...Evaluating the Research Process HCS/465 September 10, 2012 Introduction This paper is a descriptive review of the literature on breast cancer outcomes: 1990 through 2000. The research was done on fewer than 100 subjects in the United States and Western Europe. The results of this research also includes past projects of 1089 articles of which 230 were included. No single item was used to come to the conclusion of this article. A while ranges of research methodologies were used. The research used limited subjects which to me in some ways show that there is more in the particular are that needs to be studied. Role of Literature review in this research article The role of literature review in this research is justifying the proposed research activity. The literature review indicates how the project will be different from the one that has been published. The literature review also develops case argument for this proposed study based on the literature that has been reviewed. For example, in this article, the literature review states that patient participation and consumerism in health care decisions that occurred together with the growth in outcomes of care in the last three decades of the 2oth century set the stage for the development of measures that are patient based. These measures were for general breast cancer related issues. The literature also presents the results of Ware et al that presented results that validated a self report...
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...Evaluating the research process Teenage pregnancy inflicts indirect costs related to lost education and jobs, as well as direct costs related to public assistance services used during and after pregnancy. A major concern is that the majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended. 79 percent of teens 18 to 19 years old and almost 87 percent of teens 15 to 17 years old reported their pregnancy as unintended in 2001. Policies and programs need to be put into place to help teens make well-informed choices about sexual activities. Because teens lack formal education and training they rely heavily on public assistance programs. Adams, Gavin, Ayadi, Santelli, & Raskind-Hood felt there was a need for a study on teen pregnancy and how they affect the cost of public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS/465 Evaluating the Research Process There are many steps to the research process that a researcher must go through. From choosing the subject or a problem to writing the final report, steps are important to maintain a set of standards to the research process. Reviewing the appropriate literature and considering ethical decisions in data collection are also equally important. The types of data collected and how it was collected will help in drawing a conclusion to the significance of the project. With an appropriate amount of statistically sound data a determination can then be made as to whether the research project or study was effective. This paper will be using the article “Who Gives a Tweet: Assessing Patients’ Interest in the Use of Social Media for Health Care” for examples of how the research process is used to determine the effectiveness of a study the article. Research Process The research process begins with selecting a problem or question that a researcher seeks to find an answer to. The researcher will form a hypothesis based off their theory or other research. Third the literature is reviewed. Next, researcher will list all the measures that must be looked at and decide on the subjects for the project. The researcher will then need to decide upon and describe the design of the research as well as decide on the appropriate way to measure their variables. The last steps of the research process are then to analyze...
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...Evaluating Bias in Research Bias is a characteristic of results that systematically misrepresent the true nature of what is being studied (1). The first step in the student’s guide to research is identify how to effectively and efficiently perform a search to locate information that will best fit the research process. This process includes understanding the various sources available to assist in finding this information. Research that has no creditable sources to back up the findings will not provide efficient results. Drug research in the drug industry can be categorized based on general information or statistics and not the evaluation of people. This information can have conclusions based on the effects a drug may have but not everyone will have the same reaction. On the other hand, some biases are based on gender, race, or ethnicity. Most people learn biases at home, at school, in church, or in other social settings. Which can lead to understanding all sides to the story, knowing what’s right and wrong, and moral development. On the contrary, if morality were nothing more than common sense, why are there so many biases that require disputes and issues in research? The best explanation for these differences is that all people are individuals who have different thoughts, processes, and reactions. Research has to follow legal rules and laws in order to keep results unbiased, ethical, and accurate. We also use research strategies and principles to criticize, assess, advise...
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...The first step in the students guide to research is to frame your research question. You must pose a question carefully and precisely. Whether you have noticed a problem that you think you could help fix or have a desire to understand something. You are forging the unknown. It’s important that you define your terms when coming up with a question so you know exactly what you are measuring, observing, and how to collect your data. When you evaluate your findings you must have a clear picture of what exactly you are looking for. The major assumptions and biases of the drug industry that underlie drug research is that the drug companies are for profit. So it is a huge conflict of interest and unethical for drug companies to be funding any research. Healthcare somewhere along the way got turned into a business, it is no longer about what is best for patients. Drug companies are only interested in making money and therefore they skew the research using varying tactics so that the public is none the wiser. They basically coerce everyone involved in the research process. They use manipulative PR tactics to cover up findings unfavorable to their research or products. To confuse and mislead the public. The offer varying degrees of truth on how the research is conducted, how they evaluate the findings, what they are and are not made aware of, and how exactly everyone involved is finically compensated. Another example of this would be paying for expert testimony in a trial...
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...HCS 465- Health Care Research Utilization Evaluating the Research Process Class Group: BSDD10S8G8 University of Phoenix Online Professor: Donald Steacy December 5, 2011 Literature Review The literature review is based upon an effort to search for and obtain information relative to a study for the purpose of offering a critical appraisal (Flores, Win, Susilo, 2010). The literature review used in this article examines how patient's right to privacy terms be violated and how biometric technologies can ease or eliminate the consequences related. The literature review details how the implementation of biometric technologies can be important for identification, verification, and for compliance with patient privacy laws. Literatures used in this study were obtained through proQuest databases from Walden University, and from professional journals, business publications, technical reports, newspaper articles, and EBSCO-host online databases. The author of the research study also obtained information from related areas of research, and from doctorial dissertations of the same subject. Ethical considerations for data collection Ethical consideration given to the data that was collected for this study, was the insurance that all information obtained by participants would be shared only with their written consent and by select individuals affiliated with the study; as well as blinding all identifying information...
