...------------------------------------------------- Constructivism Main article: Constructivism (learning theory) Constructivism is a revolution in educational psychology. Built on the work of Piaget and Bruner, constructivism emphasizes the importance of active involvement of learners in constructing knowledge for themselves...Constructivism emphasizes top-down processing: begin with complex problems and teach basic skills while solving these problems [13]. Constructivism explains why students do not learn deeply by listening to a teacher, or reading from a textbook. Learning sciences research is revealing the deeper underlying basis of how knowledge construction works. To design effective environments, one needs a very good understanding of what children know when they come to the classroom. This requires sophisticated research into children's cognitive development, and the learning sciences draws heavily on psychological studies of cognitive development (e.g., Siegler, 1998). The learning theories of John Dewey, Marie Montessori, and David Kolb serve as the foundation of constructivist learning theory.[14]Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge or experience. In other words, "learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one's own experiences." Constructivist learning, therefore, is a very personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may...
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...LO 1 1.1 Self-managed learning is a way that individuals organise themselves and find different ways in learning things whether in the community or at work. It is also about setting out the goals for the learning by evaluating the purpose for learning and ways to achieve those goals. People always learn new things, for example, the culture of different people, behaviour, personality, perceptions and so on. People can learn things from college, through friends, personal and other people’s experience, books to mention but few. It is therefore important to manage one’s learning as it has huge impacts in one’s life. Some of the positive impacts include: Self-managed learning gives people the opportunity to come up with their own strategy in learning. For instance, I have a goal to get a distinction on my assignment, so my strategy will be to research, reference and write well my work and submit it on time to achieve my goal. Self managed learning motivate people make their own training plan as well as motivate others to participate. Self - managed learning ensures people are effective and efficient in their work. Being in a 21 century where technology is advancing, people need to manage themselves to learn new things to keep up with advanced technology which will be beneficial in organisation where people work (Nordstrom, 1996-2014). There are different approaches to self-managed learning: • Research Individual can learn through research given by the university...
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...Fatima Karriem Personal Learning Reflection The Introduction This paper states that learning styles are just as different as the individuals who utilize the various styles of learning. As an adult, you learn differently than you did when you were younger. As an adult learner, the author will find that the process of obtaining the information and resources needed is much different. According to Kolb (1985), individuals develop learning styles that emphasizes some learning abilities over others. Additionally, Kolb’s learning model assumes that individual exhibit a preference for certain learning behaviors that can be grouped into four distinct learning style: Converger, Diverger, Assimilator, and Accomodator. You may fit into just one or find that more than one style describes how you learn. The paper reveals that the author considers herself a Converger/Accommodator, which is helpful knowing your learning style to optimize your performance and aid in what you decide to study. As unique individuals we all learn differently and need help when it comes to learning. We all have a process by which we learn. One person’s end result of his or her learning process may be different from that of their peers. The following paper will be a personal reflection of my learning style. I will assess my strengths and show some opportunities available for me to grow. Even though we may be able to identify the type of learner we are, there are many benefits in learning and using other...
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...Cognitive Style Cognitive style is used to describe the way individuals come to a decision to accomplish the work based on their thoughts draw from their observation. On a given class of situation, an individual will choose their preferred way of gathering, processing and evaluating information (Hayes & Allinson 1998). The style is a better predictor of “job behaviour than intelligence” (Sadler-Smith & Badger 1998, p. 248), as it is not measurable in term of aptitude of handling. Learning Style Learning styles are several ways or methods that help individuals to learn and gain knowledge. Unlike personal style, it is often expressed in the way individuals select one particular mode of learning over another, e.g. I simply don't like training but I greatly prefer coaching (Sadler-Smith 1996). There are several studies on how individuals can identify their best learning style. In Kolb's (1984) experiential learning model, there are four different styles of learning identified – “accommodative, divergent, assimilative and convergent” (Mullins 2007, p. 191). “Individuals may have a preference for one of the key stages and therein lies their learning style” (Mullins 2007, p. 190). Seen this way, managers' learning styles can be assessed based on their approach to acquire and apply knowledge through practice. In a recursive learning cycle, individual can spot and strengthen their “weaker preferences” by adapting...
