...Central Europe’s historical importance as a region is defined by different aspects than other regions. Less focused on individual states, it is more centered around cultural aspects. These differing aspects include religion (mainly the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church), ideals held from past empires or kingdoms (Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Hungary, and Poland-Lithuania), and multinationalism. (pg. 4) These three main aspects came together later when a fourth aspect appeared: delayed development when compared to Western Europe. Once the Middle Ages had passed, there was in uptick in modernization by the western part of Europe and Central Europe lagged behind. (pg. 4) This became a defining distinction of the region and the...
Words: 967 - Pages: 4
...(1914-1918) introduced the world to the results of a conflict fought with such modern weapons such as Machine guns, submarines, warplanes, and chemical warfare. This war was so chaotic it destroyed Europe’s economic and moral preeminence. (The Great war destroyed Empires it didn’t matter how big your empire was after World War I you no longer had one.) The Great War was known for demolishing Empires. The Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian empires all collapsed because of the Great War. Before World War 1 there were other movements such as the industrial revolution which is the invention of machines that produced goods rapidly and efficiently, and the replacements of human or animal power by non-animal sources of energy, Nationalism which is the ideology that 1 sees humanity as divided into nations and believes these national identities are the most important factors in creating our individual nature, Imperialism which is when a country belief that a more powerful society has the right if not the duty to impose its authority, attitudes and values on cultures and people it sees as inferior; all of these movement played a major role in World War 1. World War 1 was one of the first modern war, Most of the tactics were from the 19th century but the weapons were from the 20th century. The industrialization of weapons enabled more effective killing machines to be produced. During World war 1 the machinery of the war was more efficient than ever before, for example tanks, submarines...
Words: 273 - Pages: 2
...reputation of being an empire. In Was There Ever An American Empire?, Professor Antony Hopkins evaluates American history from its origins as a British colony to its current status as a world power. In its most basic form, Professor Hopkins’s argument is the United States was never an empire in the classical sense of empires such as the British, French, and Dutch, but due to acquisition and intervention during the Cold War to counter the spread of communism, the United States gained a reputation for being an empire. Essentially, the United States’ involvement across the world did not originate from an expansionist mindset, but the desire to establish temporary, strategic holdings in the geopolitical Cold War. However, the latter half of the 20th century witnessed massive decolonization on the global scale. The world observed America’s interference with new and developing countries and linked such practices to attempting to fill the void colonial powers left. Such accusations continue into the present as the US intervenes in various areas of the world where it holds economic or political interest, such as the Middle...
Words: 1675 - Pages: 7
...Topic: Jewish Migration in 19th and 20th Centuries to the US Title: The Jewish States of America Thesis: Even though the Jews tried to escape harsh conditions in Europe through emigration, they were met with the same level of opposition in the US. Summary: II. Body A. Reasons in Europe for Immigration 1. Where in Europe did majority come from B. New opportunities in the US C. Difficulties faced in the US D. How those issues were dealt with E. How things are better today for the Jewish people III. Conclusion A. Proved that when the Jewish people emigrated to the US, that the problems they ran away from were replaced by an equally confrontational frontier. David Foley Professor Geller Heritage: Civilization and the Jews 4/17/14 The Jewish States of America Have you ever found yourself wondering how, or why the Jewish people ended up in the US? When the topic of the Jewish religion comes about we think about one place normally. Israel is said to be the original holder of the world’s Jewish population in biblical times. Now times have changed and the worlds Jew’s have found themselves spread to every corner of our planet with amassing numbers and counting. This growth and emigration of the Jews has been caused by multiple reasons that have both stunted and also accelerated the prospering of this group of people. The biggest of all these emigrations occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries from Europe to the United States of...
Words: 2153 - Pages: 9
...Alex Glaser The Republican Party: Marxism Revisited During the interwar period Hendrik de Man said “the future is something which we have to create (Berman 117)” distancing himself from his Orthodox Marxist roots. This belief that people must take action to effect the changes they wish to see in the world is natural, yet Orthodox Marxist resisted this temptation for nearly half a century. In the early 20th century it became clear to many that Karl Marx’s ominous prediction of the downfall of capitalism was not going to occur, as capitalism is a dynamic market instrument that adapts to changing circumstances; the unified “proletariat” was not immerging, a middle class was growing, as were national identities. Europe's changing environment opened the door for new political parties to emerge, however many were afraid to abandon Orthodox Marxism. A cult like following emerged, where Marx became a god-like figure who’s predictions were followed religiously as if the world was predetermined. Malon, Brousse and others who began to split from strict Orthodox Marxism were ridiculed by the POF as “Possibilists” because they believed that the Republic offered alternative possibilities for the future; possibilities that did not involve the natural and inevitable rise of a unified proletariat to create a socialist revolution without the use of political action. In retrospect it seems absurd that people would believe there is a single natural state of the world that will inevitably...