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...The first step in the students guide to research is to “Frame Your Research Question.” Framing a good research question is the most important step toward having a successful research project. Your research question should use multiple sources to back up your own distinctive argument and it should be developed accurately and carefully avoiding questions that can be answered in just a few statements. One of the major assumptions of the drug industry is the fact that all research is accurate and the results are true. In fact the results may not even be valid on the research of humans. Some companies that want to promote their product will sometimes add generalizations to the research criteria so that the results will look good in their favor. These research studies are being done by employees of the drug companies and/or parties that are being financially compensated for their input. Companies that are doing this are actually putting the consumer at risk for many other medical problems or even death, all for the sake of making money. My opinion about the drug industry is that these companies are so hungry for money that they just don’t care that they are endangering other people’s lives. They are willing to let money get in the way of having a trustworthy and reliable company. They must not forget that some of their own family members may one day be prescribed the exact medicine that they have falsely claimed is safe with minimal side effects. I would recommend that...
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...Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in Research By: Andrew Snyder Professor: Dr. Belinda Hartnett Introduction to Sociology 23JAN2016 Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in Research By: Andrew Snyder The first step in the Students Guide to Research is to frame your research question. In order to frame your research question properly you need to be formulating the research question precisely and carefully, which makes this one of the most important steps toward ensuring a successful research project. I would say that in order to accomplish this step I would need to build my research question by defining the subject of the research and then proceeding to explain as to how I would measure or evaluate it in order to answer the question at hand. In identifying the major assumptions and biases of the drug industry that underlie drug research you can pretty much find out that the research has been rigged to favor the drug itself and or the drug company. The reason being is that the research will one way or another point to the manufacturer of the drug paying off the people that are reviewing the drug so that the article will favor the drug company and will lead to the company making more money. These companies favor money far more than helping people. As a consumer, I feel pretty much the same way about what the article speaks about. I feel that the only reason why we don’t have cures for many diseases in this day and age is because the greedy chief executives of these pharmaceutical...
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...Evaluating the Research Process Wendy Witt HCS/465 July 22, 2013 Yvette Mallory RN, MSN Remote communities face several challenges concerning health care. For instance, communication with health care professionals, transportation, availability of doctors, and shortage of doctors. Literature review to identify and review new methods of improving access to health, quality of care, and improving the effectiveness of delivering health care services in remote Alaskan villages. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases that index health research were used along with Artic health databases. Abstracts and full articles were review, and categorized into four sections. Organizational structure of health services, telehealth, ehealth, and medical transportation. “Despite the challenges facing rural and remote regions, there is a distinctly positive message from this broad literature review. Evidence-based initiatives exist across a range of areas - which include operational efficiency and integration, access to care, organizational structure, public health, continuing education and workforce composition that have the potential to positively impact health care quality and health-related outcomes” (Masucci, Mitton, & Dionne, 2011). The literature review did not identify any past research associated with new ideas to improve access, quality, and efficiency in the organizational structures and delivery of health care services in northern rural and remote and rural populations. This...
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...Evaluating the Research Process Week 4 Allison Valentino HCS 465 September 3, 2012 Dr. Ajit Narang Evaluating the Research Process ➢ Explain the research process used in the study Research process was to determine if Japan hospital organizations experienced any incidence of adverse drug events and medication errors. If so, why were these errors happening and how to does the data compare to other countries in the surrounding areas in addition to the United States. Two physicians were involved to determine the incidents. Data was gathered from Western countries but not world wide. Another reason to do the research was the increase in patient safety. ➢ How is the literature review used in the research? Literature/data was retrieved from other Western countries and the United States. Comparison with JADE study (Japan Adverse Drug Events) done by Bates DW in 1995 as well as including the research done for global patient safety also done by Bates DW in 1995. ➢ What are the ethical considerations for data collection? Data was gathered from several different subject selections (ages and genders); appropriate staff was involved (physicians who were qualified); names were kept anonymous to protect patient confidentiality; staff was aware of the research ➢ What is the data telling us in terms of...
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...Evaluating the Research Process ABC HCS/465 July 27, 2015 DEF Evaluating the Research Process In some recent study on teen pregnancy, it is estimated that the cost may be as high as $428 billion per year or an average of $5,500 for each teen parent that gives birth before 18 years of age (Youth.gov, 2015). That is why through this study, "Effectiveness of the "baby think it over" teen pregnancy prevention program", it is vital to understand the mindset of teen's interest in sexual activities during this stage of growth (Somers & Fahlman, 2001). To further explain that the article completed be Cheryl L. Somers, and Mariane M. Fahlman is being researched in the process and not the general topic. The following information will explain the research process, and why is it important, what literature supports the review, were the ethical needs met in the process of collection of information, what statistical analysis discovered and provides and last how does the article conclude in a research format. Furthermore, a statistical example will be provided to share the effectiveness of the research process on how strongly statistical supports the research process in health care. The research process and its importance The research design mention in the article is the use of the quasi-experiment design that analyzes that combine the past literature with the existing literature (Somers & Fahlman, 2001). It also points out, the purpose through evaluation effects of what...
