...society in the early 19th century. At the same time, the norms and values which she presents bear some remarkable similarities to today’s world. Social norms are defined by Kendall, Murray, and Linden in Sociology in Our Times as “established rules of behavior or standards of conduct” (664), while a social value is defined as “a collective idea about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture” (668). These terms can be used fairly interchangeably; they both mean basically the same thing, with norms being the actual behaviors that are dictated by values. Such norms and values are shown in a multitude of ways throughout Pride and Prejudice. There are norms associated with most every aspect of society, including the norms for class, money, gender, and marriage most commonly explored in Austen’s novels. Austen shows society’s values both through satire and through presenting what she considers to be the better alternative. The society of Austen’s time no doubt differs from today in many ways; however, when the actual values of society are closely examined, it becomes apparent that there are some fundamental similarities. Money and class had a very strong influence on what was deemed ‘proper’ during the 19th century. The higher one’s class and economic level, the more highly respected one would be in society. Darcy, with his £10 000 a year and landed gentry background, is the social superior of the Bennets, who make only £2000 a year and...
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...(a) Pride and Prejudice Critically analyse the following passage from Pride and Prejudice, giving detailed consideration to what the passage shows of the thematic concerns and narrative methods of the novel (for example, what themes are dealt with here? What use is made of narrative point of view? How is characterisation achieved?). Pride and prejudice was written by Jane Austen and published in 1813. This passage of the story was written in third person narration perspective that displays thematic concerns and narrative methods throughout the novel to make the readers relate to the story or understand the relations and differences between the 19th century society and the modern society. The themes in this passage are pride, prejudice, family, marriage, class and society, wealth, love, women and femininity, and language and communication. The narrative methods of this passage are narration and point of view (third person narration e.g. focalisation and indirect speech), selection and arrangement of events, characterisation, description, dialogue, exposition and the development of themes. Written in third person, this passage from the “pride and Prejudice” novel is written and told by an omniscient narrator (Jane Austin) who used her heroine and hero character (Elizabeth) as a focalizer through her actions and feelings towards herself, others and what is happening around her. The themes in this “Pride and prejudice” passage are pride, prejudice, family, marriage, class...
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...Are women the weaker sex and in need of constant care? Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice at the end of 18th century, in a time when women were considered to be weak and without options. Many literary scholars seem to agree that in her writing Austen tries to define her personal concept of feminism and she critiques the patriarchal, social, and marriage structures of her time. Pride and Prejudice portrays a male dominated society, in which women are expected to behave in ‘lady-like’ ways and forced to depend on males for social prestige and financial support. Through the plot of the novel and its main characters, Austen indirectly presents social problems to raise awareness of the then current issues of equality, respect, and options women lacked. Austen is recognized as a critic of gender and social codes of her time. According to Susie Steinbach “she was a harsh observer of the legal, economic, and cultural limitations placed on the women of the upper-middle classes who were her main characters” (Steinbach 131). In Pride and Prejudice Austen relates the prevailing attitudes toward women of the day, for example, by presenting how Bennets’ girls are not entitled to inherit Mr. Bennet's estate because of their gender. This entitlement belongs only to a male, which in this case is their cousin, Mr. Collins. Therefore, if they do not get married to someone affluent, who would ‘take care’ of them, they would stay dependant on the charity of a male relative. As Bennets’...
