...Stereotype threat affects many people in many different ways. Social Psychology defines Stereotype threat “is a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. Unlike self-fulfilling prophecies that hammer one’s self –concept, stereotype threat situations have immediate effects ” The effects of stereotype threat are advanced because of the self-fulfilling prophecies that many different races, sexes or even religions fall into the effects of. Stereotype threat plays amongst different groups, and the effects that may cause a different reaction otherwise if not being associated with that group, self -fulfilling prophecies can be the consequence. In some situations Stereotype threat can be a subconscious thought, but for some situations or people if they believe a stereotype and circum to it simply without even trying, that is the self -fulfilling prophecy that is placed on oneself. Stereotype threat can be implanted in us by certain words and attitudes that are associated with certain groups of people. It has been studied more over the years of the different ways that stereotype threat plays a role in certain groups and the consequences that it has. Research was originally centered on race and how it has caused underachievement among African Americans. In recent research it has been broadened to show this threat in many different areas that can affect almost all people in some way. Options that can be used to minimize...
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...the psychologist Albert Mehrabian 93% of communication is communicated through demonstrative communication/ nonverbally (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, p. 88, 2010). Being that a whopping 93% of communication is nonverbal it’s worth studying and becoming more aware of what you’re communicating to others nonverbally and what others are communicating to you nonverbally. Even though such a high percentage of communication is nonverbal most nonverbal behavior is unconscious. But by becoming more familiar with nonverbal communication and making an effort to realize what you’re communicating nonverbally you’ll be able to be more in control of the messages you send others. A quote that I was once told that stuck with me was that, “Perception is everything.” I believe this to be true. If you see a man walking down the street in a suit and tie holding a briefcase one would assume he’s a business professional of sorts, but really that’s just stereotyping that persons appearance. He could be far from what he appears to be. A person’s image or appearance is a form of nonverbal communication. In society people are conditioned to stereotype other people based on their appearance. This is because people don’t have time to get to know everyone so it’s much more efficient to stereotype people based on past experiences and knowledge. So everyday when someone goes out into public they’re choosing to some degree how other people will view them based on how they present themselves. If someone goes...
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...Common Differences and Strategies Angeline Birong SOC/333 August 11, 2014 Erica Lloyd Common Differences and Strategies Communication is a part of daily life. Men and women have different ways of communicating which can lead to stressful interactions. This paper will examine verbal and non-verbal communications differences between the genders, types of miscommunications, and discusses the right-of-way concerning gender and status, and provide examples of dialogue among the genders. The author will also include personal experiences concerning miscommunication among the genders, and highlight ineffective communication methods observed, as well as offer effective strategies for solving the situation. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Men and women employ differing verbal and nonverbal communication styles. These different styles can lead to certain perceptions of stereotypes between the genders. Feminine Style Women use a style that is more engaging and will “promote emotions and understanding in a personal way” (Rawluszko, 2009). A feminine style of communication is polite, involved, and supportive. Women will communicate just for the sake of communicating. The subject matter is less important than the fact communication is taking place. This builds, maintains, and proves the relationship is important (Ivy & Backlund, 2008). Women frequently infuse emotion and their own beliefs in conversations as well. Women’s voice tend to use a higher pitch than men’s. Research...
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...reference checking, weighted application blanks, skill tests, and psychological testing. There are obviously good reasons for the popularity of the employment interview despite the controversy regarding its validity. This paper analyzes the validity of the interview-the measure of the degree to which the test predicts job success. Good selection doesn’t depend only on quality information, but on the quality of the interpretation. In the interview, the interviewer looks at the background of the applicant, analyzes the applicant’s responses during the interview and makes judgments about the behavior of the applicant. The following factors affect validity: * Pre-interview Impressions * Psychological Selective Perceptions * Stereotypes * Halo effect * Trait Configurations Thus, often the validity of the interview rests on the interviewer....
