...Francis Reyes English 100 – AK Liza Erpelo May 9, 2009 “Before I learned how to speak Tagalog, people made fun of me because of my New Jersey accent. They would ostracize me because I am an American,“ (Reyes). As one can see, language is the main issue in the Filipino American society that needs to be resolved in order to reserve history and traditions. Throughout the interview with Brian, I found that he went through hardships because he could not speak Tagalog. His early lifestyle of growing up in New Jersey gave Brian a disadvantage because he did not have a real reason why a Filipino dialect would be important to learn. His situation occurred during the 80’s and, since then, the number of Filipino and Filipino Americans not knowing a Filipino dialect increased. There can be many rationalizations as to why, year-by-year, the population amongst young Filipino and Filipina Americans retain from learning a part of their heritage. For example, in the book Homebound, by Yen Le Espiritu, there is a reference as to why some immigrant parents refrain from teaching their children how to speak a Filipino dialect. Similar opinions also occur in the section “Filipino American Identity: Transcending the Crisis,” by Linda A. Revilla, and how Filipino soldiers stationed in Hawaii were called a “disgracia,” or a disgrace, because they did not know a Filipino language. Both books correlate to what my brother went through when he was living in the Philippines for two...
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...Language and Culture There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related. Both phenomena are unique to humans and have therefore been the subject of a great deal of anthropological, sociological, and even memetic study. Language, of course, is determined by culture, though the extent to which this is true is now under debate. The converse is also true to some degree: culture is determined by language - or rather, by the replicators that created both, memes. Language as Determined by Culture Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural context in which they existed. This was a logical extension of what is termed the Standard Social Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinitely malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the 1950's, giving color samples to different American Indian tribes and asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that the spectrum we see as "green", "yellow", etc. was an entirely arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrum separately. According to this hypothesis, the divisions seen between colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond to divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis is upheld in the...
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...ang katangian ng wika ay: 1. ang wika ay mayroong 2 masistemang balangkas 2. ang wika ay arbitraryo 3. ang wika ay sinasalitang tunog 4. ang wika ay ginagamit sa komunikasyon 5. ang wika ay pantao 6. ang wika ay nakaugat sa kultura 7. ang wika ay malikhain 8. ang wika ay patuloy na nagbabago 9. ang wika ay natatangi ang teorya ng wika ay: 1. teoryang bawaw 2. teoryang pooh pooh 3. teoryang tara ra boom de ay 4. teoryang ding dong 5. teoryang tata 6. teoryang yo-he-ho ang kahalagahan ng wika ay: 1. ang wika ay instumento ng edukasyon 2. nag-iingat at nagpapalaganap ng kaalaman 3. nagbubuklod sa bansa 4. lumilinang ng malikhaing isip Mga Pangunahin At Pandaigdigan katangian ng Wika ni Gleason. 1. masistemang balangkas – kapag sinasabing masistema, ang ibig ipakahulugan nito ay may kaayusan o order . bawat wika kung ganoon ay may kaaysan o order ang istruktura. May dalawang masistemang balangtas ang wika ; ang balangkas ng may tunog at ang balangkas ng mga kahulugan. Ang wika ay may tiyak na dami ng mga tunog na pinagsam- sama sa isang sistematikong paraan upang makabuo ng mga makahulugang yunit tulad ng mga salita . gayundin , ang mga salita ay mapagsasama –sama upang makabuo ng mga parirala at sugnay /pangungusap 2. sinasalitang tunog- maraming mga tunog sa paligid na makahulugan ngunit hindi lahat ay maituturing na wika . ilang sa mga halimbawa ay ang alarma ng orasan . kulog sa kalangitan, wang wang ng patrol ng pulis, lagaslas ng tubig,...
