...GLOBAL ACCOUNTING A. International Accounting proposed that the Nations of the world should be reporting their economic activities in accounting with some general understanding. Examine this statement? B. SAS 9: Accounting for Depreciation. You are required to discuss the requirement of this standard and compare its provisions with International Accounting? A. International Accounting is saddled with the responsibility of preparing and presenting financial statements that provide financial information about the financial position, financial performance, and changes in cash flow of a global business; and shows the result of management’s stewardship of resources in their care. These financial statements are useful to a wide range of users across the globe in making economic decisions. Financial statements comprises of a balance sheet, a profit and loss account, a statement of changes in equity, a cash flow statement, and notes comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes (IAS 1). The accounting report is a major way of getting a picture of what a company is doing and how it has been performing over the years (Walton and Aerts, 2006). The information in these financial statements, quantitative and qualitative in nature, should be simple, clear, and easily understood by all users. The users includes individuals, group of investors, or financial institutions who need to determine the liquidity , profitability, and viability of...
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... Connie Cerruto Student ID 3247960261 Accounting Capstone: Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC 499 005016 Winter Semester 2008 Submitted to Professor Tee Thein March 16, 2008 Dedication and Acknowledgement I would like to take this time to thank my husband, George, for all his support over this last ten weeks. For graciously doing the laundry, vacuuming, dusting, grocery shopping, meal preparing, and dishes so I had time complete the needed research for my paper. I appreciate the sacrifices you made to support me in my efforts of obtaining a Bachelors Degree in Accounting. Table of Contents Page Abstract 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Problem 7 1.3 Purpose 7 1.4 Scope 8 Chapter 2: Review of Literature 9 Chapter 3: Methodologies 12 3.1 Perspective 12 3.2 Research Procedure 12 Chapter 4: Development of Accounting Principles 17 4.1 History of Accounting Differences 17 4.1.1 Ancient Recordkeeping 17 4.1.2 Double-Entry Accounting 19 4.1.3 Beyond the Industrial Revolution 19 4.2 Influences on Accounting Standards 20 4.2.1 Culture ...
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...What is the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management ABSTRACT: International Accounting Standard play a important role in the world. More and more countries trend to adopt international accounting standard. Beginning in 2005, public companies in the member states of the European Union (EU) are required to apply IFRS. Ten years have passed, what is the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on these countries, and how IFRS affect on earning management. In the paper, I will discuss this question based on some previous finding. Next, I will use IFRS 9 as a specific case for my conclusion. Finally, I will give my opinion on the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management. Key Words: Accounting Standard, earning management, IFRS, Financial Instrument, bank, impairment of asset, IAS39, IFRS 9 I. The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management 1.1 In 2012, Yi Lin Chua, Chee Seng Cheong. And Graeme Gould publish a article named “The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Accounting Quality: Evidence form Australis. This article examines the impact of IFRS on accounting quality by focusing on threes perspectives: (1) earning management, (2) timely loss recognition, and (3) value relevance. In my paper, I will focus on earning management. First, the author talk about the reason he choose Australia. Because Australia is one of the first countries located outside of the EU that has mandated IFRS and is also the first non-EU adopting...
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...1.a) Achievements and Failure – Harmonization Process – EU & IASB International business are no longer confronted only with Accounting problems, which ends at domestic borders. When companies, equity, or capitials cross borders they are confronted with new cultures, challenging new laws and differences in political systems. Besides that there are the differences in Accounting Standards abroad. For example there are the US gaap and IAS. The lack of similar Accounting Standard led to problems in comparing financial datas and informations. Another issue is that not all financial statements or Accounting Standards are accepted in all stock exchanges. Example, companies who would like to be listed in New York Stock Exchange, have to have additional reporting, other than their national standards (reporting) in accordance with the prevailing US-Gaap. This means extra work, example reconciliation that equates to extra costs. The rapid emergence of MNE highlight the problems further. This is where the work of EU and IASB becomes internationally crucial. The aim was not only to avoid diversity of financial statements, ‘birth of two standard-reporint’, to promote foreign investment but to also reduce extra cost in producing two repors. Their journey (EU and IASB) were however not smooth sailing. IASB and EU-failure :- Initial attempt to harmonise accounting practice by EU was via the issuing the directives. There are several setbacks;- 1- Measurement options, apply...