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...kirkpatrick's learning and training evaluation theory Donald L Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model - the four levels of learning evaluation also below - HRD performance evaluation guide Donald L Kirkpatrick, Professor Emeritus, University Of Wisconsin (where he achieved his BBA, MBA and PhD), first published his ideas in 1959, in a series of articles in the Journal of American Society of Training Directors. The articles were subsequently included in Kirkpatrick's book Evaluating Training Programs (originally published in 1994; now in its 3rd edition - Berrett-Koehler Publishers). Donald Kirkpatrick was president of the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) in 1975. Kirkpatrick has written several other significant books about training and evaluation, more recently with his similarly inclined son James, and has consulted with some of the world's largest corporations. Donald Kirkpatrick's 1994 book Evaluating Training Programs defined his originally published ideas of 1959, thereby further increasing awareness of them, so that his theory has now become arguably the most widely used and popular model for the evaluation of training and learning. Kirkpatrick's four-level model is now considered an industry standard across the HR and training communities. More recently Don Kirkpatrick formed his own company, Kirkpatrick Partners, whose website provides information about their services and methods, etc. kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation model The...
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...Learning Best 1 Running head: Learning the Best Strategies of Learning the Best Cindy Watson Grand Canyon University NRS429V: Family Centered Health Promotion June 17, 2012 Learning Best 2 The strategies of learning are as varied as styles of teaching. As an adult learner how can you assess learning styles and improve your study skills? Inott, 2011, says, “Having an understanding of how and why adults learn is necessary to facilitating learning, and says that teaching is received and learning is experienced,” (Inott, 2011). Adult learners’ motivations to learning are because of a change in skills, in other words they are returning to the learning environment out of wanting to. Inott says that adult learners are characterized by autonomy, rigidity, goal and relevancy orientation, practicality, and experience. (Inott, 2011). There are many different learning theories; however the VARK learning styles are more relevant to student learning. The acronym VARK represents visual, aural, read or write and kinesthetic strategies to learning (Fleming, 2011). Visual learners prefer information by illustrations, pictures and words. Aural types prefer to process information by hearing. Read or write learners prefer text, reading and writing; while the kinesthetic learner prefers a perceptual experience to be simulated or real (Fleming, 2011). Summarizing the learning preference closes to myself, multimodal fits the most. According to Fleming...
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...years, I thought learning involved reading, memorizing, evaluating material, highlighting topics of interest, and rereading necessary details needed to remember for future reference. Learning has taken on a new meaning for me the past 5 weeks and has given me a sense of excitement and anticipation to utilize the skills that I have developed in this class.. To learn with intention now means I can take the learning skills and patterns and develop a strategy to help me maximize my strengths and minimize my learning patterns which might hinder my growth and development in many areas of life. Paragraph # 2 It has been determined that I am a "Strong Willed Learner." I would like to say that could mean that I am a well rounded person, however, at times it seems to me if I am not careful, I could let every one of these learning patterns take over and play havoc with my mind. I could "plan my plan"(S), ask the appropriate questions(P), complete my research(TR), have alot of enthusiam and excitement(C) and then realize my paper is due without anything written or developed for my paper. The recipe for my Learning Style is: A well rehearsed plan, with appropriate amount of time completing my research, interjecting enthusiam and excitement equals my well oiled machine, an exciting presentation, an easy read equallying a well received presentation. All four patterns work effectively and efficiently together as long as I recognize my own personal learning style is me. I can be...
