...international competition. Therefore, it is necessary to research the competitive status of Chinese national aviation, as well as advice on how to enhance the competitiveness of the Chinese aviation industry. The main objective of this paper is to propose FAHP as an effective solution for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines’ competitiveness. In this paper, we review the research of industrial international aviation competitiveness at both home and abroad, discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness, establish an index system with 5 first-order indicators and 17 second-order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluate the competitiveness of 5 major Chinese airlines. The results show that this model and these indicators are scientific and practical, with a wide range of application prospects for the purpose of improving and increasing Chinese airline competitiveness in the international market. The effective approach presented in this paper is especially applicable when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable, or when suitable decision makers are not available. Keywords: aviation competitiveness; simple fuzzy numbers; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Along with...
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...B, GUFFEY, DARLY M, & MCMILLIAN, JEFFERY J JOURNAL OF BUSSINES ETHICS INTRODUCTION Many studies have noted differences in ethical judgments across individuals within organizations, industries, and countries. Such differences tend to become more pronounced and problematic when one enters the international arena, because members of different national cultures frequently apply different ethical standards and criteria This remains a vexing challenge for those engaged in international trade. This gave us the opportunity to observe cross-cultural differences firsthand, using our own students as subjects. Initially, our data originated as a class exercise intended simply to motivate discussion. As is customary in marketing and business ethics classes, students were asked to read a printed scenario, to rate the ethics of the actor in the scenario, and to discuss justify their evaluations. The discussions revealed the ethical criteria applied by the students and the importance weightings they placed on each criterion. It was our observation of the pronounced differences evident across national groups that sparked our investigation into the sources of these differences. This study was also motivated by our curiosity concerning whether U.K students ethical evaluations would be similar to those of their North American counterparts (by merit of being Anglophones) or similar to their French counterparts (by merit of being European, an...
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...TITLE: Measurement and Evaluation COURSE CODE: PDE 5109 ASSIGNMENT: State the differences and similarities between measurements and evaluation. Differences between measurements and evaluation MEASUREMENT | EVALUATION | 1 | Measurement refers to the process by which the attributes or dimensions of some physical objects are determined. | Evaluation referrers to the process designed to provide information that will help us make judgment about a given situation. | 2 | Measurement uses standard instruments to determine the magnitude of physical quantities. | Evaluation sometimes relies on the information from measurements and assessments to determine the worthiness or appropriateness of something or a given situation. | 3 | Measurement involves the systematic way of assigning numerals to persons, objects or places based on a logical and acceptable goal. | Evaluation involves value based judgments on quantified attributes of a person, situation, objects or places to determine the goodness, validity, legality, etc. | 4 | Measurement is the process of quantifying observations or descriptions about a quantity or attribute of a thing or person. Thondike and Hagen (1986). It is the process of quantifying assessment data. | Evaluation referrers to the comparison of data to a standard for the purpose of judging worth or quality. | 5 | Measurement houses only test of magnitudes and numbers | Evaluation houses measurement and...
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...Evaluating Assignment Evaluation is a form of argumentative writing in which the writer must make a firm judgment about something and persuade the reader that this judgment is sound. The judgment must express the difference between the criteria (ideal) and the evidence (real) in an orderly, logical fashion. With a specific audience in mind, evaluate a consumer product or service, book, work of art or movie. Make sure you can observe the object of your evaluation more than once. You are allowed to use some sources other than your product, and if you do you must include an appropriate reference page, works cited or bibliography. You are not allowed to cite reviews of your product. If you have another idea for your evaluation, it must be approved by your instructor. The essay that you write should arrive at a judgment based on the criteria you establish and the evidence you collect. Length: 780-1200 words but no more than five double-spaced pages. Audience: must be at least a college-level reader. The final draft of this essay is due on ____________________________. Three copies of your rough draft are due__________________________. Evaluation: I will read the final draft of your essay with the following questions in mind: 1. Does the writer present the subject in an interesting and informative way, providing enough–but not too many–details (evidence) to orient the reader/audience? Is the evidence varied, correctly cited, and relevant to the audience...
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...Objective 317.1.6-03-06 and 317.1.6-08-10 The manufacturing plant currently does not have a sound system of performance evaluation. The current system addresses the friendliness of the employee, the orderliness of the employee’s workspace, and the attitude of the employee towards others. The current performance evaluation does not address the needs of the employee by properly preparing the employee for the goals of the company. The employee has not been given or been informed of the standards of the company. Standards or goals, when issued upfront, enhance performance, motivate, and in turn serve as a basis to evaluate after a set period of time. Performance standards should be set for all bottom-line practices including quantity, quality, time used, and cost. An effective performance evaluation system is based on accurate performance standards that are easily defined, measured, and standardized for all employees. Behavioral evaluations are based on observable aspects of performance while trait evaluation involves personal judgment regarding characteristics of an employee related to performance. Some examples of trait appraisals would be initiative, leadership, and attitude. Behavioral evaluation is based on whether or not an employee is actively aware and proactive in developing procedures to improve the organization. It is also necessary to evaluate the specific job related criteria needed to perform the activity. In this case, the engineer is described as a...
