...Review: Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition The development of sports from their early stages, their metamorphosis and evolution to their current form and status is one of the most interesting areas of study. Unfortunately, most writers on such subjects only concentrate on the sport itself and players without exploring other ulterior factors that influence the development of a sport such as the emotional, economic and social environment. The book, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball by Warren Goldstein is one of the few that have managed to avoid this perennial mistake. This paper is a review of the book, its content, author, objectives and ideas. The book traces the roots and development of baseball. It explains how it began with the culture of organized baseball in 1850's and later graduated from an amateur sport to a professional one a few decades later, thereafter developing into a business. The book not only traces the sport’s linear development, explaining the chronological events that marked its evolution, but also the constant and recurrent elements that have characterized it through different generations, the cyclical history. The writer shows how the game was an amateur club-based sport when it began around 1857. At the time, the main players were clerks, artisans and shopkeepers; there was nothing professional about the sport. Around twenty years later, the face of baseball had changed with businessmen taking advantage...
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...There are many different things that have been technically changed and fixed to become better, and with sports the equipment is always being altered. While playing any sport you need to know almost everything there is to know about your equipment. You must know where it came from, how it is best used, and why you should use it. With the sport Baseball whoever is playing will use a bat. A bat is used to hit the ball so you can get on base and try to score for your team. There are many different types, brands, and sizes of bats. You must make sure it is the bat you want and the one that is best for you. When baseball first started they didn't have what we call a bat now. They used a four inch flat bat. The handle was tapered so the player could...
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...Baseball America’s Past-time Author: Dane A Smith SO103 JAN 18, 2015 Baseball as we know it today began as a folk game in many civilizations throughout the world, but can be traced back most closely to England. Several alternate versions were played in Colonial America, including stoolball, cricket, and other "bat and ball" games. References to "baseball" can be traced back to 1791, but modern day baseball first came to light, according to many, when Abner Doubleday wrote the rules for the game in 1939 in Cooperstown, New York. Another version of the rules, this time written by Alexander Cartright in 1845, came about for the first official baseball team, the New York Knickerbockers. By 1857, adult baseball clubs came together and created the National Association of Base Ball Players, forming the first official Baseball League. The National League of American Baseball Players would evolve to the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs in 1875. Until the 1880s, African American, "Indian", Southern and Central Americans, played in these baseball clubs, including players Fleet and Welday Walker. However, these players would be demoted out of the Major Leagues in the 1880s, and Major League Baseball would remain a "White Only" sport until 1947 with the signing of Jackie Robinson to the...
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...The 1920’s: Baseball Uniform The decade of the 1920’s is often characterized as a period of American prosperity and optimism. This was the Jazz Age, the decade of the flappers. The 1920’s opened with an explosion of color and the wailing sounds and fast rhythms of jazz and energetic dancing. It was a time of tremendous change in America. America was one of the victors in the First World War and it enjoyed a period of great prosperity in the twenties. The Americans were opposed to anything that might drag them into another European war. Many Americans simply wanted to enjoy the prosperity that had developed in the previous decade and felt that foreign entanglements would threaten it. For the next decade America kept to herself for the most part. Most Americans enjoyed a high standard of living. Food was plentiful and cheap thanks to the vast quantity produced on American farms. More and more people bought their own houses through mortgages. Thanks to Henry Ford and mass production, one could buy a ford for $290. It was the “Roaring Twenties,” the decade of bath tub gin, the model T, the $5 work day, the first transatlantic flight, and the movie. It was the great age of popular entertainment. Among the world of entertainment, there were sports. Baseball’s growing popularity in the 1920’s can be measured by structural and cultural changes that helped transform the game. Ballparks were being constructed left and right. In 1920 the Cubs Field was opened and in 1926 re-named to...
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...there. In his final years in New Jersey, he was a prominent member and later president of the Theosophical Society. Doubleday has been historically credited with inventing baseball, although this appears to be untrue. Early years Doubleday, the son of Ulysses F. Doubleday and...
