...international marketer must change his marketing goals in the various countries of operation. | | | B) | The international marketer must deal with at least two levels of uncontrollable uncertainty instead of one. | | | C) | Technological standardization could challenge effective customization in different markets. | | | D) | International trade regulations still do not allow free trade in most markets across the globe. | | | E) | Lack of competent skills makes effective service a major challenge. | | | | | | | | 4 INCORRECT | | Which of the following would be considered to be an uncontrollable element in the foreign environment? | | | A) | Channels of distribution | | | B) | Research | | | C) | Economic forces | | | D) | Promotion | |...
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...the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes the rule of the few; it often includes election rigging, political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors, a bureaucracy that sometimes operates independently of rules, which does not properly supervise elected officials, and fails to serve the concerns of the constituencies they purportedly serve. Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of political power, a leadership that is "self-appointed and even if elected cannot be displaced by citizens' free choice among competitors," the arbitrary deprivation of civil liberties, and little tolerance for meaningful opposition; A range of social controls also attempt to stifle civil society, while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the armed forces, a pervasive bureaucracy staffed by the regime, and creation of allegiance through various means of socialization and indoctrination. Authoritarian political systems may be weakened through "inadequate performance to demands of the people." Vestal writes that the tendency to respond to challenges to authoritarianism through tighter control instead of adaptation is a significant weakness, and that this overly rigid approach fails to "adapt to changes or to accommodate growing demands on the part...
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...comprehensive overview of prevalent business strategies of U.S. trading partners as well as a forecast of their international business policies. Diverse macro-environmental variables, such as economy, culture, and regulations result in varying barriers to entry for U.S. based firms to conduct business in U.S trading partners’ countries. This thesis will determine how these macro-environmental factors foster or stunt growth and strategies governments employ to attract businesses. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Marketing First Advisor Harash Sachdev Keywords International trade, Foreign trade regulation, Investments, Foreign China, Investments, Foreign India, Investments, Foreign Hungary, United States Foreign economic relations Subject Categories International Business This open access senior honors thesis is available at DigitalCommons@EMU: http://commons.emich.edu/honors/167 U.S. Business and Global Barriers to Entry Eastern Michigan University Honors College Senior Thesis By Caitlin Long Sponsored by...
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...IBUS%3100%–%TEXTBOOK%NOTES% CHAPTER%1%–%GLOBALIZATION% WHAT%IS%GLOBALIZATION?% • Globalization:+ shift% towards% a% more% integrated% and% independent% world% economy% –% away% from% distinct% national% economic%units,%towards%one%huge%global%market% Merging%of%historically%distinct%and%separate%national%markets%into%one%huge%global%marketplace% Argument%–%tastes/preferences%of%consumers%in%different%nations%beginning%to%converge%to%some%global%norm%% Standardized%products%such%as%CocaTCola,%McDonald’s%and%iPods%help%create%a%global%market%% Significant%differences%still%exist%between%national%markets%along%many%dimensions,%i.e.%tastes/preferences,%distribution% channels,%value%and%business%systems,%and%legal%regulation% Most%global%markets%–%markets%for%industrial%goods%and%materials%that%serve%universal%need% Sourcing%of%goods/services%from%locations%around%the%globe%to%take%advantage%of%national%differences%in%cost%and%quality% of%factors%of%production%+ Aim%is%to%lower%overall%cost%structure%of%an%entity%and/or%improve%quality/functionality%of%product%offering%+ Impediments% to% global% production% include% –% formal/informal% barriers% to% trade,% barriers% to% foreign% direct% investment,% transportation%costs,%and%issues%associated%with%economic%+%political%risk+ Regulation,%management,%and%policing%of%global%marketplace%necessary%as%markets%globalize%further% General+Agreement+on+Tariffs+and+Trade+(GATT):+international%treaty%that%committed%signatories%to%lower%barriers%...
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...Tourist Studies http://tou.sagepub.com/ Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung and Stijn Reijnders Tourist Studies 2013 13: 287 originally published online 30 August 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Tourist Studies can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tou.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tou.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287.refs.html >> Version of Record - Nov 18, 2013 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 30, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from tou.sagepub.com at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University on January 5, 2014 498164 2013 TOU13310.1177/1468797613498164Tourist StudiesDung and Reijnders ts Article Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung Stijn Reijnders Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands Tourist Studies 13(3) 287–303 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 tou.sagepub.com Leiden University, The Netherlands Abstract This article examines from a European-Asian perspective the relationship between media representations and the tourist’s imagination...