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...SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for MBA Project M.B.A. Candidate's Declaration I hereby certify that I have properly checked and verified all the items as prescribed in the checklist and ensure that my thesis/report is in proper format as specified in the guideline for thesis preparation. I also declare that the work containing in this report is my own work. I, understand that plagiarism is defined as anyone or combination of the following: 1. To steal and pass of (the ideas or words of another) as one's own 2. To use (another's production) without crediting the source 3. To commit literary theft 4. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source I understand that plagiarism involves an intentional act by the plagiarist of using some-one else's work/ideas completely/partially and claiming authorship/originality of the work/ideas. Verbatim copy as well as close resemblance to some else's work constitute plagiarism. I have given due credit to the original authors/sources for all the words, ideas, diagrams, graphics, computer programs, experiments, results, websites, that are not my original contribution. I have used quotation marks to identify verbatim sentences and given credit to the original authors/sources. I affirm that no portion of my work is plagiarized, and the experiments and results reported in the report/dissertation/thesis...
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...Accounting System and Financial Reporting of NGOs: Case Study of a BRAC’s Project Munima Siddika1, Mohammad Sarwar Jahan Rekabder2 and A.K.M. Delwar Hossain3 tawheedfj@yahoo.com Abstract: In the absence of specific accounting and financial reporting standards and diverse interpretation of certain terms under the laws of the land, it has become a very difficult task to follow a standardized procedure in generation and presentation of accounting and financial information of NGOs. The practices followed by NGOs in Bangladesh are varied and diverse and there by preparation of financial statements are incomparable and difficult for uses to understand. The paper tries to demonstrate financial reporting and accounting system of a BRAC’s project and provide a guideline for constituting suitable financial reporting and accounting systems for NGOs. The article elaborates on basis of preparation of financial statements and reporting procedure and then followed by accounting systems of regional office and head office of that project. The final part of the article discuses issues relating to financial report and financial transparency of the project. Munima Siddika, Lecturer, Faculty of Business and Economics, Daffodil International University, 102 Sukrabad, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Mohammad Sarwar Jahan Rekabder, Lecturer, Faculty of Business and Social Studies...
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...Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 29 (2013) 124–133 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/adiac Continental European accounting model and accounting modernization in Germany Andreas Hellmann ⁎, Hector Perera 1, Chris Patel 2 Department of Accounting and Corporate Governance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Convergence German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch) International Financial Reporting Standards Act to Modernize Accounting Law (Bilanzrechtsmodernisierungsgesetz) Classification of accounting systems a b s t r a c t Classification techniques based on one or few dimensions are widely used in research studies and textbooks to explain and predict the development of accounting systems internationally. However, their usefulness in international accounting has been limited in today's globalized world. For example, in the context of the EU, IFRS are required for consolidated accounting, while national accounting systems continue to be the dominant system for unconsolidated accounting in many countries. Using Germany as a case study, the objective of this paper is to examine whether Germany can still be classified within the Continental European model of accounting following the Act to Modernize...
