...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Humanities | | |ARTS/125 Version 2 | | |Pop Culture and the Arts | Copyright © 2010, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course explores the interactions between the arts, advertising, media, and lifestyle and cultural trends in contemporary American society. Familiarity will be gained with the various art forms and their relationship to mass media, personal and professional life, and in particular to how they contribute to the current conception of fine art and popular culture. Students are asked to examine current trends and cultural changes, assessing both the role the arts have played in creating them and the influence these cultural trends have on art itself. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view...
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...|[pic] |SYLLABUS | | |College of Humanities | | |ARTS/125 Version 2 | | |Pop Culture and the Arts | Copyright © 2010, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course explores the interactions between the arts, advertising, media, and lifestyle and cultural trends in contemporary American society. Familiarity will be gained with the various art forms and their relationship to mass media, personal and professional life, and in particular to how they contribute to the current conception of fine art and popular culture. Students are asked to examine current trends and cultural changes, assessing both the role the arts have played in creating them and the influence these cultural trends have on art itself. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view...
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...products a single brillant idea blossomed; pictures. George Eastman, an American inventor and philanthropist in the 1880‘s with a passion for photography had a dream.1 At the time photography was a very rare past time that only professionals had the knowledge and equipment to partake in. Eastman’s vision was to provide photography for the everyday consumer at low cost. Eastman accomplished this by starting the Eastman Dry Plate Company, which was a global leader in mass producing dry plates for many years. Within four years of of the commencement of research, negative paper was introduced and would be used for the next century. Film became so efficient and cheap, Eastman invented the first commercial camera called the “Kodak” which revolutionized the “point and shoot” concept as the world know its today. 1 The Kodak camera was so popular that Eastman decided to integrated Kodak into the company name. The newly founded and named Eastman Kodak Company in 1892 became so big they had to expand their facilities to New Jersey for access to new trade routes. This was the beginning of Kodak and the start of photography. Kodak’s history is mainly responsible for making the Kodak name what it is today. The initial products invented by Kodak like the camera and film opened doors and provided a foundation for innovation and success in the photography and developing industry. Furthermore, Kodak’s business model, although a failure, taught the world of business how to run a business. In today’s...
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...day. The major advantage that dry gelatin plates gave photographers of the time was the fact that they did not require a wet coating right after exposure for them to be developed. Eastman invented and started producing his next evolution of dry plates by evolving his design from using a gelatin coating, to using an emulsion coating. The business evolved from a partnership to a $200,000 corporation with 14 shareholders in 1884. At that same time, the company name was changed to EASTMAN Negative Paper. The next evolutionary step for the company was one year later in 1885. This is when the first transparent photographic film came to market. With this groundbreaking and revolutionary product, EASTMAN Negative Paper opened a wholesale office in London England. The next few years were so good at EASTMAN Negative Paper that they were able to employ a full-time research scientist to help the company in the commercialization of a flexible, transparent film. A few years later in 1888 the name Kodak was born and they adopted and marketed the slogan “You press the button – we do the rest”. The next years for Kodak were filled with the growth of their film product and the cameras that used the film, while they developed many new products for the photography industry they always stayed true to their core business of producing film and cameras. That is until the digital camera killed the film industry. The History and Core Business of Fujifilm In 1934, Fuji Photo Film Co. LTD...
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...Abstract Eastman Kodak Company and Fujifilm are competing corporations in the photography supply and equipment industry. When the industry changed both companies were impacted, but due to very unique management styles and ability to adapt to change one Fujifilm excelled while Kodak faltered and eventually declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2012. History of Kodak George Eastman founded Kodak, in 1888. The company’s early success was based on the new technology for cameras. The camera simplified the photo taking process (Williams, C. 2013) Kodak’s main focus was photography and imaging. They had an array of products that ranged from photography equipment, film, paper and color chemicals. In the1980’s, Kodak’s market share reached 90%. This was a very special moment in the company’s history. Kodak developed the first concept of the digital camera in 1975. Their executives could not imagine the world without traditional film; unfortunately, the idea was dropped because they feared it would threaten the company’s film business (Snyder, 2013). Digital cameras would become common; the technology started to spread and film sales dropped considerably at the late 1990’s. Kodak made a slow transition to digital technology. Unfortunately, their competitors adapted to change. This lead to Kodak’s loss of market shares both in the United States and worldwide. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. After one year of continuous battle to keep the company “alive”, the...
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...61822 Voice: (217) 265-5513 agarwalr@uiuc.edu Barry L. Bayus Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina CB 3490 Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Voice: (919) 962-3210 Barry_Bayus@UNC.edu Mary Tripsas Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Road Boston, MA 02163 Voice: (617) 495-8407 mtripsas@hbs.edu Preliminary Draft September, 2005 All authors contributed equally and are listed in alphabetical order. The paper has benefited from comments made by seminar participants at the Harvard Business School. All remaining errors are ours. * Abandoning Innovation in Emerging Industries Abstract Existing models of industry evolution describe a smooth pattern of emergence over time in which the number of firms in an industry increases, hits a peak, decreases as a result of a shakeout, and then stabilizes as the industry reaches maturity. Although this model has been well-accepted and the basic empirical finding holds true across a range of industries, we propose that the finding is not as robust as is generally assumed. We introduce an alternative pattern of evolution in which, during the emergent stage, an industry experiences a sharp decrease in the number of firms – a “mini shakeout” – before increasing again, reaching a final peak and undergoing a major shakeout as described in the extant literature. Using panel data across multiple product innovations introduced in the 20th century, we first show the pervasiveness of the mini shakeout phenomena. We then examine why some...