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...This page intentionally left blank Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page i 2/10/11 2:28 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page ii 2/11/11 2:35 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing...
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...anthropological perspective. Although acknowledging the multiplicity of cultures, the authors of this book consider that the fundamental aspect of culture is that it is something all humans learn in one way or another. It is not something people inherit, but rather a code of attitudes, norms and values, a way of thinking that is learnt within a social environment. Family, the social environment, school, friends, work – all these help to form this code and determine how people see themselves and the world. The national culture and the particular region which people live in also help to shape a person’s cultural profile. Although culture is reflected in individual behaviour, it is a way of thinking shared by individuals in a particular society that makes culture what it is. Table I.1 Diverse definitions of culture Topical Culture consists of everything on a list of topics, or categories, such as social organization, religion and economy Historical Culture is social...
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...the following: A. Until the 1980s, those who carried out accounting work were not held in high regard in society, and this has had an adverse effect on the development of the accounting profession in China. B. Accounting and auditing in China have taken different paths in their development processes. Auditing firms audited mainly domestic companies, and were under the State Administration of Audit (SAA), whereas accounting firms focused on companies using foreign investments and were sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. C. Unlike in the U.K., where there was a good legislative and judicial environment during the early stages of the development of the profession, in China, a market-oriented legislative and judicial environment is still emerging. D. Unlike in the U.K., where auditors receive support from the established professional bodies, these support mechanisms are still lacking in China. II. The recent economic reform program stimulated the growth of the accounting profession in China. A. With the recognition by the State of joint stock company form, the demands for financial information from investors and other interested parties increased. B. The establishment of two stock exchanges helped rapid growth of the accounting activities. C. Various government regulations on the implementation of economic reform measures require the involvement of independent auditors. D. The laws on joint ventures with foreign...
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...SATAKUNNAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU SATAKUNTA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Anna Tulinen FACING THE CHALLENGES IN EXPORTING TO RUSSIA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS RAUMA Degree Programme in International Business and Marketing Logistics 2007 TIIVISTELMÄ VENÄJÄN VIENNIN HAASTEIDEN KOHTAAMINEN Tulinen, Anna Satakunnan ammattikorkeakoulu International Business and Marketing Logistics Liiketalouden Rauman yksikkö Tammikuu 2007 Tanhua, Daniela Sivumäärä: 85 Avainsanat: kansainvälinen kauppa, vienti, Venäjä Opinnäytetyön aiheena on Venäjän viennin ongelmien tutkiminen. Työ pitää sisällään teoreettisen osuuden, jonka pohjalta empiirinen tutkimus on tehty. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää minkälaisia ongelmia pienet ja keskisuuret suomalaiset yritykset kohtaavat viedessään tuotteitaan Venäjälle. Venäjän WTO-jäsenyysneuvottelut ovat loppuvaiheessaan ja työn tarkoituksena on myös eritellä niitä etuja, joita tuo jäsenyys saattaa tuoda mukanaan Venäjän kauppaa käyville yrityksille. Teoreettinen osuus kuvailee kansainvälistä kauppaa ja vientiä. Osassa, joka käsittelee kansainvälistä kauppaa, kuvaillaan lyhyesti kansainvälistä markkinointi ympäristöä sekä luetellaan kansainvälisen kaupan esteet ja ne syyt, joiden mukaan valtiot pyrkivät estämään kansainvälistä kauppaa. Kappaleen loppu keskittyy käsittelemään logistiikan tärkeyttä ja ongelmia kansainvälisessä kaupassa. Viennin osuudessa käsitellään viennin peruskäsitteitä sekä kansainvälisen kaupan dokumentaatiota ja tullin roolia. Viitekehys yhdistää...
