...Introduction Whether animal experimentation is justified or not has been undecided for many decades. Many years back, the debate was carried out by animal rights groups which were led by the Cambridge University to get rid of its plan for a primate research in 2004. Since this debate, many supporters have become more confident in speaking out what they believe and getting their points across to people. In this written report, I will be including both sides of the argument which enable me to form my opinion as well as conclusion. Do you believe that animal testing is justified? Or do you believe its not? Well you will find out what I believe at the end of this report. What is animal experimentation? Animal testing is the use of non-human animals in scientific experimentation. Annually, it’s been estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide from zebra fish to non-human primates are used to experiment upon. Most animals after being experimented on, they are euthanized. Animal experimentation is used for many products such as cosmetics, drugs, household products, medication, industrial chemicals, pesticides and several more. [1] How did animal experimentation begin? The history of animal experimentation goes right back to the writings of the Greeks in the 3rd and 4th centuries BCE. Aristotle and Erasistratus were the first to perform experiments on living animals. Galen also known as the “father of vivisection” was a physician in the 2nd century...
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...Instructor’s Name Course Date Some Enemies of Science & The Pain of Animals Argumentative Fronts Introduction Throughout the path of evolution, both the human species and animals have progressed; ironically, humans have as well taken form from ancient animals. The evolution of our mind and body have divorced us on the supposed hierarchy chain. Human beings who happened to be hunters akin to Paleolithic animals have presently grasped the dominant responsibility on earth. Inevitably, there are hindrances, for example, pollution and diseases that we cannot beat at the present moment; colds and diseases being the single killer of nearly a quarter of the entire life on earth. In fact, for years on end, animals have been by used by scientists to...
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... “Animal Experimentation” Every year millions of animals in the US are used for scientific and commercial experiments in order to create treatments and determine the safety of products or medications for human uses. The community must face the reality that the well being of animals must be sacrificed in order to successfully cure humanities’ diseases and prevent as many deaths as possible. Since there are many similarities within humans and animals, society was able to deepen understanding of the human body by continuously studying and experimenting on animals. For example, animal researchers have recently found a method to restore people’s visions using safe procedures after conducting several experiments on monkey and mice. However, people who are against the idea of animal experimentation argue that experimenting on them is inhumane and can be replaced animal experimentations by many other methods. Besides, those who opposes the idea would state that researchers are willing to allow animals to go through pain and suffering in order to protect humanity from the physical pain since the human race is selfish in general because society is only care focused on caring for the need and safely of themselves. Evidently, Aysha Akhtar is a neurologist and a public health specialist who brings up her experience at a neuroscience conference where a presenter shows a brief video clip of his animal experimentation, showing how gruesome the presenter was treating the animal. Therefore...
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...Morality of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely, animals are still the main subjects in cosmetic industries. Something important to keep in mind when it comes to animal experimentation is that, “Most experimentation has nothing to do with disease research… it is cosmetic product testing” (Medical News Online). According to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) over one hundred million animals suffer from experiments to test cosmetics. Many people stand against animal experimentation claiming that animals are not ours to experiment on, and even though that’s an important point, there are many other issues that should be discussed. For example, ninety two percent of all animal trials in cosmetics that are effective on animals are ineffective on humans (ASPCA). Meaning that the reasoning behind it is the lower cost of animal testing provided to those companies. Unfortunately, theses experiments are the cheapest options and some companies are required by the FDA to test all new cosmetic ingredients on animals. Animal testing...
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...Argumentative Essay.docx2/ 4 Baneen ZiaUH Honors CollegeEvery year, millions of animals suffer tremendous pain as a result of scientific studies, commercial testing, and medical research in the United States. Animal testing, the method of using non—humans in means of research, requires the captivity of animal in order to experiment for human breakthroughs and advancements. Although a few of the countless experiments performed contribute to the act of improving lives through the discovery of cures, researchers risk the lives of many and harm these animals in the process. The natural lives of animals become disrupted and these animals forcefully enter studies in which they will most likely undergo pain or, unfortunately, death. The unjust and inhumane treatment of animals in experimentations to innovate and benefit the human race is unnecessary, misleading, and unethical, and therefore, should not be performed for biomedical research. Animal testing estimates 26 million animals used for biomedical research each year in America. By testing the toxicity of drugs or the effectiveness of medications, scientists use animals to understand the human body without actually causing harm to it. The three methods of testing include toxicology research, pure research, and applied research for an under the intentionof discovering effects of such medications and bearing direct outcomes. Scientific researchers use animals to understand the human anatomy without causing impairment to the human race...