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...Diary vs. Pride and Prejudice Bridget Jones’s Diary by Helen Fielding is about a single woman over 30, who smokes too much, drinks too much, and has a tendency to say whatever comes into her mind. She asks herself: can she find her place in the world, and a man? Her parents recommend a man by the name of Mark Darcy. While he might be wealthy and polite, he just seems too awkward and stiff. A good example of Mark's awkwardness is when he says "I. Um. Are you reading any, ah ... Have you read any good books lately?" Is she going to find the love of her life or is she ever going to live the rest of her life in loneliness and despair? Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen takes place in Georgian England where Mrs. Bennet raises her five daughters Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty and Lydia, - with the purpose of getting them married to rich husbands that can support the family. They are not from the upper class, and their house in Hertfordshire will be inherited by a distant cousin if Mr. Bennet dies. A wealthy bachelor by the name of Mr. Bingley and his best friend Mr. Darcy arrive in town to spend time near the Bennet’s. The shy and beautiful Jane falls in love with Mr. Bingley whereas Elizabeth finds his friend, Mr. Darcy, a snobbish and cold man. She swears to loathe him forever. Interestingly enough this is instead the beginning of their wonderful love story. Bridget Jones’s Diary was written by Helen Fielding in 1996. This is one hundred and eighty-three years after Pride and Prejudice...
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...“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” This epigram outlines the whole atmosphere for Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and provides the bones of the novel. It also serves as bait, bait that hooks readers onto Pride and Prejudice and will not let them go. Austen was exceedingly successful in her opening chapter in trying to entice the audience to read on, and drew on multiple literary techniques to tease the reader’s curiosity, compelling them to read further. Austen used irony, dialogue and an direct authorial comment to display several of the novels themes and create an appealing opening chapter. Jane Austen used irony to create a successful opening chapter. Irony in the first chapter is found in the opening line, “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” This is ironic as we find out shortly that this statement is certainly not a ‘universally’ held belief and is only accepted by Mrs Bennet who is a very small minded woman of ‘mean understanding’. Austen is saying that many ‘universal’ statements, are certainly not believed by everyone, they are contrived by a selection of a societies population. In this case, the emphasis on the adverb ‘universally’ is provided as these views about marriage are Mrs Bennet’s whole ‘universe’, as her only goal in life is to marry off her daughters. This made the opening effective,...
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...Victoria Egan AP English IV Mrs. S. Johnson May 9, 2011 IRJ Characters Elizabeth Bennet - The main character. second daughter of Mr. Bennet, Elizabeth's most intelligent and reasonable for the Bennet sisters five years. She is well read and quick-witted in a language that can be too hot at their best. Implementation of the essential goodness of Darcy at the end the triumph of his initial prejudices against him. Fitzwilliam Darcy - a wealthy man, Mr Pemberley, and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Although Darcy is intelligent, honest look at its causes him more pride in his social inferior. While admiring the novel, the spirits, he learns to love and class consciousness and Elizabeth for their strong character. Jane Bennet- oldest and most beautiful Bennet sister. Jane's more sober and gentler than Elizabeth. Easy pleasure with which she and Bingley will deliver the opposite of the mutual hostility that the conflict between Darcy and Elizabeth Mark. Charles Bingley: Obviously wealthy friend Darcy. On purchase of Bingley Netherfield, ownership under the Bennetts, an incentive for the novel. He's brilliant, man of good will, which contrasts with the calm nature of the boorish behavior of the original Darcy. He is happy not to worry about class differences. Mr. Bennet - Bennet family patriarch, Sir modest income of five unmarried daughters. Mr. Bennett has a sarcastic, cynical humor that he used deliberately irritate his wife. Although he loves his daughters...
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...position of women in society? In both novels society is presented as an underlying constraint on both of the protagonists lives. Beth Hanson wrote, “A woman can move only downwards” and that “feminine compliance, through the surrender of self is death of a different sort, for to be selfless is not only to be noble, it is to be dead”. This outlook on societal pressures ultimately leads to Tess’ demise in ‘Tess of the d’Urbervilles’ as she falls from the ideal image of a women in the Victorian era and her “selfless” acts does in fact end in her death. Hardy presents ‘Tess of the d’Urbervilles’ as a bildungsroman where we see Tess’ life unfold from innocence to regret and follow her as she is metaphorically ‘kicked’ down the social ladder. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ Lizzie, the female protagonist, is represented as a strong and defying character by Austen. However despite her lack of care for societal pressures she and her sisters are chained down and ultimately need a man, the “governing sex” to set them free. Both Hardy and Austen use societal context to shape the female protagonists lives and show the patriarchal influence on women in the Victorian period. In the first phase of the novel, “The Maiden” and the first phase of Tess’ life she is presented as a “girl” naïve and unaware. Hardy separates the novel into sections to represent Tess’ development and also to foreshadow the later events that will change her life. The term “maiden” in a traditional sense simply means virgin...