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...Qualification structure and syllabus CIMA Chartered Management Accounting Qualification 2010 December 2008 Contents CIMA now designs its qualifications in what we believe to be a unique way. Based on rigorous international primary research with all of our key stakeholders and involving the participation of over 6,000 individuals and organisations – members, students, employers (both existing and potential), CIMA tuition partners, universities and our examiner and marker team – we have designed a professional finance training and development solution that is second to none. I commend this revised CIMA Professional Qualification to you. It will be examined for the first time in 2010, so there is plenty of time to absorb the exciting changes contained in the pages that follow. A qualification focused on the future – fit for purpose, relevant and unique I am honoured to introduce the new 2010 Chartered Management Accounting Qualification to all of our stakeholders. With seismic shifts occurring in the world’s economy, coupled with accelerating concerns about the sustainability of our planet, never before has there been a greater need for organisations to train and develop their people to manage the impact of these changes. With this revised qualification CIMA remains true to its long and proud history of providing finance professionals with a difference – Chartered Management Accountants – who combine management and finance skills in a unique way and who fully understand...
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...ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 22, No. 4 November 2007 pp. 685–708 China Eastern Airlines: People’s Republic of China Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, or U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles? John L. Haverty ABSTRACT: China Eastern Airlines, headquartered in the People’s Republic of China, has been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1997. In its 2005 annual report, China Eastern Airlines presents two sets of financial statements: one prepared under People’s Republic of China accounting regulations, and a second set prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. In addition, as a listed company on the New York Stock Exchange, China Eastern Airlines files Form 20-F with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This filing includes a limited reconciliation of net income and net assets from International Financial Reporting Standards to United States’ generally accepted accounting principles. Your job is to examine these financial statements, explore any differences noted between each of the financial statements and U.S. GAAP, and highlight some issues to be included in a financial analysis of China Eastern Airlines for possible inclusion in an investment portfolio. W INTRODUCTION alt Gregory is a junior portfolio analyst at Chartgood, a portfolio manager for several major mutual funds. Susan Bedell, the portfolio manager, just informed Walt that one of the funds she managed, the Global...
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...international financial reporting standards CERTIFICATE Learning materiaLs Contents FINANCIAL REPORTING CONTEXT..............................................................3 THE IFRS FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................17 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................35 ACCOUNTING POLICIES .............................................................................49 REVENUE......................................................................................................61 INVENTORIES...............................................................................................75 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT......................................................87 BORROWING COSTS.................................................................................105 GOVERNMENT GRANTS ...........................................................................113 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE ..............................................123 INVESTMENT PROPERTY .........................................................................133 INTANGIBLES .............................................................................................145 IMPAIRMENT ..............................................................................................159 PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES .......................................................171 TAXATION...........................................
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...CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE ACCOUNTING Chapter Outline China I. There are some unique features in the accounting profession in China. They include the following: A. Until the 1980s, those who carried out accounting work were not held in high regard in society, and this has had an adverse effect on the development of the accounting profession in China. B. Accounting and auditing in China have taken different paths in their development processes. Auditing firms audited mainly domestic companies, and were under the State Administration of Audit (SAA), whereas accounting firms focused on companies using foreign investments and were sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. C. Unlike in the U.K., where there was a good legislative and judicial environment during the early stages of the development of the profession, in China, a market-oriented legislative and judicial environment is still emerging. D. Unlike in the U.K., where auditors receive support from the established professional bodies, these support mechanisms are still lacking in China. II. The recent economic reform program stimulated the growth of the accounting profession in China. A. With the recognition by the State of joint stock company form, the demands for financial information from investors and other interested parties increased. B. The establishment of two stock exchanges helped rapid growth of the accounting activities. C. Various government regulations...