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...Humans have a history of experimenting on animals, most often in the areas of medical and cosmetics. Humanity would not exist as it is today if animal experimentation was eliminated. The argument animal testing is useful cannot surpass its’ cruelty. With advancements in science and medical technology, animal testing no longer stands as a morally justifiable option. Animal testing lacks proof of necessity because it inhumanely abuses animals, carries inaccuracy, and is outdated. Animal experimentation is an abusive method of testing. Very minimal regulation in procedures can be done to animals during experimentation. Abuse defined as a verb, means to treat (a person or an animal) with violent cruelty, especially regularly or repeatedly. For research, animal abuse remains allowed legal: “the only U.S. law that governs the use of animals in laboratories, the Animal Welfare Act, allows animals to be burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and braindamaged” (“Animal Testing is”). These methods are unbelievably cruel and abusive, as this suffering of the animals is intentional. Famous British philosopher Jeremy Bentham, famously proposed that “the question is not, can they reason? nor can they talk? but can they suffer?” The question asked, states that defenders of animal experimentation do not deny that animals suffer. Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation , explains that scientists cannot deny animal abuse, while the book stresses the ...
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...Hobbes, the cat, has been under experimentation for most of his life. This is probably the last time that he will ever have to be experimented on again. Because, he probably wont make it through this time. The makers of Herbal Essences are about to force shampoo down his throat to see what happens to its organs. Even if the cat lives through the process, they are going to have to kill it to see which organs it could have damaged. If this was an actual human going through this deadly experiment, people would be in shock. Instead, scientists are testing whether or not swallowing shampoo would affect a cat. Testing on animals is a very disagreeable process that should not be allowed. Animal testing started a number of years ago to help provide humans with information. The process of animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever done. Many cosmetics and personal care products are made every year and are put into the market after being tested on animals. Almost every product has been animal tested at some stage in its development. The website titled "Animals in Product Testing" stated, "...these products have gone through a long and complex testing process that leaves millions of animals mutilated, burned, poisoned and gassed in outmoded and unnecessary tests." From these different experiments, animals are often left with different diseases like Syphilis, herpes, or AIDS. Manufacturers of these different products say that they are performing these tests to assure...
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...Cruelty Involved in Animal Testing Hobbes, the cat, has been under experimentation for most of his life. This is probably the last time that he will ever have to be experimented on again. Why? Because he is probably not going to make it through this time. The makers of Herbal Essences are about to force shampoo down his throat to see what happens to its organs. Even if the cat lives through the process, they are going to have to kill it to see which organs it could have damaged. If this was an actual human going through this deadly experiment, people would be in shock. Instead, scientists are testing whether or not swallowing shampoo would affect a cat. Testing on animals is a very disagreeable process that should not be allowed. Animal testing started a numerous years ago to help provide humans with information. The process of animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever done. Many cosmetics and personal care products are made every year and are put into the market after being tested on animals. Almost every product has been animal tested at some stage in its development. The website titled "Animals in Product Testing" stated, "...these products have gone through a long and complex testing process that leaves millions of animals mutilated, burned, poisoned and gassed in outmoded and unnecessary tests." From these different experiments, animals are often left with different diseases like Syphilis, herpes, or AIDS ("Animal Rights: Animal Testing"). Manufacturers...
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...conduct various vivisections on the neighborhood pigs. No one in the city of Rome knew how he got his test subjects. All they knew was that he cut animals open without anesthetics to satisfy his curiosity of the human anatomy. Since it was considered illegal and punishable by hanging to...
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...Animal Experimentation “The heart of the issue is whether animals should be used for medical research” (Wright). This is very true whereas some find that animals and humans are seen as equals where others maybe not so much.Animal experimentation is starting to become a concerning issue to many. I believe that animals should not be tested on because humans are beginning to take advantage of animals, their animal rights and aren’t taking it into realization. Humans are beginning to take advantage of animals. In ways that are cruel and are very harmful to the animals well-being. People my even “capture them, hold them in tiny cages, even subject them to artificial whiplash”(Wright) and much more. This is just one of few examples of how humans take advantage of animals. While humans are taking advantage of animals they are also invading the animals rights....
