...Evaluating the Research Process HCS/465 September 10, 2012 Introduction This paper is a descriptive review of the literature on breast cancer outcomes: 1990 through 2000. The research was done on fewer than 100 subjects in the United States and Western Europe. The results of this research also includes past projects of 1089 articles of which 230 were included. No single item was used to come to the conclusion of this article. A while ranges of research methodologies were used. The research used limited subjects which to me in some ways show that there is more in the particular are that needs to be studied. Role of Literature review in this research article The role of literature review in this research is justifying the proposed research activity. The literature review indicates how the project will be different from the one that has been published. The literature review also develops case argument for this proposed study based on the literature that has been reviewed. For example, in this article, the literature review states that patient participation and consumerism in health care decisions that occurred together with the growth in outcomes of care in the last three decades of the 2oth century set the stage for the development of measures that are patient based. These measures were for general breast cancer related issues. The literature also presents the results of Ware et al that presented results that validated a self report...
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...Evaluating the research process Teenage pregnancy inflicts indirect costs related to lost education and jobs, as well as direct costs related to public assistance services used during and after pregnancy. A major concern is that the majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended. 79 percent of teens 18 to 19 years old and almost 87 percent of teens 15 to 17 years old reported their pregnancy as unintended in 2001. Policies and programs need to be put into place to help teens make well-informed choices about sexual activities. Because teens lack formal education and training they rely heavily on public assistance programs. Adams, Gavin, Ayadi, Santelli, & Raskind-Hood felt there was a need for a study on teen pregnancy and how they affect the cost of public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions...
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...Evaluating the Research Process Wendy Witt HCS/465 July 22, 2013 Yvette Mallory RN, MSN Remote communities face several challenges concerning health care. For instance, communication with health care professionals, transportation, availability of doctors, and shortage of doctors. Literature review to identify and review new methods of improving access to health, quality of care, and improving the effectiveness of delivering health care services in remote Alaskan villages. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases that index health research were used along with Artic health databases. Abstracts and full articles were review, and categorized into four sections. Organizational structure of health services, telehealth, ehealth, and medical transportation. “Despite the challenges facing rural and remote regions, there is a distinctly positive message from this broad literature review. Evidence-based initiatives exist across a range of areas - which include operational efficiency and integration, access to care, organizational structure, public health, continuing education and workforce composition that have the potential to positively impact health care quality and health-related outcomes” (Masucci, Mitton, & Dionne, 2011). The literature review did not identify any past research associated with new ideas to improve access, quality, and efficiency in the organizational structures and delivery of health care services in northern rural and remote and rural populations. This...
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...Evaluating the Research Process Week 4 Allison Valentino HCS 465 September 3, 2012 Dr. Ajit Narang Evaluating the Research Process ➢ Explain the research process used in the study Research process was to determine if Japan hospital organizations experienced any incidence of adverse drug events and medication errors. If so, why were these errors happening and how to does the data compare to other countries in the surrounding areas in addition to the United States. Two physicians were involved to determine the incidents. Data was gathered from Western countries but not world wide. Another reason to do the research was the increase in patient safety. ➢ How is the literature review used in the research? Literature/data was retrieved from other Western countries and the United States. Comparison with JADE study (Japan Adverse Drug Events) done by Bates DW in 1995 as well as including the research done for global patient safety also done by Bates DW in 1995. ➢ What are the ethical considerations for data collection? Data was gathered from several different subject selections (ages and genders); appropriate staff was involved (physicians who were qualified); names were kept anonymous to protect patient confidentiality; staff was aware of the research ➢ What is the data telling us in terms of...
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...HCS 465- Health Care Research Utilization Evaluating the Research Process Class Group: BSDD10S8G8 University of Phoenix Online Professor: Donald Steacy December 5, 2011 Literature Review The literature review is based upon an effort to search for and obtain information relative to a study for the purpose of offering a critical appraisal (Flores, Win, Susilo, 2010). The literature review used in this article examines how patient's right to privacy terms be violated and how biometric technologies can ease or eliminate the consequences related. The literature review details how the implementation of biometric technologies can be important for identification, verification, and for compliance with patient privacy laws. Literatures used in this study were obtained through proQuest databases from Walden University, and from professional journals, business publications, technical reports, newspaper articles, and EBSCO-host online databases. The author of the research study also obtained information from related areas of research, and from doctorial dissertations of the same subject. Ethical considerations for data collection Ethical consideration given to the data that was collected for this study, was the insurance that all information obtained by participants would be shared only with their written consent and by select individuals affiliated with the study; as well as blinding all identifying information...
