current situation for the European Union? The EU is one of the world’s biggest investors in promoting economic and social growth to the European markets. The European Union considers Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of the key solutions to promoting development, economic and social growth to the European Markets. It is within the scope of framework that the EU follows a pro-development approach of long-term investments that will generate stable employment and growth for the European marketplace. The European banking industry has been slow in converting into a modern means of investment opportunities and lacks standardization of banking rules and regulations such as Germany. The German banking system slows the economy by poor management decisions regulated by adverse government policies and a unwillingness to modernize the way it promotes business within its borders. Having a standardized banking system in Europe would promote growth and strengthen the market and the image of Germany. This could be accomplished by clarifying the regulatory...
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...Mason American History -1110 Exploration and expansion Europe 1400’s The 1400s marked a time of exploration and expansion. The three developments that stimulated the age of exploration and expansion for Europe was agriculture, growth, and technology. Europe was a country based upon agriculture, farming and the raising of livestock which had had been practiced in Europe for thousands of years. Europe was mainly Christian und the authority of the Catholic Church which was also a powerful land owner. During the time of exploration and expansion, many explorers to include the Spanish made voyages that changed world events. Explorers set out to explore for economic growth and expansion of commerce, new trade routes, knowledge, and wealth. But they discovered so much more than that. Religion had spread, new technology came about, maps improved, and of course they discovered new land, food, and people. There were both positive and negatives of the exploration. Although exploration impacted our world in a positive way, technology improve as so did trade and commerce that allowed Europeans and Spanish to dominate. It also impacted in a negative way. Many deaths occurred during this time period because of various reasons to include disease famine and slavery. The age of exploration was very good for our culture as a whole. Exploration and trade contributed to the growth of capitalism. This economic system is based on investing money for profit. Merchants...
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...Assess the impact of the Continental System on Europe after 1806 “England is a nation of Shopkeepers”- Napoleon Bonaparte It was on the 21st of November 1806 that Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, issued the Berlin Decrees; beginning a self-blockade of Europe that would last to some extent or another, for the next 8 years until his abdication on April 11th 1814. Bonaparte is purported to have believed that his policy of Blocus Continental would lead to inflation and large-scale debt within Britain, and while his desired impact of the Continental System unto the UK was not quite so dramatic, the affects that Napoleon intended as a result of the Berlin Decrees were extremely significant in terms of their impact upon Europe. However, there were also numerous consequential impacts of the Continental System which need to be examined if an objective assessment of its impacts upon Europe is to be made; aided by the classification of impacts into short and long term and positive or negative. The Continental System was intended as a way in which Bonaparte could force Britain into a peace, but its primary effect was that of alienation. After the Milan Decrees (17th December, 1807) endorsed and actively legislated for the capture of neutral ships sailing in international waters if they had traded at a British Port, carried British goods; or merely had allowed the Royal Navy to search their ship. This effectively changed the way in which trade worked across the Globe...
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...Before Europe became successful, they took a downfall in their population due to the bubonic plague “the black death”. The black death was a disease that decreased many countries population because it was killing over half of each country's population all across Afro-Eurasia. The spread of this disease was fast due to the climate changes, one known as “Little Ice Age”, that possibly was the reason why it weakened the population and left them vulnerable to the disease (textbook pg 385). During this time, Europe had harsh winters and rainy summers which made it impossible to supply the amount of food needed to feed the people. “The Rise of the West” was basically inevitable because during this time there were so many changes that Europe made...
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...The eighteenth century in Europe was characterized by the agricultural revolutions which allowed for a sharp increase in population. In England alone the population grew three million in just a hundred years. Russia doubled in population from thirteen million to thirty-six million. The increases in population brought about questions about how many people the globe could hold and the new pattern of growth was much faster than had ever been seen before. The fast growth was confusing to many people at the time and brought about questions about why it was happening and what affects it would have. The quick growth experienced on Europe was due to enclosure and new farming techniques; the social consequences were movement to the cities and the...