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...Digital Photography and Its Effects on Humanity: A Brief Examination of Three Examples Communication, Rapid Modification, Digital Artistic, & Advertising Laura Tavera DeVry University, Decatur Campus December 09, 2011 The digital world of photography change how humanity communicates and exchange images in a matter of few seconds provoking to have less privacy in your everyday life. Digital photos in the Web are very common, which is a useful tool for people to share memories and personal events, but once the pictures are downloaded and shared it’s impossible to erase. Almost everyone have digital access from either a camera phone or digital camera, which creates a whole new era of artistic art that helps humans to express feelings and emotions. Technology made it easier to play and experiment with common features of devices and programs to have a variety of pictures with different effects that creates artistic photos. Digital Photography transforms the view on how humanity has access to instant photos from family and friends, editing, and digital artistic. Events that Led to the Advancement Capturing digital images comes back in 1960s where NASA use digital signals to capture the surface of the moon with the help of computer technology to improve the images that the space probes were sending. The government used satellites to spy and helped to advanced digital imaging. The private sectors made big contributions like Texas Instruments invented a film-less electronic...
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...An Analysis of Early Cinema Movies play a very important role in our daily life. From the invention of first motion-picture camera in 1891 to the development of the concept of continuity editing, there were many films made. I have watched 15 of these early films and got to know some filmmakers at that time, found out their distributions and photography techniques. These films can be divided chronologically, the earliest films in the period from 1891 to 1895, like Edison Kinetoscope Record of a Sneeze; films in the late 1900s, such as Wash Day in Mexico, and developed films at the beginning of 20th century, like Life Rescue at Long Branch. This study will focus on the characteristics of patterns, contrast of different films and the evolution of early cinema. It can be said that Thomas Alva Edison invented the kinetoscope involuntarily. He meant to provide a visual accompaniment for his phonograph, however, with the improvement done by Dickson, the viewing machine, or kinetoscope, emerged. Edison attempted to design a machine that can make images and sounds synchronized and recorded simultaneously. But, synchronization proved impossible and kinetoscope films seldom have sound. As the first motion-picture camera, the kinetoscope represents the big progress in the field of cinema, and it obviously has many advances. First, it used perforated film to accomplish the synchronization of camera and projector. Second, the frames were held intermittently. Because...
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...of new technology where during those years, people are more likely to use digital photography instead of the old traditional photography films. Kodak were well-known in developing photographic products and the company has developed most of the components of digital photography, nevertheless the effort has lead to a severe impact on the company business. Question 1 What is your analysis of what has gone wrong so far? In the recent years, Kodak has undertaken a transformation from being the traditional film business to a new digital photography business but the effort was not acceptable which lead to sales decline in the United States ("TECHNOLOGY; Advice to Help Kodak" 2004). It is said that, by recruiting in two CEOs from different industries was not a good idea for Kodak (Rise and Fall 2014). Kodak thought that, the CEOs from a dissimilar industry would present in new ideas which might help Kodak to maintain its position in the industry and also to make profits (Rise and Fall 2014). Based on the case study, Kodak had borrowed some amount of money just to finance the purchase of Sterling Drug, Inc,. Kodak has bought Sterling Drug, Inc,. for $5.1 billion (How Kodak Failed 2012). The reason was because Kodak believed that the company was into the chemical business which was an important part for Kodak to be a photography company (How Kodak Failed 2012). Later on, Kodak realised that photo paper that was treated chemically was not the same as the hormonal agents and cardiovascular...
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...Putting Thoughts to Paper For several years in school, I dreaded writing academic papers because I found many of the topics monotonous, provoking little desire in me to work hard. The writing process intimidated me because I was often unaware as to where I should begin a paper and once I did, how I should develop my thoughts in an effective manner. My appreciation of writing, both academically and artistically, did not surface until my sophomore year in high school. When I transferred from public to private school, I realized that my writing skills were not as strongly developed as many of my fellow classmates. This feeling of inadequacy motivated me to seek help from my teachers and peers. By the end of first semester sophomore year, my...