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...PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Philippine literature is the body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos, whether native, naturalized, or foreign born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to Philippine society. It is composed or written in any of the Philippine languages, in Spanish and in English, and in Chinese as well. Philippine literature may be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different urban centers and rural outposts, even in foreign lands where descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their lives and aspirations. The forms used by Filipino authors may be indigenous or borrowed from other cultures, and these may range from popular pieces addressed to mass audiences to highly sophisticated works intended for the intellectual elite. Having gone through two colonial regimes, the Philippines has manifested the cultural influences of the Spanish and American colonial powers in its literary production. Works may be grouped according to the dominant tradition or traditions operative in them. The first grouping belongs to the ethnic tradition, which comprises oral lore identifiably precolonial in provenance and works that circulate within contemporary communities of tribal Filipinos, or among lowland Filipinos that have maintained their links with the culture of their non-Islamic or non-Christian ancestors. The second grouping consists of works that show...
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...view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as the basis for a national language, we can see a different politics of language at work, one based not on translation as war but as play. Whereas Constantino was concerned with language as the medium for revealing the historical truth of nationhood that would lead to democratizing society, Joaquin was more interested in the conversion of history into language as a way of expanding literary democracy. Abstract Vicente L. Rafael is Professor of History at the University of Washington in Seattle. He grew up in Manila and graduated from the Ateneo in 1977. His books include Contracting Colonialism: Translation and Christian Conversion in Tagalog Society Under Early Spanish Rule (1993), White Love and Other Events in Filipino History (2000), and The Promise of the Foreign: Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish Philippines (2005). He is currently at work on a book on translation, war and the historical imagination between the Philippines and the US ....
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...WHAT IS GAY LINGO or Swardspeak (also known as "Bekimon" and "gay lingo") is an argot or cant slang derived from Taglish (Tagalog-English code-switching) and used by a number of homosexuals in the Philippines Sward speak uses elements from Tagalog, English, Spanish, and some from Japanese, as well as celebrities' names and trademark brands, giving them new meanings in different contexts. It is largely localized within gay communities, making use of words derived from the local languages or dialects, including Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, and Bicolano The term beki mon (beki is a colloquial word for "gay") took off from the growing popularity of the jejemon subculture, which refers to those who deliberately exaggerate ordinary words by adding or subtracting letters, or by using a mixture of upper-case and lower-case letters, in written communication. Consciously or unconsciously, even straights or heterosexuals have peppered their vocabulary with words traceable to gay speak. Mention the word anech (from “ano” or “what” in English with anesh, anik, anikla as varieties) to anyone in the metropolitan areaand in all likelihood, the person being spoken to will reply as casually. There are also thefamiliar words chika, chuva, and charot. Abstract – The language of gays known as gay speak has now earned respect from the community and observably been infused in the mainstream language of the society. Language is evolving and with its changing nature, existing language needs to be...
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...Emotion 2004, Vol. 4, No. 1, 46–64 Copyright 2004 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 1528-3542/04/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.46 Decoding Speech Prosody: Do Music Lessons Help? William Forde Thompson, E. Glenn Schellenberg, and Gabriela Husain University of Toronto at Mississauga Three experiments revealed that music lessons promote sensitivity to emotions conveyed by speech prosody. After hearing semantically neutral utterances spoken with emotional (i.e., happy, sad, fearful, or angry) prosody, or tone sequences that mimicked the utterances’ prosody, participants identified the emotion conveyed. In Experiment 1 (n 20), musically trained adults performed better than untrained 56), musically trained adults outperformed untrained adults. In Experiment 2 (n adults at identifying sadness, fear, or neutral emotion. In Experiment 3 (n 43), 6-year-olds were tested after being randomly assigned to 1 year of keyboard, vocal, drama, or no lessons. The keyboard group performed equivalently to the drama group and better than the no-lessons group at identifying anger or fear. In the past 10 years, the possibility of links between musical and nonmusical domains has generated excitement among researchers and the popular press. One line of research concerns short-term benefits in nonmusical domains that occur as a consequence of passive listening to music. In two widely cited studies (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993, 1995), listening to music composed by Mozart led to...