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...people have always been infatuated with competitive play against one another. We owe this anomaly to the primeval mentalities left behind through human evolution; and, we certainly have much to thank for these actions. Sporting, as is explained by renowned sports author Richard Davies, is the “Organized competitive activity between participants that requires some combination of skill and physical prowess.”1 Though, something more complex and unusual also comes with activity of this nature, and this is the ability to forget the destitution and difficulty of everyday life and the capability to be on a level playing field with many people that believe the same way, no matter what socio-economic class they represent. One sport in particular has transcended all other games, has continually been a psychological shelter from pain and hardships of life, and also a cultural rocket breaking through the social barriers in the American society. That sport is simply the most beloved American game of all, baseball. The purpose of this essay is to critically explore a myriad of aspects of life that have been changed due to sports, all the while concentrating on baseball as the main focal point. Further, this work will continually pose the question of how it is conceivable that a single and simple sport could greatly impact a country the way baseball has the United States. At the time of the first foreign inhabitants of North America, life was more difficult than someone of the twenty-first century...
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...In today’s society women are not allowed to play baseball with men due to patriarchal myths and misconceptions that have been around since the emergence of baseball in America. All women should be able to play baseball with men and there is no legitimate reason why they shouldn't. Women are physically, mentally, and emotionally capable of playing baseball just as men are. With that being said their biological sex or gender should not and does not affect their ability to play baseball in the company of men. In addition their sex should not deem their athletic ability as inferior in comparison to men. Since the adoption of baseball as an American pastime, the sport of baseball has been cultivated and altered to amputate women exuding the masculinity of baseball. The emergence of baseball as popular and profitable sport has failed to acknowledge and highlight the athletic abilities women. Instead its conception has affirmed women to be fragile and it has also depicted women to not have the skills or talents to play and compete alongside men. There are numerous individuals who are opposed to fusion of women and men on the baseball field. These individuals use demeaning stereotypes and beliefs to support their claims. Often these claims are false and are not supported by factual or scientific data. For example these claims say that women are weaker than men, women are not physically capable of playing sports, or a woman's place is in the home rather than on the playing field. These...
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...| BASEBALL | Bernaditta Caballero | | Columban College-Barretto | 3/19/2012 | | Introduction: Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The aim is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a batand touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot diamond. Players on the batting team take turns hitting against thepitcher of the fielding team, which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance via a teammate's hit or other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning and nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-eighteenth century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of East Asia. In North America, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central...
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...that if I learn what it takes to have good management, in future I could be able to have good management over my own company or even be a capable manager in other companies. My first lesson for Introduction to Management. I learnt about Evolution of Management and Management’s Culture on the first lesson. At the start of the lesson we were being asked to define the difference between efficient and effective. In my first thought was that the two words have about the same meaning. But I was enlightened that Efficient was to minimize wastage of resources, uses less resources to produce more and Effective was to meet goals to sustain competitive advantage. Management is working with people, resources to achieve organization goal efficiently. I learnt to define whether a manager has leadership and good management. Therefore I have determined that my manager have good management skills but a lack of leadership. Not only I was introduced to the four functions of management Planning is to define goals and establish strategies, Organizing is to assemble resources, Leadings is to lead employees to excel and Controlling is monitoring of work being process. I was introduced to many famous people who were successful in managing and the management evolution and how they manage in the past from before 1800’s to beyond 2000. Today’s lesson was about Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Culture. A lot of ethics and plagiarism was being told to us and I started to feel about...
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...Psychology 205 Athleticism vs Attractiveness Athleticism vs. Attractiveness Page 1 Abstract This study focused on the effect that being an athlete has on how attractive a person is found by those around them. 6 athletes, 3 male and 3 female (baseball/softball, lacrosse, and soccer players) were selected and photos of them either in their sports uniform or in their everyday clothing were shown to 200 random individuals in Shenendehowa High School East across a time span of one week. Those shown a photo of an athlete in their sports uniform were not also shown the photo of that same athlete in their everyday clothing, and those shown a photo of an athlete in their everyday clothing were not also shown the photo of that same athlete in their sports uniform. A hypothesis test performed on the resulting averages of the surveys handed out to participants showed no significant results. According to our findings, the fact that someone is an athlete has no effect how how attractive they are found by those around them. Page 2 Much research has been done on the topic of attractiveness and qualities that make people attractive. Attractiveness is a very broad topic that is hard to pinpoint because what is deemed “attractive” differs greatly from person to per...