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...International Management 375 Assessment 1 - Individual Portfolio Portfolio questions: week 3 1. Discuss how the Internet and culture interact. Which most affects the other and how? Give some examples. Internet has now become an integral thing from the viewpoint of organizations and society and it is now emerged as a technology which is creating effectiveness for these aspects from different angles (BEREND AUTOR WIERENGA, 2000). There is a considerable difference found among internet and culture and the interaction of both of these aspects are not easy, as there are certain countries and environment and cultures wherein the utilization of internet is not easy because of the backward thinking of the people living in this region. The thing that affects the most to the people is culture not the internet (Chernev, 2012). If the culture and tradition of the country is effective and clear then the utilization of the same is also effective which will affect over the position of the people. Some of the examples are of African and European region countries in which the stance of utilization are totally change with each other. 2. Discuss the types of operational conflicts that could occur in an international context because of differences in attitudes towards time and individualism. Give examples relative to specific countries. Organization is a name wherein people belong to different demographics and mindset work together merely for the achievement of a single and pre-specified goal...
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...Gender Differences in Working and Communicating with Others In organizations there are numerous factors that outline the foundation for a strong, successful and smooth operating company. The key is having wonderful communication across the board, it can increase productivity, improve employee satisfaction and help recognize an outstanding leader in an organization. Nonverbal, verbal, written, and any means by which getting one’s point across to another can be categorized as communication. Communicating can be taken for granted since we all do this every day, however, it is important we have the skills to know how to properly communicate with one another. Everyone communicates differently due to their education background, where they were raised, age and gender. The one, which I am going to focus on is gender and what impact that, has on communication. There are clear gender differences in how we communicate and this can even have an affect in the workplace, such as situations can arise where there are misunderstandings between men and women. The way in which men and women communicate stem from the differences in the brain. One major structural difference is that “males generally have more activity in the mechanical centers of the brain, while women have more activity in centers of the brain dedicated to verbal communication and emotion” (Wikninews). In female brains the corpus callosum, the part of the brain that regulates communication within the brain is larger than...
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...Gender Differences 11/2/13 Gender Differences Gender stereotypes are strong in our culture and even put preconceived notions in our minds of what profession we will be when we grow up. The differences in men and women’s brain do show men are better at mathematical jobs than women, however, it should not deter women from wanting to be engineers. Stereotypically, girls are soft spoken, gentle, caregivers, on the other hand, boys are outspoken, direct, and confident. These stereotypes are embedded in our minds from when we are little, even impacting our thoughts of which gender should occupy which profession. We look at specific jobs and correlate them with a certain gender. When children are growing up they often want to be a specific profession such as, girls may want to grow up to be a teacher or nurse, and boys want to be a firefighter or a police officer. Girls are taught that they must relate to others in order to survive, while boys are taught that they must compete with others to survive. Not only is it our brains that are different, but our upbringings and stereotypes of gender roles play an important role in how we communicate with each other. The more in-depth you look at the topic gender differences in working and communicating with others, the more it gets you thinking not only of how co-workers communicate with each other but how the public communicates with a professional due to their sex. For example, one may unconsciously communicate with a woman police officer...
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...communication includes nonverbal and unwritten communications. Demonstrative communication can either reinforce verbal communication. There are many types of nonverbal communication. Types of NonVerbal Communication Types of nonverbal communication include Chronemics, Proxemics, Oculesics, Kinesics, Haptics, Vocalics, and Personal Style. (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, 2010) Chronemics refers to the use of time. This is expressed by the urgency in which the message is delivered and how long it takes to communicate the message. This will affect how the message is received. If someone were to rush up to you and yelled “RUN”, you would most definitely run. But, on the other hand, if they casually walked up to you and said “run”, you would probably linger about questioning why because such a message is conflicting with the chronemics of the message. Proximics refers to the use of space. (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, 2010) If someone were to get very close to you and quietly express a message, you would infer that such message was confidential as opposed to vocalizing the message in a normal tone in a wider space would show that the message was for public consumption. Close proximity is difficult. It makes a lot of people very uncomfortable and therefore they may be less concerned with your message and more concerned with their comfort level. Oculesics is the term for eye contact. Eye contact is a very important form of nonverbal communication. The interpretation...