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...International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) MBA 691: Managerial Accounting Professor: Prepared by: April 19, 2009 Bibliography: • Ernst & Young, “U.S. GAAP vs. IFRS: The basics”, January 2009. • Securities & Exchange Commission, “Roadmap for the Potential Use of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards by U.S. Issuers”, www.sec.gov/spotlight/ifrsroadmap.htm (Release No. 33-8982; November 14, 2008). • The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), “Impact of IFRS in Europe”, www.accaglobal.com/publicinterest/activities/research/reports/global_integration/, October 7, 2008. • Internal Auditor, magazine, “Getting Up To Speed with IFRS’, October 2008. • International Accounting Standards Board, “IASB Responds to G20 Recommendation and US GAAP Guidance’, www.iasb.org/News/Press+Releases/IASB+Responds+to+G20+Recommendations+and+US+GAAP+Guidance.htm, April 7, 2009. • EU Finance Ministers Statement, www.eu2009.cz/en/news-and-documents/news/statement-by-the-informal-ecofin-15621/ , April 4, 2009. • National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) – Directors Monthly article, “IFRS – What The Board Needs to Know”, http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/us_assur_IFRS_DM%20Sep08_20080911pdf.pdf, September 2008. • Deloitte, www.deloitte.com/us/debates/IFRS. • Deloitte, “IFRS Conversion: Front or back...
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...international financial reporting standards CERTIFICATE Learning materiaLs Contents FINANCIAL REPORTING CONTEXT..............................................................3 THE IFRS FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................17 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................35 ACCOUNTING POLICIES .............................................................................49 REVENUE......................................................................................................61 INVENTORIES...............................................................................................75 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT......................................................87 BORROWING COSTS.................................................................................105 GOVERNMENT GRANTS ...........................................................................113 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE ..............................................123 INVESTMENT PROPERTY .........................................................................133 INTANGIBLES .............................................................................................145 IMPAIRMENT ..............................................................................................159 PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES .......................................................171 TAXATION...........................................
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...implementation of International Accounting Standards Theodosia Leventi Department of Business Administration, T.E.I. of Larissa, Greece leventi@teilar.gr Abstract This paper belongs to the category of literature review. In this descriptive article we take a brief look at the impacts of the implementation of International Accounting Standards. The continued globalization of business has led to the development of internationally applicable standards and codes of practice. The remarkable expansion of international trade and business, the international co-operation among countries and the breaking down of national barriers led to new challenges and new problems too. Problems in the analysis and comparison of financial reports and differences in auditing and taxation practices among countries made necessary the application of International Accounting Standards. Harmonization of this practice in order to get closer to a universal accounting language is affected by many factors such as: economic, financial, social, legal, cultural, political and others. Moreover, the level of preparedness for each country is significantly associated with many other factors. This process, as every new measure, had both positive and negative effects. So, this study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of adopting a uniform set of International Accounting Standards worldwide and also examines their volatility effects. Keywords: International Accounting Standards, Adoption, Positive...
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...Corporate Governance & Diplomacy EM 557 Course Teacher Md. Mesbah Uddin Topic Term Paper: Corporate Governance Practice of British American Tobacco, Bangladesh Ltd. 29- 07- 2012 Date Submitted by Name Nahid Rijwan Roll 3-09-17-033 CONTENTS Topic CHAPTER – 1 About British American Tobacco Bangladesh Business Principles of BAT, Bangladesh Standards of Business Conduct of BAT, Bangladesh: CHAPTER – 2 Corporate Governance Statement Board of Directors of BAT Bangladesh and Their Roles Relationship with Shareholders Accountability and Audit Compliance with Legal Requirements Employees Standards of Business Conduct CHAPTER -3 Corporate Social Responsibility Statement Probaho Socially Responsible Tobacco Production (SRTP) Deepto Afforestation CHAPTER - 4 Auditor’s Report to The Shareholders 16 12 12 13 14 15 6 7 9 10 10 10 11 1 2 3 Page CHAPTER - 5 Comparative Analysis of Bat Bangladesh’s Corporate Governance Compliance Status of compliance with the Provisions Denoted in the Code of Corporate Governance for Bangladesh, March 2004 Status of compliance with the Conditions Imposed by the Securities & Exchange Commission's Notification 21 19 18 REFERENCES 23 ANNEXURE - I 24 CHAPTER – 1 About British American Tobacco Bangladesh: British American Tobacco Bangladesh is one of the largest multinational companies in the country and has been operating for over 100 years. There are over 1,000 employees and take pride in being one of the preferred employers...
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