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...Evaluating the Research Process Megan Gardner HCS/465 Pamela Bennett 05/06/13 Evaluating the Research Process Pregnancy is a major factor that is over taking the teen community. This is an action that is happening and no one can find a way to slow it down. It seems that everywhere you look; another teenager is pregnant or knows a friend or pier that is pregnant. In the article “Aggression is a predictor of rapid repeat teen pregnancy” the author talks about how teenagers are not only getting pregnant, they are getting pregnant again. This article is an interviewed related article. There was a study done to show that there are many different factors that affect mothers to have another pregnancy. Some of these factors are aggression behavior, mental health disorders, and emotional past experiences. The articles also prove that mothers who continued to have rapid pregnancies tend to have less confidence. Not only is this article peer reviewed but I choose this article to do more research on. I believe this is a strong subject that should be taken seriously. Doing research on this article to find out more information, it is always important to know the background to the article and learning the methodology helps as well. This helps advance my research to maximize my information intake. Methodology is the overview explaining the gathering of the qualitative and quantitative data and where the data may be found. This is the following research on the background and...
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...Student’s guide to research: a four step process The first step to research is to know where to start… your library! Step 1: Define your topic Understand your assignment. Get an overview of your topic using general reference sources, such as text books, dictionaries and encyclopedias. List keywords for searches (e.g. names, places, people, dates, issues, ideas) Step 2: Locate and evaluate your resources Explore a variety of resources: o Books o Magazines, journals, newspapers – Using Article Databases, see page 3. o Internet Review your resources. Check for: o Authority (author’s expertise, reputable organization) o Point of view (bias) o Accuracy (verify the facts) o Dates (how current is it? does currency matter?) o Relevance (does the information address your topic?) Choose the best and most reliable sources Ask your school librarian Step 3: Searching Use your list of keywords in your searches Try synonyms (different words that mean the same) in your searches Organize your search results into a logical order Step 4: Document your sources When taking notes, photocopying, or printing, be sure to record: o Author o Title o Place of publication o Name of publisher o Page numbers used o Date of publishing o Last updated date (for websites) o URL (for websites) Use the MLA, APA, Chicago/Traditional bibliographic style guides to ensure proper format. Ask yourself: Have I answered the questions about my topic? Are the...
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...Should all cars be required to have backup cameras? Tanard Hill Professor Christian Faught English 215 March 13th, 2016 The government, in April 2014 passed a law that all cars built new after May 2016 must have backup cameras. Have backup cameras reduced accidental deaths? The National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration (NHITSA) reports that “58 to 69 lives are expected to be saved each year once the entire on-road vehicle fleet is equipped with rear visibility systems.” USA Today’s website listed an article written by Chris Woodyard (2015) who investigated that many automakers, responding to consumer demand, have gotten ahead of the regulation by putting standard or optional cameras on new models as they are redesigned, even on their smallest, most economical cars. Vehicles should not be required to have a backup camera because it is not always as clear of a picture as you may think, especially during weather and foggy days. (Woodyard, 2015 Administration, 2014). The backup cameras fog up in a little rain or any other precipitation, which causes the backup camera to be insufficient to use. Although having back up cameras has reduced the accidents by a large percentage; once it is completely abolished in 2018; will drivers attempt to only use the backup camera without the notion of looking behind them? In a 2010 report, the DOT's NHTSA said, “that each year 210 people die and 15,000 are injured in light-vehicle backup incidents, with about 31% of the...
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...Evaluating the Consultation and Education Department Research Paper Heather Sanchez University of Phoenix June 17, 2011 The Greenby Mental Health Center funding has been cut back. The cut back in funding has caused the organization to look at possibly doing away with their consultation and education department. This paper will describe at least one process evaluation measure and at least one outcome evaluation measure that could be suggested for the Consultation and Education Department at Greenby Community Mental Health Center to display the program effectiveness and efficiency. The paper will also explain the scope and purpose of the chosen process evaluation and outcome evaluation measures and how they influence the design. Issues and challenges that may arise from evaluating the Greenby Community Mental Health Center will be covered. Finally, why an evaluation may be helpful to the Consultation and Education Department director’s situation will be explained. “Program evaluation is carefully collecting information about a program or some aspect of a program in order to make necessary decisions about the program. Program evaluation can include any or a variety of at least 35 different types of evaluation, such as for needs assessments, accreditation, cost/benefit analysis, effectiveness, efficiency, formative, summative, goal-based, process, outcomes, etc. The type of evaluation one undertakes to improve ones programs depends on what one wants to learn about the program...
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