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...woman who demands equality. She expresses herself openly and honestly and is not ashamed to make choices on her own terms. In Pride and Prejudice there are three instances where Elizabeth goes against her society’s repressive expectations that a woman should marry according to her social standing and should secure a man as quickly as possible regardless of respect or love. The first is her refusal of Mr. Collins’ proposal, a man she does not respect but is expected to marry due to his ownership of Elizabeth’s father’s estate. Next is her rejection of Mr. Darcy’s proposal for the same reason, despite her reduced circumstances and expectations, she refuses to marry a man who insults and demeans her. Finally, through several conversations culminating into a bitter argument with Lady Catherine DeBourgh, Elizabeth refuses to be belittled by her class and circumstances. Elizabeth is a rebellious character because she rejects the constrictive societal norms placed upon her and instead she chooses to express herself as an individual deserving of equality and respect. Jane Austen best expresses Elizabeth’s repressive and oppressive societal expectations through her friend, Charlotte Lucas. Her view on marriage is extremely passionless; rather it is a means to comfort defined only by a good home, social connections and situation in life. This viewpoint appalls Elizabeth Bennet who firmly believes that marriage should depend...
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...institutionalized or structural Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2, and 8) A category of people distinguished by inheritable physical characteristics that sets them apart from other groups in the society is called _____. (Points : 5) an ethnic group a racial group White ethnics culturally different Question 3.3. (TCOs 3 and 4) Cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality, is/are _____. (Points : 5) values norms ideology symbols Question 4.4. (TCOs 6 and 7) Intermarriage or interbreeding between persons of different racial groups is _____. (Points : 5) discrimination polygyny monogamy miscegenation Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Becoming a nurse or physician is an example of a(n) _____ status. (Points : 5) socioeconomic achieved gender ascribed Question 6.6. (TCO 8) The ability to enforce one's will on others over their resistance is the _____ dimension of social stratification. (Points : 5) prestige power socioeconomic economic Question 7.7. (TCOs 4 and 7) The belief that one's culture or way of life is superior to all others is _____. (Points : 5) pride nationalism ethnocentrism bigotry Question 8.8. (TCO 3) According to the lecture, affirmative action is becoming a(n) _____, rather than a unifying, point. (Points : 5)...
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...religion, the dancing, and the clothing. These are all typical aspects of cultures around the world. Some take pride in where they have come from, their roots. Others, steer away from it. They do so for many reasons, society’s influence being the top reason. Portuguese people, also known as Lusitanos, believe they have a community within the United States, but how much of that is imagined? Do segregation and social spaces influence their views? What does it mean to be Portuguese, in a society that is constantly judging you? Growing up, I was always involved in my community. The members around me influenced me. I took pride in being a Lusitano. Whether it meant accompanying my family to the local feasts to learn how to dance, trying and learning to cook our famous ethnic dishes, learning the language at a young age, or practicing my religion as a Roman Catholic, I was always trying to boost my status in the Portuguese community. Learning the language helped a lot because I could now interact with both of the communities I was a part of, or so I presumed But not everything is as black and white as I thought it was back then. Viewing this community with a mature, wiser perspective, I found the flaws that are in most communities within a society today. This community is more of an imagined community, filled with prejudice people against their own kind. The social norms that are supposed to be abided by are mostly...