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...Demonstrative Communication Eira Schweigert BCOMM/275 June 5, 2013 Patricia Munson Demonstrative Communication Communication is as diverse as the many cultures that not only incorporate our personal lives but our professional as well. One of the many facets of communication is demonstrative that include nonverbal and unwritten communication. Nonverbal and unwritten communication consists of body language, facial expressions, tone (vocal variations), and personal style. Author’s Cheeseboro, O’Connor, and Rios (2010) stated (p.7-9) that there are seven types of nonverbal variations of communication: chronemics (use of time), proxemics (use of space), oculesics (eye contact), kinesics (gestures and facial expression), haptics (touch), vocalics (vocal variations), and personal style. Chronemics is how people regard time. Cultural differences and a person’s own sense of timing can influence this. How much time it takes to communicate a message can affect its meaning. Proxemics refers to the distance you stand when talking to others as well as how you regard territory. Different cultures have different variations to the distance they stand when speaking to others. Standing to close can cause another person discomfort and to act defensively which is not conducive to a productive work environment. Territory refers to the relationship to fixed space. One must be aware of personal space and territory when interacting with others. Oculesics is related to territoriality and...
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...They assume that only men should know how to shoot a gun and woman should not. So when Albert was at the county fair he was challenged to a shooting game , when it was his turn he did horribly and everyone laughed. When Charlize joined in the game because Albert was being laughed at she shot a perfect game, and all jaws dropped. Again this is an example of gender stereotype, because Albert is a man they perceived him to be great at shooting a gun, and Charlize being a female they were not expecting the outcome that came along with that. I also noticed when Albert first met Charlize he self disclosed information about his ex girlfriend to her, and it resulted in them having a friendship with her, although it could have been a bad thing it worked in his favor.. In another incident Charlize was talking to her husband and he said “act like a wife should” and Charlize response was “oh my god I am the luckiest woman in the west” but her nonverbal read otherwise. She was clearly being sarcastic and her nonverbals gave it all away. Albert walked up to his ex girlfriend Amanda and claims Charlize to be his new girlfriend all for identity management. So he misrepresented himself...
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...Unit 9: Make up Quiz: 1. Inspiring actors able to recite his lines flawlessly when alone but consistently stumbles over his lines in front of an audience which of the following concepts does this scenario described? * Social Inhibition * Pg. 298 * The presence of others sometimes inhibits individual performance as suggested by the example of Jake who could recite his lines flawlessly when he was alone but stumbled over his own words in public this reaction is called social inhibition of performance. 2. Which of the following researchers is most closely associated with the development of social impact theory? * Latane * Pg.303 * Developed by Latane. 3. What concept refers to the shared rules and expectations about how group members should behave? * Social roles * Pg.310 * Associated with each position in a particular set of rules and understanding about what the person in the position is expected to do what their responsibilities are and so on. 4. Groups often make more extreme decisions than do individuals while alone describes which social psychological concept? * Group Polarization * Pg.316 * James Stoner reported that decisions groups make are often riskier than individual views held by the members before decisions 5. We tend to feel obligated to return both favors and insults this is known as the norm of? * Reciprocity * Pg.324 * If one party makes...