Words: 915 - Pages: 4
...by Spanish women in the early twentieth century? Indisputably, General F. Franco’s dictatorship in a “Nationalist Spain” truncated both social and political progress made by women throughout the period of the early 1900s. In order to discuss the crucial motives for the totalitarian regime’s reversal of such developments, a brief historical background of European stances on the roles of women must firstly be examined. As established by H. Graham, attempts at preserving socio-cultural conservatism to uphold political ideologies during this era were geared primarily towards the reiteration of traditional gender roles in society. The influence of existent policies in a Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany at this time were, undoubtedly, of great influence on Franco’s regime. Earlier legislation enforcing this conservative perspective in Spain confirms such views, in that under these laws women could only conduct certain economic affairs, make purchases and sign contracts under supervision of a dominant husband - “el permiso marital” being required. This concept of subordination to men permeated Spanish society, restricting women to lives of exclusive domesticity. As ‘queen of the home’, the majority of middle and lower class women were uneducated illiterates, generally ignorant and uninvolved in political affairs and indoctrinated by traditions of Catholicism supremacy. However, several feminist organisations formed in the early twentieth century under the Primo de Rivera rule, along with...
Words: 2547 - Pages: 11
...Changing Identities Influencing Iran’s Development The multifaceted political and socio-cultural context of the Middle-East often leads to misunderstandings about the nature of its society. In order to be fully aware of the reasoning as to why states in the Middle-East do what they do, an in depth analysis linking both the past and present is necessary. The continuous disorder portrayed in the news has created a negative image of the Middle-East. In the case of Iran, this is especially true. Similarly to many other states in the Middle-East, Iran’s past can be characterized by perpetual ideological conflict, rivaling tribal factions and a difficulty in sustaining a lasting identity. In contrast, however, Iran was among several developing nations to escape direct colonialism.[1] Nevertheless, “economic domination and imperial manipulation describe Europe’s relationship with Iran for much of the century leading up to 1950.”[2] In understanding Iran’s flux of identities throughout the 20th century, several notions must be clarified. Firstly, Iran is not an Arab nation nor have they adopted Arabic language or culture. Secondly, the Shi’a minority in Iran, and their lingering divergence in beliefs compared to that of the Sunnis and the West has always been an issue with respect to their distinctiveness as a nation. That being said, Iran’s inability to sustain a lasting individuality is directly related to the differing identities proposed...
Words: 2908 - Pages: 12
...community,” born with the demise of feudalism and the rise of capitalism. For postcolonial critics this definition, however, is not unproblematic since while referring to constructions of nation2 and nationalism with regard to third world countries Anderson underlines their dependency on the European models with the contention that the American and European experiences “were now everywhere modularly imagined.”3 Following Anderson, it is widely believed that “Nationalism is a doctrine invented in Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century” aNationalism is not a sporadic sentiment that suddenly appears, but gradually evolves when a nation’s survival becomes threatened by an external power and thus, in an overreaction, harks back to its heritage through a variety of means. Thus Lawson suggests “Nationalism is a reaction of peoples who feel culturally at a disadvantage” .Indeed, in a colonial context, the definition of political identities fitting neatly over cultural...
Words: 1891 - Pages: 8
...Pragyaditya Mukerjee Prof Cirone Paul Rand Information 5/19/2014 Paul Rand Paul Rand: A Brief Biography PAUL RAND (BORN PERETZ ROSENBAUM, AUGUST 15, 1914 – NOVEMBER 26, 1996) was a well-known American graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. Rand was educated at the Pratt Institute (1929-1932), the Parsons School of Design (1932-1933), and the Art Students League (1933-1934). He was one of the originators of the Swiss Style of graphic design. From 1956 to 1969, and beginning again in 1974, Rand taught design at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Rand was inducted into the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1972. He designed many posters and corporate identities, including the logos for IBM, UPS and ABC. Rand died of cancer in 1996. Early life and education Peretz Rosenbaum was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1914. As Orthodox Jewish law forbids the creation of graven images that can be worshiped as idols, Rand’s career creating icons venerated in the temple of global capitalism seemed as unlikely as any. It was one that he embraced at a very young age, painting signs for his father’s grocery store as well as for school events at P.S. 109. Rand’s father did not believe art could provide his son with a sufficient livelihood, and so he required Paul to attend Manhattan’s Harren High School while taking night classes at the Pratt Institute, though “neither of these schools offered Rand much stimulation.” Despite studying at Pratt and other...