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...The 1400s marked a time of exploration and expansion for Europe. Identify and explain three developments that stimulated this age of exploration. Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Europe was a society based upon agriculture. “Farming and raising livestock had been practiced in Europe for thousands of years”, but during the late Middle Ages there were technological advances (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009). The 1400s marked a time of exploration and expansion for Europe. The three developments that stimulated the age of exploration for Europe was the Merchant, the Renaissance, and the Portuguese Voyages. The Merchant was a factor that made Europeans want to explore. One reason why Europeans wanted to go exploring was economic. “The economic growth of the late Middle Ages was accompanied by the expansion of commerce” (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009, p. 27). Commercial expansion stimulates the growth of markets and many European towns. Europeans had been in contact with Asia from the time of the Mongol conquests until the 14th century (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009). They had heard about the East through things like accounts of Marco Polo’s journeys. They had become very aware of the silks and...
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...American History -1110 Exploration and expansion Europe 1400’s The 1400s marked a time of exploration and expansion. The three developments that stimulated the age of exploration and expansion for Europe was agriculture, growth, and technology. Europe was a country based upon agriculture, farming and the raising of livestock which had had been practiced in Europe for thousands of years. Europe was mainly Christian und the authority of the Catholic Church which was also a powerful land owner. During the time of exploration and expansion, many explorers to include the Spanish made voyages that changed world events. Explorers set out to explore for economic growth and expansion of commerce, new trade routes, knowledge, and wealth. But they discovered so much more than that. Religion had spread, new technology came about, maps improved, and of course they discovered new land, food, and people. There were both positive and negatives of the exploration. Although exploration impacted our world in a positive way, technology improve as so did trade and commerce that allowed Europeans and Spanish to dominate. It also impacted in a negative way. Many deaths occurred during this time period because of various reasons to include disease famine and slavery. The age of exploration was very good for our culture as a whole. Exploration and trade contributed to the growth of capitalism. This economic system is based on investing money for profit. Merchants...
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...Frq Essay During 1450 through 1650, Europe went through a period of significant economic growth. Influences such as the discovery of new worlds and its riches and exotic produces, inflation of taxation within lower economic levels, and a rise in the previously lower population helped create this growth. Of course, smaller factors such as wars, religion, geography, and power shifts also greatly contributed to it. From 1450 to 1650, Europe experienced an age of discovery, possibly the greatest influence to its economic growth. The period is distinguished as a time when the Europeans began exploring the world by sea in hopes of finding trading partners, new goods, and trade routes. Many countries began to explore for good, spices or maybe even gold, but main reason for exploration was the longing to find a new route for the spice and silk trades since traveling via the Silk Road had been restricted for Europeans by the Ottoman Empire, whom had just acquired Constantinople. The most famous of the voyages of this era are of Christopher Columbus sail to America in 1492. This voyage set off the competition between European nations too not only claim land but also for other goods, such as tobacco and most importantly gold. Europe had limited resources in valuable metals and the economy needed gold and silver. The gain of the exploration of the New World was vastly influential to the economy. Gold and silver flooded into Europe, particularly into Spain and eventually into the hands...
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...Amazon.com’s European Distribution Strategy Name: Shijing Zhao Date: February 23, 2013 Introduction and Problem Definition To best support its growth, Amazon Europe was considering building a European distribution network (EDN) where the location of inventory would be strategically determined. Among all issues to be considered, the most important one was to evaluate the three alternatives to design the EDN and choose one of them. External Analysis (See Appendix 1 for full listing) For opportunities, the first thing worth mentioning is the fast growth of international markets. Worth only $381.1 million in 2000, the Amazon International’s revenue reached at $1,168.9 million in 2002. That means the international market environment was fairly optimistic for Amazon and it should expand into other countries such as China and Korea. The second important opportunity is the large potential of European online markets and book markets. For example, Italy holds the third largest book sales of € 4,130 million in 1999 and the fourth largest online spending of €701 million in 2001. Amazon could consider Italy or other Europe countries with large potentials as its future target markets in Europe. For threats, the biggest one is the low EDI penetration among book, music and video distributors in Europe. EDI enables Amazon to get the information about the item ordered from the US supplier quickly. It would be difficult for Amazon to know details about the item ordered without EDI,...