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...EVALUATION The sixth phase of the nursing process Is defined as the judgment of the effectiveness of nursing care to meet clients goals based on client’s behavioral responses. Nurses use a variety of skills to judge the effectiveness of nursing care. This skills include knowledge of standards of care, normal client responses, and conceptual models and theories of nursing; ability to monitor the effectiveness of nursing interventions; and the awareness of clinical research . critical appraisal of goal attainment is determined jointly by the nurse and client. The plan of care is the foundation for evaluation. The identified nursing diagnoses, client goals, outcome criteria, and nursing interventions are the guides . through this process, nurses determine the appropriateness, accuracy, and relevance of these nursing care components. Also helps to discover any errors that may have occurred in previous steps. * Figure 13-4 illustrate the relationship of the activities of the evaluation phase to the other phases of the nursing process. *( se debe adjuntar esa imagen a la presentacion ) There are several purposes for carrying evaluation: • To collect subjective and objective data to make judgments about nursing care delivered. • To examine the client’s behavioral responses to nursing interventions. • To compare the client’s behavioral responses with predetermined outcome criteria. • To appraise the extent to which client goals were attained or problems resolved. •...
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...The Balanced Scorecard: Judgmental Effects of Common and Unique Performance Measures Author(s): Marlys Gascho Lipe and Steven E. Salterio Source: The Accounting Review, Vol. 75, No. 3 (Jul., 2000), pp. 283-298 Published by: American Accounting Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/248614 . Accessed: 11/03/2014 05:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Accounting Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Accounting Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 131.181.108.165 on Tue, 11 Mar 2014 05:15:52 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW Vol. 75, No. 3 July 2000 pp. 283-298 The Balanced Effects Scorecard: of Common Judgmental and Unique Performance Measures Marlys Gascho Lipe University of Oklahoma Steven E. Salterio University of Waterloo ABSTRACT: The balanced scorecard is a new tool that complements traditional measures of business unit performance. The scorecard...
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...Work Performance Evaluation Employee: _______________________________ Position: __________________________________ Period Covered: From ___________ To _____________ Evaluating Supervisor: _____________________________________ Date Prepared: ______________ Quality of Work: Accuracy and acceptability of work performed Outstanding 1 Highest possible quality, no mistakes Above Average 1 Few errors Average 1 No more mistakes than should be expected Fair 1 Improvement needed Unacceptable 1 Excessive errors Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Initiative: The degree to which the employee acts independently Outstanding 1 Little or no supervision needed; highly resourceful Above Average 1 Thinks and acts independently; resourceful in new situations Average 1 Requires average amount of supervision Fair 1 Requires close supervision and frequent instruction Unacceptable 1 Takes no personal initiative; constant close supervision Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Productivity: Completes the standard...
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...“In consequence, I’m inclined to reserve all judgments; a habit has opened up many curious natures to me and also made me the victim of not a few veteran bores.” (Ch.1, pg. 1) The narrator is perhaps the most important component in bringing life to the text. A unique point of view provides the reader with a subliminal value hidden within the text. Fitzgerald’s novel “The Great Gatsby” is fantastic in the way that it contains a narrator whose reliability is questionable. The narrator Nick Caraway is a first person peripheral narrator in which he witnesses the main character’s story and recounts it to the reader. He seems to be a reliable narrator to an extent in which he is biased especially with his judgment on the other characters in the...
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... The difference between good and evil is that they are quality judgments, just like hot and cold, light and dark, and near and far are quality judgments. Quality judgments are evaluations that we humans make relative to our own experience as human beings. Hot is what is hot to us. Far is what is far to us. Good is what is good to us. Evil is what is bad to us. Good and evil are quality judgments that we make relative to ourselves and our experiences here on Earth. But if good and evil are quality judgments, what's the quantity being judged? And what's the phenomena being quantified? At a glance I would say that the quantity that good and evil qualify is morality. Good and evil are moral evaluations, so morality is the scale being used to quantify the phenomena. And if morality is a scale we are using to quantify a phenomenon, then the phenomena would by definition be human behavior, as morality applies only to human behavior. Or to view it from the other way round, there is a perceived phenomenon that we define as human behavior. We measure the range of that behavior using morality as our scale, and we qualify this range of morality as being good or evil depending upon how it affects us experientially. So essentially, then, good and evil are quality judgments passed by ourselves, relative to ourselves, about ourselves. Some of us are really not going to like this idea: that good and evil are quality judgments passed by us, on us, about how our own behavior affects us. They...
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...answer on? Skill in problem solving, issue analysis, and decision making is increasingly expected of employees. Chapter 1, page 5 4. The right hemisphere of the brain governs what responses? The left hemisphere of the brain handles what tasks? What page(s) in the text did you find the answer on? The right hemisphere, it was learned, governs nonverbal, symbolic, and intuitive responses. Chapter 1, page 6 5. What are the two distinct phases of the mind? What page(s) in the text did you find the answer on? The extravagance of popularizers notwithstanding, neurophysiological research seems to parallel cognitive psychologists’ earlier realization that the mind has two distinct phases—the production phase and the judgment phase— that complement each other during problem solving and decision making. Chapter 1, page 7 6. Is good thinking a habit, yes or no? What page(s) in the text did you find the answer on? GOOD THINKING IS A HABIT It is frequently said that good thinkers are born, not made. Although there is an element of truth in this,...