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...Part IV Katie Schulz Mrs. Polski Modern Problems May 2, 2013 Introduction~ Animal experimentation began in the early 3rd and 4th centuries BCE with the Greeks performing the first experiments on living animals. Ever since these early periods there has been a search to answer the question of whether animal testing is ethical. This question is proposed due to the suffering of animals during medical experimentation. Veterinarian, Peter M. Henrickson, found this to be the case in his experience during a veterinary class. The research began on Rodney a shepherd mix. “The first thing we did was neuter him, a seemingly benign project, except it took us an hour to complete the usual 20-minute procedure, and an anesthetic overdose kept him out for 36 hours. Afterward, he recovered his strength quickly and felt good” (Henrickson, Par. 4). They then proceeded to do an abdominal exploratory, opening his abdomen and then closing him again. “This was the first major surgery for any of us, and, with inadequate supervision, we did not close him properly. By the next morning, his incision had opened and he was sitting on his small intestine. Hastily, we sewed him up again, and he survived. But it was a week or more before he could resume walks he had come to eagerly anticipate” (Henrickson, Par. 6). After Rodney’s slow recovery they once again put him under anesthesia. “We broke his leg and repaired it with a steel pin. After this, Rodney seemed in almost constant pain, his temperature...
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...Animal Experimentation: Unethical or Unnatural? Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances of the past century and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases. Throughout the world, people enjoy a better quality of life because of these advances, and the subsequent development of new medicines and treatments are all made possible by animal research. However, the use of animals in scientific and medical research has been a subject of heated debate for many years. Opponents to any kind of animal research, including both extreme sides of animal-activist groups believe that animal experimentation is cruel and unnecessary, regardless of its purpose or benefit. There is no middle ground for these groups; they want the immediate and total abolition of all animal research. If they succeed, it would have enormous and severe consequences for scientific research. Animal experimentation has been practiced since ancient times, when the ancient Greeks killed and dissected animals for scientific and religious purposes. Vivisection continued throughout ancient times and into the Christian era, becoming a replacement for human dissection when the Catholic Church banned autopsies. Animals were treated as insensitive objects, mere automatons incapable of pain or emotion. By the 1800s, science and medicine were moving forward at unprecedented rates. Germs were discovered and vaccines invented; pills were created and diseases eradicated. Animals were...
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...Animal testing has been a well debated topic for many years. More than 100 million animals are killed in U.S laboratories during animal experimentation each year. The creatures are usually treated very poorly by the scientists conducting the experiments and have to endure many inhumane procedures like inhaling toxic fumes, or are immobilized in restraint devices for long periods of time. Some have holes drilled into their skulls, and other shave their skinned burned off or their spinal cords crushed, which is the cause of many of these innocent deaths. All of these painful, inhumane procedures have been accepted as it is under the name of science. These horrible experiments need to come to an end as soon as possible. These experiments on animals are used by medical researchers to get a better understanding of body reactions in humans and animals. Popular companies that test on animals include Maybelline, Covergirl, MAC, Pantene, Head & Shoulders, Revlon, Dove and many more. (Peta) Animal experimentation is also used to study causes and effects of illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes, and birth defects. *(Burrel) Many other experiments led by scientists are curiosity-driven only and do not have a useful outcome. Although the number of animals used for all of these procedures is incredibly high, the accuracy rate is very low, which means many animal lives are killed for no reason and can put any human that uses the product that has been inaccurately tested on animal’s health...
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...All animals truly deserve to lead joyful and healthy lives, yet over 100 million creatures are subjected to harsh animal testing experiments each year alone. New evidence has proved that animal tests are completely unregulated and no longer provide accurate results. Animal experimentation needs to be illegal in the United States because it is truly inhumane and completely unnecessary. Experiments using animals has been used for many centuries now. In fact, testing of animals can be traced all the way back to the early Greeks. For a time, animal experimentation was a groundbreaking tool into understanding complex diseases and how to combat said diseases. Testing animals back then was still incredibly vile, but it was at least justified...
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...Animal testing, an imperative and common procedure that has raised controversy regarding humanistic values, has been a long-lasting debated question in the scientific community. In the pursuit of scientific knowledge, animal testing has been undoubtedly essential: It has allowed for the development of new treatments and vaccines, and a better understanding of the human body. Without the sacrifices made in animal experimentation, medical, educational and commercial advancements could not be possible. For these reasons, it is evident that animals are a scientific necessity to the well-being of humanity, and should be used for experimentation. Animal testing refers to experimentation carried out on living animals for the purpose of research in basic...
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