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...invention of photographic film in roll. Five years later in 1888, with the slogan “you press the button, we do the rest”, George Eastman introduced the first Kodak camera to the consumer market. The cameras came preloaded with sufficient film for 100 exposures. He made a cumbersome and complicated process easy to use and accessible to nearly everyone and thus gave birth to snapshot photography. Eastman established his business on the principles of mass production at low cost, international distribution, extensive advertising and a focus on the customer. In 1889 Eastman and his research chemist perfected and introduced the first commercial transparent roll film, as a result, Thomas Edison developed the motion camera in 1891. A few years later Kodak marketed the Folding Pocket KODAK Camera, currently considered as the ancestor of all modern roll film cameras. By the time the 20th century rolled around, Kodak accounted for 90% of film and 85% of camera sales in America. Then, the evolution began and digital photography replaced photographic film and smartphones replaced cameras. As a result of the evolution, Kodak consequently experienced a decline in sale of photographic film, because of its slowness in transitioning and adapting to the change; in spite of the fact that they invented the core technology used in current digital cameras. In January 2012, Kodak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, resulting in the sale of many of its patents to aide in restructuring. Kodak reemerged...
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...Does having more control over the camera enable better photographs to be taken? Introduction The digital world of photography change how humanity communicates and exchange images in a matter of few seconds provoking to have less privacy in your everyday life. Digital photos in the Web are very common, which is a useful tool for people to share memories and personal events, but once the pictures are downloaded and shared it’s impossible to erase. Almost everyone have digital access from either a camera phone or digital camera, which creates a whole new era of artistic art that helps humans to express feelings and emotions (Helmut and Alison, 2011). Technology made it easier to play and experiment with common features of devices and programs to have a variety of pictures with different effects that creates artistic photos. Digital Photography transforms the view on how humanity has access to instant photos from family and friends, editing, and digital artistic. Discussion Capturing digital images comes back in 1960s where NASA use digital signals to capture the surface of the moon with the help of computer technology to improve the images that the space probes were sending. The government used satellites to spy and helped to advanced digital imaging. The private sectors made big contributions like Texas Instruments invented a film-less electronic camera in 1972. Sony released an electronic camera that recorded images onto a mini disc (Helmut and Alison, 2011). According...
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...to be a “strong, incisive kind of letter”. Kodak is now a world renowned company, which ranks as a premier multinational corporation and one of the 25 largest companies in the United States. George Eastman was born in Waterville, New York on July 12, 1854 and moved with his family to Rochester, New York in 1859. He dropped out of school in 1868, at the death of his father. He was poor, but even as a young man, he took it upon himself to support his mother and two sisters, one of whom was severely handicapped. He began his business career as a 14-year old office boy in an insurance company and followed that with work as a clerk in a local bank at age 19. He studied accounting at night to be able to advance in his job. His passion for photography began with the purchase of his first camera in 1878. The invention of the dry-plate process took one year and many sleepless nights trying different formulas. According to his mother, sometimes he was too tired to undress and slept on the kitchen floor. In 1879 he filed first patent for a machine that coated dry photographic plates and founded the Eastman Dry Plate Company. He didn't concentrate on perfecting lenses and trying to rival sophisticated European makers of photo equipment. Instead, he developed the Brownie, a box camera that went on the market in 1900 with an all-American price tag of $1. A roll of film went for 15 cents. With the slogan "you press the button, we do the rest", George Eastman put the first simple...
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...Kodak Case Analysis 1879: George Eastman invented the dry-plate process and filed patent for a machine that coated dry photographic plates 1880: George Eastman established the Eastman Dry Plate Company, at Rochester N.Y. 1884: Introduced paper roll film 1889: Invented perforated celluloid film 1900: The Brownie box camera went on the market with a price of $1 1935: Introduced color film 1960: Brought the Instamatic camera to the market 1970: Major sales growth for Kodak. Concentrates on film and basic cameras 1980: Fuji emerges as a serious competitor 1994: Kodak abandoned its non-imaging health-related businesses began to invest in digital imaging products for medical practice 1997: Kodak was a high-cost manufacturer with a growing portfolio of digital products which was losing hundreds of millions of dollars annually 1997: Restructuring that eliminated 19,000 jobs and cut more than $1 billion from annual costs 1999: Kodak entered the digital radiography market 2001: Kodak is pushing aggressively into China, an important growth market 2003: Carp unveiled the plan to invest $3 billion in the next three years in digital products by cutting dividends by 72% - to 50 cents per share 2004: Kodak announced that it would stop selling traditional film cameras in Europe and North America, and cut up to 15,000 jobs 2005: The Kodak EasyShare-One Digital Camera, the world’s first Wi-Fi consumer digital camera capable of sending pictures by email, was unveiled 2012: Kodak filed for Chapter...
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...products. According to Fuji photo films, Fujifilm is the second largest photographic film in the world. Fuji also makes motion pictures film, video tapes, audio tape, and floppy discs. Fuji first task was to build a reputation in the domestic market. Brand reliability proved critical in the photosensitive materials industry, since buyers were not willing to risk losing a desired imaged to inadequate materials, regardless of cost. According to the early history, Fuji continued to lose sales, increased debts, and struggled to meet research expense for the first three years. Another well-known photo company is the Kodak. According to ezine articles Kodak was started in the 1870’s, and also was born as a trademark. The first portable camera was introduced and signaled as the birth snapshot photography. The company name was changed to Eastman Kodak Company in the year of 1892. Over the years Eastman Kodak furthered contributed to development photography. According to the last Kodak moment, Kodak has suffered a long time survivor and...
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