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... emotional, and submissive. Men were given the governing role in which they would dominate society due to their ability to make rational decisions while women were expected to unquestionably fill the social roles that men decided for them, and those roles usually revolved around a woman’s duties as a mother and a wife. In marriage, a woman was expected to abide by the orders and views of her husband, and man and wife became one in terms of a woman’s rights, property, and identity. In Tess of the D’urbervilles, a book written in the Victorian Era, Hardy conveys this ideology of separate spheres in his portrayal of men and their dominance over women in society, primarily Tess. Their dominance is shown in how the men act as the masters of society, but it is also seen in how the women in Tess unquestionably view the men as the dominant gender. Often, the women are blindly influenced and act passively when interacting with male characters such as Alec and Angel. They are also seen to be very dependent on the men, and the men acknowledge that, for that is expected of a woman in that age to not be able to make a living for herself. The women’s actions in Tess of the D’urbervilles correspond with what was expected of them in the Victorian era, and they do not try to break the social norm, but, instead, they accept it. In accordance with the perceptions of women in the Victorian era, the men in Tess of the D’urbervilles tremendously influenced the women in...
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...Many Mexican Americans share a common culture and value system that is unique in a number of ways including experiencing widespread discrimination, prejudice, and unequal opportunity in education, employment, income, and housing (Cartwright, 2014). Furthermore, these individuals are considered to be at a heightened risk for development of potential mental health problems (Fierro, 1988). Within this group of individuals, there is an underutilization of mental health services that is causing a growing concern in research and clinical practice. Various socioeconomic and cultural factors place this group of individuals at a risk for developing mental health problems, and research finds that they may be in need of mental health services (Kouyoumdjian,...
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...Act barred Asians from immigrating to America. The greatest example of racial suppression was the unjustified internment of Japanese and Japanese Americans during World War II. The forced evacuation and internment of U.S citizen was not justified and changed the lives of people of Japanese descent. Japanese American and Japanese were moved to internment camps racism and social reasons. Throughout the history of the United States of America, there has been evidence of racism. This can be seen through slavery, treatment of Native Americans, and imprisonment of Japanese Americans in internment camps. Racism was a key factor for the Japanese...
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...Nietzsche are known to be two of the greatest nineteenth century existentialists of all time. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe. It regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts. Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche both felt that life is irrational. They were problem thinkers who chose not to follow the systematic approach to philosophy as their predecessors did. In this regard, they stood on common ground. Both realized that no system of philosophy operates in isolation of its creators inherent prejudices. Any subjective viewpoint is biased; therefore, objectivity is impossible in any moral example. They both recognized that God no longer exists in religion in present-day expression. Men and women go about their daily lives in a manner irreverent of the possibility that there is an all-powerful God governing their affairs. Surprisingly, they proclaim their devotion to God when questioned about it. However, in their attempts to resolve this moral affliction Nietzsche and Kierkegaard are different in their quest for a cure. The very foundations of their moral constitutions were built upon conflicting ideologies: Kierkegaard put his in Christianity, while Nietzsche’s in individualism and self-determination. Kierkegaard saw the problem of religious downfall as an opportunity for...
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...SUBJECT : Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors CONDITION: Classroom environment STANDARD: 1. Define Values, Attitudes, Behaviors and Beliefs. 2. Explain the importance of beliefs, values and norms. 3. Explain the value system and the significance of the socialization process. 4. Explain Louis Rath’s seven value criteria. 5. Explain cognitive dissonance and ways to reduce it. TYPE OF INSTRUCTION: Instruction and Small Group Discussion TIME OF INSTRUCTION: 2 Hours LEAD IN: The Army is probably the largest and most diverse organization in the country with an ethnic and racial makeup most reflective of American society. Each individual brings a set of values and attitudes that have been cultivated over many years. Additionally, these values and attitudes are still being shaped and refined with each new experience. Many of you have strong memories about recent events in your lives, such as promotion, schooling, a new baby, or a transfer. These events and ones yet to come, serve to shape your values and attitudes for the future. However, values and attitudes do not automatically change just because someone puts on an Army uniform. Some values and attitudes, when coupled with a lack of awareness, or insensitivity about others that are different from ourselves, can produce confrontations, anger, and even violence. It is imperative all soldiers and civilian employees recognize and manage their differences so they do not interfere...
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