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...measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone. I. Prose There are many types of prose. These include novels, biographies, short stories, contemporary dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches. 1. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-to-life stories and spans a long period of time. There are many characters involved. 2. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot, and one single impression. 3. Plays. This is presented in a stage. It is divided into acts and each act has many scenes. 4. Legends. These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins. 5. Fables. These are fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate things who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes. 6. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. 7. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event. 8. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his autobiography or that of others. 9. News. This is a report of everyday events in society, government, science and industry, and accidents, local and national events. 10. Oration. This is a formal treatment of a subject and is intended to be spoken in public...
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...Jejemons don't want this so they made their words longer.[3] Most Jejemons are poor.[1][2][5] People who are Jejemons are described based on levels. These are "mild," "moderate", "severe", or "terminal."[6] Jejenese and Jejebet Jejenese jEJ3n3Se Native to Philippines Ethnicity Jejemon Language family Creole Taglish and Englog Jejenese Writing system Jejebet Language codes ISO 639-2 cpe ISO 639-3 – Jejemons speak Jejenese based on Taglish and Englog.[2][1] Their alphabet, Jejebet, is based on Leet. Words are created by mixing letters in a word, mixed large and small letters, using the letters H, X or Z many times, and mixing of numbers in words.[2] The spelling is the same as Leetspeak. Examples English Tagalog Jejenese I would like to know more about you, care to tell me your name? Hehehehe! Nais kitang makilala, maaari mo bang masabi sa akin ang iyong pangalan? Hahaha! i wuD LLyK tO knOw moR3 bOut u. crE 2 t3ll mE yur N@me? jejejejeje! Hello, how are you? Maligayang bati po, kamusta na? 3ow ph0w, mUsZtAh nA? I miss you! Sabik na kitang makita! iMiszqcKyuH! Hello. Maligayang bati po. eEoWpFhUeEhsxz. I love you. Mahal kita. lAbqCkyOuHh. How are you? Kamusta? uZtaH? I ako aQcKuHh you (sg.) ikaw yuHh you (pl.) kayo kEo po (for politeness) pfHoE po (same as above) ph0w hahaha (laughter) jAjaJa hehehe (smart laughter) jeJejE Reactions Facebook fan pages were made in support and against the group...
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...A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period - Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; - Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C.), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; - Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; - Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; - Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e.g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); - This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as...
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...parents who neglect their children, drunken people who fight in public, people who don't look for job, people with excessively dirty mouths or unkempt households. The one she heard when she was at school was used against her. Out of jealousy, the word was used as a curse or derogatory term to humiliate her. For that moment, the word nigger had a negative connotation. But, what about the times it was used positively like what I've mentioned above? Well, according to Naylor, the word itself is harmless but it is the consensus that gives power it. The collective opinion of people controls the meaning of a particular word. 2. Naylor explains what happens when a community decides to take over a word and renegotiate its meaning by giving us examples or a glimpse of her experiences with regards to the use of the word “nigger” in both positive and negative context. The word nigger did not become an internalization of racism for the black community because, according to her experience, they transformed the meaning of it. Those gatherings changed the meaning of it to signify the varied and complex human beings...
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... CHAPTER I Introduction The term Gay has been used loosely to include homosexuals, bisexuals, transsexuals, cross dressers, and effeminate men. Filipino gays are mostly stereotyped as effeminate, cross dressers, hair dressers, camp and ridiculed. Bakla or bading, are derogatory Filipino word gay, is commonly used. Tibo or tomboy has a similar function, and refers to lesbians, usually of the butch and masculine type. A more benign slang word for gay men is billy boy. For Filipino gays, the Tagalog phrase “paglaladlad ng kapa” (literally means “unfurling of the cape”) refers to the coming-out process. Although gays and lesbians are generally tolerated within Philippine society, there still widespread cases of discrimination. Sward speak is a vernacular language derived from Englog (English-Tagalog) and is used by a number of gay Filipinos. It uses elements from Tagalog, English, and Spanish and some are from Niponggo, as well as celebrities’ names and signature brands, giving them new meanings in the context of this unique language. Background of the Study Different research studies were made and yet there are many different results. Previous research has found numerous benefits to listening to music before performing a task– it improves attention, memory, and even mental math ability. It has also been found to alleviate depression and anxiety. The existence of the music in this world is evidently has its good and negative effects to mankind. In this studies, researchers...