Words: 2568 - Pages: 11
...Chapter 12: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Europe from Pre-emancipation to the Present Day by Roswith Gerloff Caribbean history of Christianity can be divided, with overlaps, into four main periods: the rather monolithic form of Spanish Catholicism from 1492, and of the Church of England from 1620; the arrival of the Evangelicals or nonconformist missionaries, Moravians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians from the mid-eighteenth century; consolidation and growth of various European denominations in the region in uneasy tension with the proliferation of independent black Christian groups and African religions in the post-emancipation era from 1833; the contest for political, economic and religious independence after 1870, including the shift from British Imperial intervention and influence to those from North America, and national independence after 1962. Contemporary studies in anthropology and sociology of religion speak of 'religions on the move', or the process of transmigration and transculturation, as it refers to dynamic, reciprocal, transitory and multidimensional creations in shaping a 'poly-contextual world'. This implies that religions have to be regarded as cultural and spiritual phenomena whose 'taken-for granted' essence1 has resulted from transcultural and transnational processes of mutual 1 Klaus Hock, University of Rostock, abstract for an essay on the African Christian Diaspora in Europe, January...
Words: 8882 - Pages: 36
...Index Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Diversity Amid Globalization-------------------------------------------------------5 The Changing Global Environment----------------------------------------------11 North America---------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 ...
Words: 16166 - Pages: 65
...[pic] Университет за Национално и Световно Стопанство Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it...
Words: 4665 - Pages: 19
...ADVERTISING SALES & PROMOTION | INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION | Submitted by :Submitted to: Aisha Rizwan BS(Hons) Management 7th Semester – 2011 – 20-15 | UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES | | | TABLE OF CONTENT Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 HISTORY 7 Germany, France, and the Netherlands Lead the Way 7 British Magazines Appear 8 American Magazines 8 Mass-Appeal Magazines 9 The Saturday Evening Post 9 Youth’s Companion 10 Price Decreases Attract Larger Audiences 10 EARLY 20TH -CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS 11 NEWS MAGAZINES 11 PICTURE MAGAZINES 12 INTO THE 21ST CENTURY 12 INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET ON THE MAGAZINE INDUSTRY 13 ONLINE-ONLY MAGAZINES 13 MAGAZINE-LIKE WEBSITES 15 PRINT MAGAZINES WITH ONLINE PRESENCES 15 PAKISTANI MAGAZINES 17 ENGLISH 18 URDU LANGUAGE 18 URDU MAGAZINES FOR CHILDREN 19 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE 20 INTRODUCTION 21 VISION 21 MISSION 21 PORTFOLIO 22 STARTUP MAGAZINE 22 INTRODUCTION 23 MAGAZINE PROFILE 23 FEATURES 23 CREATIVE BRIEF 24 MEDIA PLAN 27 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 28 MARKETING ANALYSIS 28 PRINT MEDIA 28 DIRECT MEDIA 28 SOCIAL MEDIA 29 RADIO AD 29 MEDIA OBJECTIVES 29 MEDIA STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 29 EVALUATION AND FOLLOW UP 30 PRINT ADS AND ITS DIFFERENT VERSION 31 RADIO ADVERTISEMENT 41 SCRIPT 41 PRINT IS NOT DEAD 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...
Words: 5334 - Pages: 22
...Contents Introduction 3 At the Turn of the Century 4 The 20th Century Literary Background 5 Modernism 6 Poets of the First World War 11 The Interwar Years 13 British Postwar Literature 19 Conclusion 27 References 29 Introduction The 20th century seems to be the most dramatic and unique: it witnessed two world wars and great social, economic and political changes. All this events could not but find their reflection in the arts in general and in the literature in particular. The urgency of the work is determined by the complexity of the period considered and variety of forms and trends which appeared during the century. The object of the project is British literature. The aim of the project is to consider the peculiarities and distinct features of the British literature of the 20th century. In order to gain the project’s aim, during its implementation the following practical issues were studied: - the most distinguished writers of the period; - their contribution to development of the British literature; - key topics. The project’s aim and issues considered predetermined the choice of methods of research. During the project’s implementation the following methods were used: critical survey of the sources on the issue considered, as well as comparison and analysis. Theoretical value of the project is constituted by the analysis of the peculiarities and distinct features of the British literature of the 20th century. Practical value of the project is predetermined...
Words: 9384 - Pages: 38
...Appendix D Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Ethnic group people of the same race or nationality who share a culture Anti-Semitism an attitude or policy of hatred and hostility toward Jewish people Islamophobia hatred or fear of Muslims or of their politics or culture Xenophobia A person who is fearful of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or foreign peoples Persecution The act or practice of persecuting on the basis of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs that differ from those of the persecutor. Religious group is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic group not your own from the list below. • Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) o Christianity • Evangelical Protestant • Mainline Protestant • Historically Black Churches • Roman Catholic • Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) • Jehovah’s Witnesses • Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) o Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) o Buddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) o Islam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) o Hinduism • Ethnic groups (based on divisions in U.S. Census Bureau documents) o Asian (Asian descent) o Black (African descent) o Hispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) o Pacific Islander (Polynesian descent) o White (European descent) Part III Answer the following...
Words: 3139 - Pages: 13