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...Evaluating the Research Process ABC HCS/465 July 27, 2015 DEF Evaluating the Research Process In some recent study on teen pregnancy, it is estimated that the cost may be as high as $428 billion per year or an average of $5,500 for each teen parent that gives birth before 18 years of age (Youth.gov, 2015). That is why through this study, "Effectiveness of the "baby think it over" teen pregnancy prevention program", it is vital to understand the mindset of teen's interest in sexual activities during this stage of growth (Somers & Fahlman, 2001). To further explain that the article completed be Cheryl L. Somers, and Mariane M. Fahlman is being researched in the process and not the general topic. The following information will explain the research process, and why is it important, what literature supports the review, were the ethical needs met in the process of collection of information, what statistical analysis discovered and provides and last how does the article conclude in a research format. Furthermore, a statistical example will be provided to share the effectiveness of the research process on how strongly statistical supports the research process in health care. The research process and its importance The research design mention in the article is the use of the quasi-experiment design that analyzes that combine the past literature with the existing literature (Somers & Fahlman, 2001). It also points out, the purpose through evaluation effects of what...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS/465 Evaluating the Research Process There are many steps to the research process that a researcher must go through. From choosing the subject or a problem to writing the final report, steps are important to maintain a set of standards to the research process. Reviewing the appropriate literature and considering ethical decisions in data collection are also equally important. The types of data collected and how it was collected will help in drawing a conclusion to the significance of the project. With an appropriate amount of statistically sound data a determination can then be made as to whether the research project or study was effective. This paper will be using the article “Who Gives a Tweet: Assessing Patients’ Interest in the Use of Social Media for Health Care” for examples of how the research process is used to determine the effectiveness of a study the article. Research Process The research process begins with selecting a problem or question that a researcher seeks to find an answer to. The researcher will form a hypothesis based off their theory or other research. Third the literature is reviewed. Next, researcher will list all the measures that must be looked at and decide on the subjects for the project. The researcher will then need to decide upon and describe the design of the research as well as decide on the appropriate way to measure their variables. The last steps of the research process are then to analyze...
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...COST-EFFECTIVE WAYS TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER Prepared for: American Nutrition Prepared by: Anita Moayer February 7, 2016 CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.....................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………...2 Purpose…………………………………………………………………………………..2 Description……………………………………………………………………………….2 Scope……………………………………………………………………………………..2 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................2 Assessing Cultural Fit…………………………………………………………………….2 Evaluating Risk Factors…………………………………………………………..2 Evaluating Compatibility…………………………………………………………3 Company Culture…………………………………………………………………………3 Employee Engagement…………………………………………………………....3 Employee Recognition…………………………………………………………….4 Offering Flexibility………………………………………………………………………..4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………..5 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………..5 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………5 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………...6 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 1. Sample Turnover Risk Index 2. Impact of FWAs on Turnover and Retention INTRODUCTION This document presents cost-effective recommendations to reduce voluntary employee turnover at American Nutrition. This introduction provides the purpose, description...
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...a little easier many people follow the decision making process. The steps in this process can guide a person to make the best decision while viewing the options. According to Bateman (2011), decision-making process steps are first identifying and diagnosing the problem, generating alternative solutions, evaluating alternatives, making the choice, implementing the decision, and evaluating the decision (“Chapter 3”). When buying a car for the first time, I had to follow similar steps to see if buying a car would be the best option. The steps I use were identifying the problem, evaluating the alternatives, research, and making a decision so that I would come out with the best solution. The problem I was identifying was if I needed a newer car or should I keep the one I already had. This was a problem because the car that I had was continuing to need repair and was an older car. I identified my problem, I next evaluated my alternatives do I continue to pay the repairs on the car I had, use others ways of transportation or buy a newer car. I did research on different cars to see what best fit my budget. This process included checking out different models, makes, prices, gas mileages, and reviews. After completing the research step the following step making a decision came easy. I decided to buy a newer car I considered the possible outcomes and made the decision. My decision making process is similar to the process named in Management: Leading and Collaborating in a competitive...
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...questions about the ideas and information presented in the text and; to comment thoughtfully by engaging in a process of evaluating or; making judgements about the validity or relevance of the text to your research or field of study. Part of the process of being critical is to use the information gathered from questioning to understand the topic from different perspectives and in relation to relevant theoretical frameworks in the field. Furthermore, asking the right questions will help you to make links with previous information, develop a position and arguments to support it. What is meant by evaluation? Evaluation is the process that encourages you to show an understanding of the text content by analysing the purpose and the structure of the text, assessing and making judgements about its appropriateness according to various academic criteria. What is meant by analysis? To approach a topic analytically is to examine carefully the content, issues and structure, by separating them into component parts and explaining how they interrelate. The ability to summarise is another skill that is essential to writing a critical review. To summarise means to express the main points of an idea or topic in fewer words and without including examples or details. Criteria For Evaluating Academic Texts Critical evaluation necessitates understanding and analysing the text and then evaluating according to various criteria. The following is a list of criteria that can be referred to when reviewing...