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...The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture Michele J. Gelfand Jeanne M. Brett Editors STANFORD BUSINESS BOOKS The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture Edited by miche le j. ge lfand and jeanne m. brett Stanford Business Books An imprint of Stanford University Press Stanford, California 2004 C Stanford University Press Stanford, California C 2004 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford, Jr., University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The handbook of negotiation and culture / edited by Michele J. Gelfand and Jeanne M. Brett. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8047-4586-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Negotiation. 2. Conflict management. 3. Negotiation—Cross-cultural studies. 4. Conflict management—Cross-cultural studies. I. Gelfand, Michele J. II. Brett, Jeanne M. bf637.n4 h365 2004 302.3—dc22 2003025169 Typeset by TechBooks in 10.5/12 Bembo Original printing 2004 Last figure below indicates year of this printing: 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 Contents List of Tables and Figures Foreword Preface xi xv ix ...
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...Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Kenneth Fee The University of Sunderland © 2013 The University of Sunderland First published September 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission of the copyright owner. While every effort has been made to ensure that references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2...
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...3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page i International Human Resource Management 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page ii 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page iii second edition International Human Resource Management edited by A n n e - Wi l H a r z i n g J o r i s Va n R u y s s e v e l d t SAGE Publications London l Thousand Oaks l New Delhi 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page iv © Anne-Wil Harzing and Joris van Ruysseveldt, 2004 First published 2004 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Olivers Yard London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42, Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 100 017 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7619 4039 1 ISBN 0 7619 4040 5 (pbk) Library of Congress Control Number...
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...easier and faster than before to implement complex interactions. By pushing computer keys a banker can almost instantaneously transfer sums of money between London and New York, between New York and Bangkok, between Bangkok and Paris, and so on. The political and legal institutions of these different countries no longer present insurmountable obstacles to doing business between them. The problems of predicting the effects of globalization in part stem from uncertainties about how the notion should be defined. These uncertainties arise because the terms are used in many different ways. Gowan (1999) reflects on this ambiguity in the introduction to his text: The 1990s have been the decade of globalization. We see its effects everywhere: in economic, social and political life, around the world. Yet the more all-pervasive are these effects, the more elusive is the animal itself. An enormous outpouring of academic literature has failed to provide an agreed view of its physiognomy or its location and some reputable academics of Right and Left even question its very existence. It is not necessary to agree on a single definition. What is more important is that the manager recognizes that different definitions are in currency, and identifies that which serves his/her purposes. Different specialists use the term with other meanings focused on their particular interests. The specialist meanings examined below are as follows: * globalization for politicians and political scientists;...
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...Critical Theories of Globalization Chamsy el-Ojeili and Patrick Hayden Critical Theories of Globalization Also by Chamsy el-Ojeili CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION: Humanity, Justice and the Renewal of Politics FROM LEFT COMMUNISM TO POSTMODERNISM: Reconsidering Emancipatory Discourse Also by Patrick Hayden AMERICA’S WAR ON TERROR CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION: Humanity, Justice and the Renewal of Politics COSMOPOLITAN GLOBAL POLITICS JOHN RAWLS: Towards a Just World Order THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN RIGHTS Critical Theories of Globalization Chamsy el-Ojeili Department of Sociology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Patrick Hayden School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, UK © Patrick Hayden and Chamsy el-Ojeili 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents...
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...Cross-Cultural Communication Theory and Practice Barry Tomalin; Brian J. Hurn ISBN: 9780230391147 DOI: 10.1057/9780230391147 Palgrave Macmillan Please respect intellectual property rights This material is copyright and its use is restricted by our standard site license terms and conditions (see palgraveconnect.com/pc/connect/info/terms_conditions.html). If you plan to copy, distribute or share in any format, including, for the avoidance of doubt, posting on websites, you need the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. To request permission please contact rights@palgrave.com. Cross-Cultural Communication 10.1057/9780230391147 - Cross-Cultural Communication, Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Griffith University - PalgraveConnect - 2014-04-12 This page intentionally left blank 10.1057/9780230391147 - Cross-Cultural Communication, Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Griffith University - PalgraveConnect - 2014-04-12 Cross-Cultural Communication Theory and Practice Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Griffith University - PalgraveConnect - 2014-04-12 10.1057/9780230391147 - Cross-Cultural Communication, Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin © Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin 2013 Foreword © Jack Spence 2013 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this...
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