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...Jake Cashen Prof. Ahrens English 102 10/24/2013 Fences In 1965, August Wilson’s “Fences” was created as the fifth part of his Pittsburg Cycle of dramas of the 20th Century investigation of the evolution of black culture (Gantt, 1; Gantt, 2).The play uses symbolism and metaphors that tell the late life story of Troy Maxon and the family that surrounds him. Even from the beginning of the drama there is conflict and foreshadowing that can be attributed to his own belief that he has failed in life, and that the world did not give him what he deserved. He believes that he has to go outside of the family to find refuge and that is how the story begins and ends. Using Formalistic analysis the essay will focus on the recurring themes in each act and scene of the drama to build to the last scene and the conclusion of the play (Chapter 3, 37).The point of view throughout the play is told through the eyes of Troy Maxon as viewed by the audience. He is the lead in the drama, and all plots revolve around his life and his decisions, some good and others not so good. These recurring themes also give the audience an understanding as to the life of the African American, both male and female, in the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s. Life was improving in the sense of gaining citizenship, but this was also before the civil rights movement and shows that citizenship did not mean acceptance or understanding of the assimilated African American culture, or putting into the open the injustice...
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...For most fans who show little interest in the sport of baseball, most know about the home run and the excitement that comes with it. Therefore it is the most appealing play in the game of baseball and can be increased with the use of PEDs. An athlete's goal is to be the “strongest, fastest, most home run hitting dude in the world then, why wouldn’t you find every tool known to man to make that a reality” (Tirado). If PEDs were freely available, players would be able to crack more dingers and increase interest of all spectators. In 2000, run production on per game averages increased to above 10 as it stood at 8 runs per game in 1992 as a record 17 hitters had over 40 home runs in the ‘97-’99 seasons. Not only do PEDs increase a hitters’ power at the plate, they also generated more five tool players. These special players excel at hitting for average, power, speed, throwing...
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...Abstract As you read, you will learn about the wonderful game of baseball and a different outlook on the sport. It is a popular sport in America. The rest of the world looks to America as a guiding force. They view America as the baseball empire of the world. Major league baseball is the envy of the world. Baseball has very broad cultural, social, and geographic impacts that go deeper than we think. We will briefly examine the diverse and changing social, economic, and political meanings of this activity in different countries. Baseball has failed in the promotion in many European and African societies and we will discuss why. Baseball is an international sport that brings great experiences and great memories that last a lifetime. It can be very important in the bond of family. The swing, techniques, bat and balls are important and we will learn why it’s important to have proper training. Also you will read about players that have tarnished the sport and players that have changed baseball forever. Mainly this is a view of the importance of the sport worldwide and how it has changed the world through the guidance of American baseballs influence on the rest of the world. Sport of Baseball Internationally this game is viewed as a very powerful game. Baseball is the same in many ways all over the world. Every player is aiming to knock the ball out of the park or just feel lucky to get on base. Although the game has changed, the history of the...
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...Cinderella Ate My Daughter by Peggy Orenstein, addresses the princess stereotypes, unattainable body images, and pressures to be perfect that girls face throughout childhood and into adulthood. By narrating the story through her own experiences with her daughter, Daisy, Orenstein discusses the way marketers narrow girl's’ options by focusing on pink, princesses, and perfection. In order to understand the challenges and pressures girls encounter, Orenstein talks with mothers of other daughters and psychologists, travels to Disney, American Girl, the New York Toy Convention, a glitz pageant, and a Miley Cyrus concert, and researches classic fairy tales, the evolution of dolls, television shows, and websites. After learning about all things girl,...
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...HUMANITY AS A VIRUS The human being is one of the most progressed species in the world, with technological evolution as one of the biggest ways in which we can see how intellect is shown as one of the ways of measuring evolution. Where even intellect is measured on the grounds of how one is more intellectual advantaged and gifted than the other, IQ or intellectual sizing as, I might call it. We see evolution as, the strive to achieve perfection, this even includes the technological point of view, where the hardware, software development and their optimization are the key links to making equal to advancement in the world pushing for perfection even with the birth of AI. Your Motorola C133 is as good to you as a dead monkey that can learn to throw a baseball, no offence. As much as the bases of evolution are true, it is the human’s ground of perfection that are really staggering. This is; evolution cannot be better than the creation of the human or Homo sapiens species. The way humanity sees itself, like the perfect end to the evolutionary trail and it cannot get any better than it except for the eventual improvement of the species itself, thus giving the assumption that humanity is better than “animality”. This even gives the perception that humans have dominance over other forms of life, which is even pushed by religion and culture. Are we that in over our heads? Humanity is a dream of noble perfection and what some of us can say is spiritual entity which man hides under. Humans...
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