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...There are 10 key principles for conducting a critical appraisal for a quantitative or qualitative study. These principles guide readers to carefully examine as well as assess the weaknesses, strengths, elements, and qualities presented in a study. Principle nine states the importance of evaluating the quality of a study. In other words, it is to determine the trustworthiness of the research. Besides the characteristics of reliability, quality is also dependent on whether the research is congruent with other similar studies and if there is an excellence in the conclusion found in the study. Four principal areas were formed in “describing research practice in a multidisciplinary context: credible, contributory, communicable, and conforming” (Martensson, Fors,...
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...The Business Research Process Kelly Van Fossen Business Research / RES351 December 9, 2013 Marcus Sherrill The Business Research Process The business research process is a sequential process involving several clearly defined steps. This paper will illustrate how the process is implemented in a business environment using a real-life example. The business research process involves six stages that include clarifying the research question, research proposal, research design strategy, data collection and preparation, data analysis and interpretation, and research reporting (O’Neil, V.J). The real-life model that will be used for this paper is the case study of evaluating storytelling as a method for training at Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas Company (O’Neil, V.J.). The theory of storytelling as a method for training versus field training is the motivation for performing the research. They identified the research question (stage 1) as “Is storytelling an effective method for training Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas?” (O’Neil, V.J.). The research proposal (stage 2) was skipped in this case study. The research design strategy (stage 3) was “to determine the effectiveness of storytelling” (O’Neil, V.J.) in the case study. They used Donald Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Evaluation where they identified four primary questions to guide the research. These questions included participant reaction, what was learned from the technical and leadership lessons, was the behavior transferred...
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...The Research Process HCS/465 November 2, 2012 The Research Process In the research process, many questions must be answered to provide validity in the article being read. Evaluating quantitative research and qualitative research is the beginning of the process. Supporting evidence is a way to validate the creditability of the content read. Three types of literature typically reviewed are theoretical literature, empirical literature, and the use of primary and secondary sources. The hypothesis must be stated in the article and must be categorized as null, directional, or research based. The hypothesis statement must contain variables. Variables in the content of research can be defined as confounding variables, environmental variables, and demographic variables. Sampling is also used to collect data for research. With the above taken into consideration, this paper will evaluate a journal article based on diabetes and reproductive health in women. The Problem with Diabetes and Procreation In this journal article, the main problem or objective the study was conducted to resolve is to seek knowledge for health care professionals on how to administer appropriate advice to women with diabetes concerning reproductive health. This topic is important for health care professionals to study because giving appropriate advice concerning reproduction and making informed decisions between the patient and the health care professional. The purpose of this...
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...Conducting Scholarly Research The following tutorials and information are mandatory, though no assignment is required to be submitted. The skills developed in these tutorials will be used throughout the nursing program. Evaluating the resources you use One of the major challenges today, with the sheer amount of information available at your fingertips via the Web, is determining the reliability of the information presented. It can be quite difficult to determine the quality, authenticity, and authority of the information you encounter. However, there are a number of tools and skills at your disposal that help to determine if the information you find is trustworthy and of academic quality. Watch the Evaluating Websites tutorial to learn more about how to determine the quality of information found on the Web. Review the tutorial: “Evaluating Websites,” located at http://my.gcu.edu/about/tutorialResources/Pages/EvaluatingWebsites.aspx What makes a resource scholarly? Throughout your courses at GCU you will be encouraged to use scholarly resources to support your assignments and discussion questions. But what is a scholarly source? Simply put, a scholarly source is a resource or research created, published, and or written by scholars and professionals in a specific discipline. In addition, a scholarly source should have undergone rigorous fact checking and peer review to ensure the research and information presented is of strong academic quality. The bulk of scholarly...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS-465 July 16.2012 Evaluating the Research Process The following paper will address the research process using the article Knowledge and attitude about colon cancer screening among African Americans. The research process consists of nine parts that include; selecting a problem, formulating a hypothesis, reviewing the literature, listing the measures, describing the subjects, constructing a design, constructing and identifying measurement devices, analysis of the data, and generating conclusions (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). Upon evaluating the research process to the article, the paper will discuss how the literature review is used in the research, what the ethical considerations are for data collection, what the data describes in terms of statistical analyses, whether or not the findings are statistically significant, state if the conclusions match the results of the study and if the conclusion answer the research question in the definition of the problem, explain whether or not the conclusions are appropriate, and detail if there is enough information on the effectiveness of the study. Research process components in the article The first step in the research process is selecting a problem that involves deciding what the research will focus on. Selecting the problem requires research to ask questions and communicate with peers who may also have knowledge of the research topic (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). The problem selected in the article...
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