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... Monsanto Europe Oct 2, 2012 BUS-6160-100 - Bus Policy&socðical Envir What are the most important issues in this case? Monsanto wants to introduce GMOs to the US and Europe and the main issue for Monsanto is that the introduction of GMOs to Europe is being prevented by regulations. There is also a general refusal to the idea of GMOs by the European population due to cultural differences and distrust in the EU that failed them before. Also mass media portrayals of GMOs often appeared to increase public fears of the new technology. However pressure from the US and the WTO are changing their stance. Who are the primary stakeholders? The European Union, Monsanto, European firms specializing in biotechnology and farmers. Can one prioritize the stakeholders? Monsanto is the primary stakeholder then the EU then the farmers and European firms specializing in biotechnology. Who are the most important? Least important? Why? The most important is Monsanto as they are potentially missing out on a major world market that is essential to Monsanto's growth as a company. The firms that specialize in biotechnology can only gain from a change in the Europeans stance as there are already preexisting regulations on biotechnology. What values and whose rights are at stake? Can these be prioritized? The European values are at stake as they distrust biotechnology and want to protect Europe and the European...
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...Europe is in crisis because it has been living beyond what it can hold up. No single European country is to blame. The entire Eurozone threw economic caution out the window. When Europe was doing just fine, countries in the Eurozone could borrow money cheaply, at low rates of interest. Because of this “cheap” debt the countries were lured by the prospect of economic growth, which lead them to borrow more and more. Eventually the Eurozone had more debt than they could imagine, and just when Europe’s spending spree was veering out of control, rising interest rates came along to end Europe’s spending. There are some factors that may have been the reason as to why Europe is like this such as, cheap debt, rising interest rates, bailouts, investor confidence wavers, key stakeholders tighten their wallets, and austerity stifles growth (Introduction: euro crisis explained). When mentioning cheap debt it means when they were borrowing money at an affordable level and it came time to repay, it wasn’t that affordable anymore. With bailouts, they have been paying large amounts of money to high-risk Eurozone countries. For investor confidence wavers, it means that when investors see that things are not looking to good, they want to take their money elsewhere, so they leave hoping to find more money somewhere else. In the financial sector of the European crisis, there were many different reasons as to why this happened the way it did, but the reasons are few. Some of the reason is the...
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...in the 1300s named Petrarch. Petrarch named the period following the middle ages ''dark'' because of the many incidents that have happened. The middle ages in Europe had many significant and unpleasant events such as the ''black death'' ,the decline in education, trade, laws being developed, and universities in construction and so on. As stated in Document B the ''dark age'' is ''dark'' because of all the suffering, decline in trade, manufacturing, education, and writing, some parts of Europe became isolated from the rest of the world and many more. When Europe was not in a ''dark age'' it was called the ''growth age.'' Europe was in a ''growth age'' because many good things were happening in that time period. Europe was not in a ''dark age'' because there was many universities in the process of being developed.'' Construction on the cathedral began in 1163 and was completed in 1345 ( Document F ). There was also many more universities being developed and with more universities being made there is more education and with more education there is more ideas being...
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...gold and silver. These riches helped Spain build up its navy for its many wars with England. This wealth also paid for more expeditions of discovery and Spain’s overall improvement in their standard of living. Like many great empires, this prosperity did not last and through financial decline this prosperity died, as did the empire. Most of Spain's civilization remained poor until after Francisco Franco, who came to power during the Spanish Civil War, died in 1975 and the exiled King Juan Carlos returned. Juan Carlos began the transition to a democratic state and ensured that Spain would prosper from a democracy and a capitalist system. Spain began crawling its way up but still remained one of the poorest nations in Europe. The dominant powerhouse economies of Europe have always been those of Germany and France. As a result, the bloodiest conflicts of the twentieth century have centered on these countries dragging down with them the other European nations aligned with each side respectively. The European Union was conceived, in the...
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