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...practitioners in a construction project; 2) different project types; and 3) difference among functional roles in the organizations. The order of importance of the performance criteria is: (1) time; (2) profit; 3) environment; 4) quality; 5) safety; 6) effectiveness; 7) no claims or contractual disputes; 8) job satisfaction; and 9) generation of innovative ideas. Timely completion of the project is the most important performance criterion, but it displays the highest deviation of the performance when compared with its importance. It implies that time management is the most critical factor for the performance in the construction project. Mainly, most respondents are not pleased with job satisfaction. The job satisfaction should be enhanced through personal development, job security and encouragement from colleagues or superiors. Various clients appear to be satisfied with the performance of the effectiveness in the construction process. Nonetheless, contractors would like to be treated fairly when claims are made. However,...
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...(DoeJBTM5000-6). Please save a copy of this file for yourself. Academic Integrity: Please see and follow the Academic Integrity Policy in the Learner portal. Your instructor may select this or any activity to review and submit to Turnitin to assess for an Academic Integrity violation Main Task: Prepare an Annotated Bibliography Using the guidelines and resources you’ve reviewed create an Annotated Bibliography consisting of the two articles listed as resources for this Activity. Length: 2 entries. Approximately 2-3 pages. Submit your document in the Course Work area below the Activity screen. Learning Outcome: 8 • Analyze research articles for construction of an Annotated Bibliography. Your instructor will give you feedback using the form below and in margin comments on your work. Reading and using your instructor’s feedback is as much a part of your learning as is reading the course materials and doing activities. Your instructor will not only help you understand the quality of your work on this activity, but will also give you guidance on how to improve your skills and increase your knowledge that, if you follow it, will help you do better on future activities! Feedback Introduction to Feedback: 1. Was the activity completed as instructed? Activity Elements Faculty Feedback |Two Annotated Bibliography entries that follow guidelines and | | |resources...
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...ID – F1012266 Unit 13: Personal and Professional Development Unit Code: T/601/0943 L01 1. – Evaluate Approaches to self managed learning: Self-managed learning is a way people or individual find different ways in learning things, which could be in the society they are living or at work that is diversified environment. Self managed learning is also about setting the goals for the learning by evaluating the purpose for learning and ways to achieve such goals. Below are examples of approaches to self managed learning: • Seminars and Conferences – People could learn through seminars, conferences what they have experienced over there and make changes for the future. Seminars and conferences gives people the opportunity to present their knowledge about something to other people who end up learning new things. They also help people become confident in speaking in the public and develop presentational skills • Social Networks – There are different social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, My Space, where people spend more than 2 hours a day chatting with friends learning new things about other people’s information • Internet – Individuals can learn through internet such as different articles written by different authors concerning management studies, strategic, risk management. People could acquire such knowledge that could be transferred to work places 2. – Propose ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts...
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...and who to be. It's easy to lose our heads in the crosscurrent of competing ideas—unless we develop skills in critical thinking. When we think critically, we can make choices with open eyes (Ellis, 2014, pg. 203). The critical thinking process is a method used with six individual steps. These steps go as follows: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The first step helps you remember the issue and summarize it. To understand the issue means to read and listen while suspending any judgement you have against the matter. The step to apply means to take the information you know, and ask yourself, can I get a result? From there you have to analyze the situation. Divide the situation into steps to make it easier. Evaluate the quality of this idea, but make sure to give valuable reasons for your rating. Lastly, create something new! We all have a personal learning style that ties into our critical thinking skills. My personal learning style is watching and thinking. This learning style means I am interested in knowing what ideas or techniques are important. I explain events and enjoy learning facts. Every individual has their own way they prefer to learn. Their very own ethical thoughts and beliefs. Ethics are used by everyone in everyday life to make choices,...