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...of Phoenix Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Communication is the process through which we exchange information. We communicate verbally and nonverbally. These forms of communication may vary from culture to culture. We use a common spoken language to communicate with one another but it is essential to learn the language in a cultural setting to clearly understand each other. Non-verbal communication includes, but is not limited to, touch, eye contact, volume in our voices, facial expressions, posture, gestures, proximity, sounds, physical appearance and even the clothing we wear. Uniforms, for example, may be associated with the occupational status of an individual; a businessman may wear a suit, and a farmer wears overalls, and so on, each of which implies sets of relationships with the rest of the world. Our attention is usually focused on the study of verbal communication, but non-verbal communication also plays an important role in human interaction. We may use non-verbal communication to emphasize what we are saying verbally or to express our emotions lying beyond the verbal element. Among cultures and nationalities there are differences between verbal and non-verbal communication. Body language for example deals with the use of hands, arms and especially with the face. Facial expressions, such a smile, rolling of the eyes and arching of eyebrows, even breathing, may tell much about the person’s momentary feelings. For example, a person from a Mediterranean...
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...One of the key elements to having a successful team would be communication which can either be verbal or nonverbal. Now even though these two are separate types of communication, they are both essential to use in order to fully express everyone’s understanding and point of view. Groups have to connect in a way for everyone to comprehend and contribute to make the final product. Without good communication within a team, the process may become that much more difficult especially when trying to express ideas over a medium such as e-mail or text messages. As explained in Ch. 7 of Working in Groups, verbal communication is simply the vocabulary we use to communicate such as the words we say to each other or the words used to create an essay just like this. Nonverbal communication emphasizes more on the way we say the words or the emotion behind the sentence being used. Some examples of nonverbal communication would be the tone of a person’s voice, body language, or even eye contact. Nonverbal communication may be difficult to express through things such as text messaging or e-mail but people have used symbols which can represent a certain type of emotion like using all capital letters or over exaggerating punctuations. In Ch. 7 of Working in Groups, it explains that scientist believe that men and women think differently but each of these types of thinking are needed when working within a group of men and women. When working in a group of this nature it is best to not use...
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...PREFACE Thank to God who has given grace and mercy to the author so we can successfully complete this paper timely, with title "Intercultural Communication". We would like to thank our friends who have been taking part in the making this paper until finish eating, and also to all those who helped in the completion of this paper. We realize that in the preparation of this paper there are still many flaws and is far from perfection. Therefore, critics and suggestion is needed here for the improvement of this paper.. The writer hopes that this paper will be useful not only for the writer but also for the readers. Bandung, September 2015 Author Table Of Contents Preface 1 Chapter 1 3 Introduction 3 1.1 Issue background 3 1.2 Purpose of the paper 4 Chapter 2 5 Theory and Discusion 5 2.1 Notion and Principle of Intercultural Communication 5 2.2 Misinterpretation Intercultural Communication in the Lecture 7 2.3 Obstacle in Intercultural Communication 9 Chapter 3 12 Conclusion 12 Bibliography 13 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Issue background The world today is filled by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Not just happen out of the country, Indonesian society has always been known to be very heterogeneous in many aspects, such as the diversity of ethnicity, religion, language, etc. Is common as an Indonesian citizen with...
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...Midterm Exam (Writing Part) Chapter one: What is communication? Communication is a process where someone is experiences behavior and attribute to that behavior. Communication does not mean necessarily speaking to someone and listening. Communication has a lot of elements to it, there isn’t just one type there are many. One type is Dyadic which is when the communicating is between two people one on one. Communication is also online such as speaking to one another throughout the internet and meeting new people from other states, and countries. Communication distribution can be cause by anything such as text messages, noise, or things in the background of the person you are speaking too. Feedback is an important part of communication, the way you use feedback can determine if you helped the person or gave he or she negative feedback which will make them act differently because of what was said. Communication cannot be taken back, what was said can’t be reversed and it will be permanently said and it depends on how the other person takes it, that will either make them very happy or terribly sad. I personally did not know there were different types of communication and that it has a lot of factors. Culture is one of those ways it is affected, culture is a factor because there are words that are said and meant differently in every language they do not always mean the same exact thing. Also, I knew saying things were irreversible but I didn’t think saying something wrong will affect...
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