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...Rachels Chap3 1. According to Rachels ethical subjectivism is the idea that a. different cultures have different moral codes. b. different individuals have different moral codes. c. our moral opinions are based on our feelings and our culture. d. our moral opinions are based on our feelings and nothing more. e. all of the above. f. two of the above. g. none of the above. 2. According to ethical subjectivism is the idea that a. there is such thing as objective right and wrong. b. there is no such thing as objective right and wrong. c. there are moral absolutes. d. sometimes there are moral absolutes and sometimes there are not. e. all of the above. f. two of the above. g. none of the above. 3. According to ethical subjectivism when we say that actions are evil a. we are only saying that we have positive feelings about them. b. we are only saying that we have negative feelings about them. c. we are only saying that sometimes we have positive feelings and sometimes we have negative feelings about them. d. all of the above. e. two of the above. f. none of the above. 4. Ethical subjectivism begins with the idea of David Hume that a. morality is a matter of fact rather than sentiment. b. morality is a matter of rationality rather than sentiment. c. morality is a matter of sentiment rather than fact. d. sometimes morality is a matter of sentiment, sometimes a matter of rationality...
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...Performance Appraisal BUS 303 Human Resources Management Professor Munich Cabble-Ware February 9, 2015 Performance Appraisals and evaluations are sensitive areas for managers and employees to discuss with each other and must be done correctly. Positive employee productivity can be the result of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work engagement on a positive review. A negative productivity report of an employee can be cynicism of the job and disengagement. (Youssef, 2012). A performance appraisal and evaluation can affect employees in different ways. There are many common outcomes that can result from performance appraisal and evaluations of an employee that organizations use to demonstrate the needs and goals of the company. Performance evaluations help to support salary increases, promotions, transfers, demotions and terminations. They help with communicating job performance status to subordinate employees and suggesting areas of improvement whether it is job knowledge and skills, behavior and attitude. They also allow the supervisor to counsel the employee and identify performance inadequacies. By successfully conducting an evaluation with questions and answers by supervisor and employee will establish areas of strengths and weaknesses. Strategic advantages of performance evaluations are forms of incentives to sustain a culture of rewarding employees based on their job performance. This establishes loyalty and commitment to the organization...
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...plaintiff-respondent and cross-appellant (Barry & McMoran, attorneys; Mr. McMoran, of counsel; Mr. McMoran, John J. Barry, Colleen D. Shiarella, and Carmen J. DiMaria, on the brief). The opinion of the court was delivered by Defendants Schering-Plough Corporation (Schering), James Reed (Reed), Ronald Martino (Martino), and Jerome A. Sherman (Sherman) appeal (1) from a judgment of the Law Division entered on a jury verdict that awarded plaintiff Ferdinand C. Maiorino (Maiorino) (a) compensatory damages in the total amount of $435,000, consisting of $180,000 for back pay, $200,000 for front pay, and $55,000 for pain, suffering, and humiliation, and (b) punitive damages in the amount of $8,000,000 against Schering; (2) from an award of attorneys' fees and costs totalling $396,989.35; and (3) from a post-judgment order that denied their motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, a new trial, or a remittitur in this age discrimination suit brought pursuant to the provisions of the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, N.J.S.A. 10:5-1, et seq. Maiorino cross-appeals from that portion of the judgment that awarded him attorneys' fees and costs totalling $396,989.35, contending that the trial court should have applied a contingency fee enhancer to the lodestar to increase his award of attorneys' fees. The proofs at trial established that Schering is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products with a net worth of approximately $1,820,800,000 and an annualized 1994 net income...
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...PM 598 FINAL EXAM KELLER A+ Graded Tutorial Available At: http://hwsoloutions.com/?product=pm-598-final-exam-keller Visit Our website: http://hwsoloutions.com/ Product Description PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PM 598 FINAL EXAM KELLER, (TCO A) All the below are tools and techniques of conduct procurement, except (Points : 5) bidder’s conferences, negotiations, and advertising. analytical techniques, expert judgments, and evaluation techniques. estimates, bidder’s conferences, and evaluation techniques. negotiations, make-or-buy decisions, and advertising. (TCO A) All the below are tools and techniques of control procurement, except (Points : 5) claims administration, payment systems, and procurement SOW. performance reviews, record management systems, and change control systems. change control systems, payment systems, and inspections and audits. records management systems, claims administration, and performance reporting. (TCO B) Proper selection criteria are critical for a successful project. All of the below would be considered good selection criteria for a buyer to use to select a seller, except (Points : 5) managerial approach of seller, references of seller, and ability of seller to make a reasonable make-or-buy decision. past work done by seller, intellectual property rights, and risk associated with a given seller. technical capability of seller, understanding of work by seller, and business type of seller. financial capacity of seller, overall cost,...
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