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...Developing Multiple Intelligence – Learning Styles (MI-LS) – Integrated Lesson/Unit The following steps given by Harvey F. Silver, et al. is coined in the acronym IDEAS: 1. Identify the type of lesson you wish to teach and specific standard(s), outcome(s), and objective(s) you want to address. In this step ask self these questions: a. Am I developing a lesson: i. Using learning styles and multiple intelligences to achieve specific content objectives? ii. Focused on the development of particular styles or intelligences? b. Am I developing a lesson: i. That’s part of a year – long curricular theme? ii. To teach a specific objective? iii. To address a specific student need (i.e. for a student educational plan)? 2. For each intelligence, develop a list of possible learning opportunities for students to achieve your objective(s). In this step, ask yourself the following question: (V) How can I incorporate word, writing, listening, discussion, language? (L) How can I incorporate calculation, problem –solving, reasoning, math? (S) How can I incorporate art, video, graphic organizers, icon colors? (B) How can I incorporate manipulative, hands – on learning, use of body? (M) How can I incorporate music, musicality, beat, lyrics, and sounds? (P) How can I incorporate cooperative learning, partnership, role playing? (I) How can I incorporate emotion, reflection, self – assessment? (N) How can I incorporate interactions with the natural...
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...in an organisational setting enhanced knowledge, expertise, productivity, satisfaction, income, interpersonal relationships, and other desired outcomes, whether for personal or group/team gain, or for the benefit of an organization, community, nation, region, or, ultimately, the whole of humanity (Gary McLean, 2010) When working towards this goal, it is important to firstly identify what the training needs of the organisation are. These methods of identification can include; • Customer Feedback - by creating a clear avenue in which customers, the source of many organisations profitability, can extend their views on current processes and interactions, organisations can determine in which areas they could make improvement to suit their customers needs. As the expectations of customers will always be a moving feast, this method of identification is particularly crucial to stay ahead of the competition. This method is also useful when evaluating what impact any organisational development initiatives has had within certain areas. • Performance Appraisals - by reviewing the performance of an organisations employees, you can establish what personal development needs are required to improve the employees performance thereby improving the performance of the organisation as a whole. Through collating these personal development areas and analysing any particular skills or behaviour gaps, organisational development initiatives can be created to affect the performance of the businesses...
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...than identifying and defining the problem Disagreement on who has the expertise about identifying relevant criteria • Unhealthy conflict Creative abrasion versus personal clashes Difference in conflict between Sasha and Dana and Henry and Igor Conflict avoidance by some members eg. Dav CAUSE OF PROCESS PROBLEMS • Team Composition: multiple differences among members combine to cause a fault line Functional diversity: different styles of thinking, methods of time management, approaches to problem solving and gender Demographic diversity: differences in age, nationality Personality Differences in prior relationships CAUSE OF PROCESS PROBLEMS • Unclear goals, roles and leadership Winning the business plan competition versus launching the business successfully Interns or business partners Who was the leader UNDERLYING ROOT CAUSE • Impression formation processes • Threats to identity • Lack of interpersonal congruence LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Launching a team Importance of kick-off meeting Establishing shared goals, clear roles, agreed on decision making procedures, ground rules, leadership etc • Managing diverse members Have a shared understanding of each other’s strengths and limitations Instill norms for respecting and learning from other’s differences LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Diagnosing team processes Recognize and manage all stages of group decision making Understand distinction between healthy task conflict and dysfunctional...
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...in the reference page. The student learned the importance of carefully reading scientific papers, and ensuring that annotated bibliographies provide enough information to assist the student with future assignments. Below are the two annotated bibliographies for review. Annotated Bibliography Kozub, R. M. (2010). An ANOVA Analysis Of The Relationships Between Business Students' Learning Styles And Effectiveness Of Web Based Instruction. American Journal of Business Education, Vol. 3 Issue 3, 89-98. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/195909757?accountid=28180 This article investigates the impact and relationship that exists between learning styles and the effectiveness of business student performance in a web based learning environment. It evaluates how web based learning has gained acceptance within education, and the prevalence of online degree programs. With the variation in learning styles, this paper provides educational instructional designers with concepts to better serve online students. The study is comprised of 159 undergraduate students in Taxes and Personal Finance courses, who volunteered and receive extra credit points. The methodology included two PowerPoint presentation's designed web-based instructional modules. The interactions of students with courses designed in web based course development platforms was criticized by Tufte (2006), however there was no substantial evidence provided to support his findings. The ANOVA analysis...
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