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...MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PSYCHOLOGY (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) A REPORT ON “THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE” (BILINGUAL APPROACH IN EDUCATION) Submitted by: ARVELLA M. ALBAY Ph.D Psych Student Submitted to: DR. MARY ANN VILLENA Professor June 29, 2013 MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines School of Graduate Studies Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) Topic : THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE (Bilingual Approach in Education) Reporter : ARVELLA MEDINA-ALBAY, Ph.D Psych Professor : DR. MARY ANN VILLENA INTRODUCTION BILINGUAL EDUCATION involves teaching academic content in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of each language used in accordance with the program model. ➢ “Bilingual Education Policy (BEP) in the Philippines is defined operationally as the separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas.” As embodied in the DECS Order, Filipino shall be used as medium of instruction in social studies/social sciences, music, arts, physical education, home economics, practical arts and character education. English, on the other hand is allocated to science, mathematics, and technology subjects. ➢ From the above description, it is quite evident that there is confusion for...
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...CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF LANGUAGE Language is a set of symbols of communication and the elements used to manipulate them. It is one of the most important innovations of men. Language can be used in different ways for different purposes. But mostly, its primary use is for communication. Language was considered to have a “life cycle” and to develop according to evolutionary laws. In addition, it was believed that language, like the human animal, has a “genealogical tree” –that is, that each language can be traced back to a common ancestor.” Ethnologue organization, the most extensive catalog of the world’s languages, presented a detailed classified list which currently includes 6,809 distinct languages. Although there are many languages, these are not uniformly distributed around the world. Some places are more diverse in terms of distribution of languages. According to Stephen Anderson (YEAR) of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA), out of Ethnologue’s 6,809, for instance, only 230 are spoken in Europe, while 2,197 are spoken in Asia. Among these 2,197 languages in Asia, 171 are spoken in the Philippines. Associated with language are the different systems of writing in the past. Hieroglyphics and cuneiform are some of them. But here in our country, alibata is the primitive form of writing. It is also known as baybayin which literally means “to spell.” It is used even before the Spaniards conquered our country. There are many languages which influenced our official...
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...Bicol University College of Social Sciences and Philosophy Daraga, Albay Philippines: It’s Cultural Elements Prepared by: Christian M. Baleta Lyka A. Madrid Jhomarisse Mijares AB English 4-A A. Introduction Official Flag Comprehensive Maps (Philippines at Day, Night and Political maps) FACT FILE ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES | OFFICIAL NAME | Republic of the Philippines | FORM OF GOVERNMENT | Republic with two legislative bodies (Senate and House of Representatives) | CAPITAL | Manila | AREA | 300, 000 sq.km (115, 830 sq.miles) | TIME ZONE | GMT + 8 hours | POPULATION | 92,681,453 (2008 estimate) | POPULATION DENSITY | 264.5 per sq.km (685 per sq.mile) | LIFE EXPECTANCY | 70.8 years (2008 estimate) | OFFICIAL LANGUAGES | Filipino, English | OTHER LANGUAGES | About 87 indigenous languages | LITERACY RATE | Total 96.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 96.2 percent (2005 estimate)Male 96.3 percent (2005 estimate) | RELIGIONS | Roman Catholic (83%), Protestant (9%), Muslim (3%), Buddhist and Other (3%) | ETHNIC GROUPS | Malay (95.5%), Chinese (1.5%), Other (3%) | CURRENCY | Philippine Peso | ECONOMY | Services (48%), Agriculture (42%), Industry (10%) | GNP Per Capita | US$1,050 | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP in U.S.$) | $117.6 billion (2006) | CLIMATE | Tropical with wet season June to November | HIGHEST POINT | Mount Apo (2, 954 m, 9, 692 feet) | LARGEST CITIES (BY POPULATION) | Quezon City 2,390,688 (2005 estimate)...
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