...http://www.heatermeals.co.uk/ | | Lamb Casserole (300 grams) | | Typlical Values Per 300g pack | Carbohydrates: | 17.1 of which sugars 9.0 | Energy: | Kcals 337 | Energy: | Kj 1405 | Equivalent AS Salt: | 1.467 | Fat: | 22.4 (Saturated Fat 3.2) | Fibre: | 3.2 | Protein: | 15.3 | Sodium: | 0.592 | | Item Description: Tender Lamb Pieces with Potatoes in a delicious Gravy Casserole Self Heating HOT meals in only 10 minutes No Fridge needed Long shelf Life of 5 years+ Lightweight & compact Delicious Food | £32.50 + P&P | | | | Pack of 6 Self Heating Meals Chicken Curry (300 grams) | | | | | Chicken Curry (300 grams) | | Typlical Values Per 300g pack | Carbohydrate: | 17.3 of which sugars 9.4 | Energy: | Kj 1465 | Energy: | Kcals 350 | Equivalent AS Salt: | 2.064 | Fat: | 15.4 (Saturated Fat 5.3) | Fibre: | 2.9 | Protein: | 34.0 | Sodium: | 0.832 | | Item Description: Chicken Pieces in a traditional Curry Sauce Self Heating HOT meals in only 10 minutes No Fridge needed Long shelf Life of 5 years+ Lightweight & compact Delicious Food | £32.50 + P&P | | | | Pack of 6 Self Heating Meals Ravioli in Tomato Sauce (300 grams) | | | | | Ravioli in Tomato Sauce (300 grams) | | Typlical Values Per 300g pack | Carbohydrates: | 37.4 of which sugars 14.9 | Energy: | KJ 1587 | Energy: | Kcals 379 | Equivalent AS Salt: | 2.245 | Fat: | 17.3 (Saturated...
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...Ong En-Ming Student ID: 1404405 Title of Experiment: Determination of The Enthalpy (Heat) of Reaction of A Monobasic Acid with Sodium Hydroxide No. of Experiment: 12 Date of Experiment: 2/2/2016 Date of Submission: 24/2/2016 Group members: 1)Chong Chi Wei 2)Mong Lai Wan 3)Ang Yen Yuan Name of Lecture: Dr. Sim Yoke Leng Title: Determination of the Enthalpy (Heat) of Reaction of A Monobasic Acid with Sodium Hydroxide Objective: 1. To understand the enthalpy chemistry. 2. To determine the calorimeter constant. 3.To determine the enthalpy of reaction of acid-base reactions. Introduction: Heat is associated with nearly all chemical reactions. In such instances, the reaction either liberates heat (exothermic) or absorbs heat (endothermic). When a reaction is carried out under constant pressure (as in an open beaker) the heat associated with the reaction is known as enthalpy. The symbol for enthalpy is ΔH. It is most often too difficult to direct measure the enthalpy change for a reaction. What can be done is to measure the heat changes that occur in the surrounding by monitoring temperature changes. Conducting a reaction between two substances in aqueous solution, allows the enthalpy of the reaction to be indirectly calculated with the following equation. q=m x c x Δ t The term q represents the heat energy that is gained or lost. C is the specific heat of water, m is the mass of the water and Δ t is the temperature change of the reaction...
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...In contrast, the release of heat indicates that the reaction ended with more energy than it had originally in the reaction. These are known as endothermic and exothermic reactions, respectively. Within the close systems, endothermic reactions will release heat, which will cause a rise in temperature; whereas, exothermic reactions, absorbing heat, will cause a decrease in temperature. In order to investigate into how one chemical reaction is endothermic or exothermic, first the solvent, the liquid in which substances are dissolved, must dissolve the substances, or rather potential reactants, in a process known as dissolution. This involves the breaking of ionic bonds and intermolecular forces in order to create new associations between the solute (the substance being dissolved in another substance) and the solvent. This supports the idea that the breaking of intermolecular bonds in the reactants releases energy or heat, while the creation of bonds takes energy or heat to...
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...Introduction The molar heat of combustion of a substance is the heat liberated when 1 mole of the substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen at standard atmosphere pressure with products being CO₂ and H₂O and also releases heat in this process. The heat of combustion is commonly measured experimentally, where the combustions are always exothermic reactions. During combustion hydrocarbon bonds are broken and new ones are created for example; when ethanol combusts with the 3O₂ molecules it breaks the C-H bonds and the other hydrocarbon bonds that are in the ethanol molecule also break resulting in the release of energy and on once these bonds are broken and new molecules are formed and these new molecules are the products of the ethanol...
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...are going to be focusing on are exothermic reactions. Exothermic reactions are reactions that transfer energy to the surroundings. The exothermic reaction is a reaction that gives off more energy than it needs to in order to complete its reaction. The exothermic reaction in this project is between baking soda and vinegar. Baking soda is a bicarbonate and vinegar is a acetic acid. Baking soda is made up of 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1carbon, and 3 oxygen atoms. Vinegar is composed of 2 carbon, 4 hydrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms. Baking soda is an alkaline object that is alike to some salt and it reacts to acidic substances. When baking soda reacts it gives off some type of gas, carbon dioxide. Baking soda is usually seen in cooking, cleaning substances around the house, and in may science projects due to its ability to react with acids. Baking soda is usually used to...
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...These cold packs are not frozen but get cold by squeezing or bending the pack. Calcium ammonium chloride works the same way. Since ammonium nitrate can be harmful to the human bod if it leaks from the cold pack and comes in contact with the skin and can explode, urea is sometimes used. Urea is a nontoxic that must be mixed with water to get cold. The chemicals used in this experiment can produce both exothermic and endothermic reactions. Chemical reactions that produce energy in forms of light, heat, or sound are considered exothermic reactions. These produce heat and can be explosive. They also have negative heat flow this means that heat is released. Exothermic reactions occur spontaneously, which means no work has to be done for this reaction to happen. An example of an exothermic reaction is photosynthesis. Chemical reactions that absorb energy are considered endothermic reactions. They have positive heat flow this means that heat is absorbed. For this reaction to happen, work must be done. Endothermic reactions result in a decrease in temperature. An example of an exothermic reaction is the mixture of sodium and chlorine to make sodium chloride which is commonly known as table salt. ...
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...Determining the enthalpy of combustion of Magnesium Om Vora Ms. Mohoruk Lab Partner: Ujjwal Nambiar 4/25/16 IB HL Chemistry 11 Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of Mg using Hess Law by manipulating three formulas, two of which will be found through the experiment and one value is already given. Materials: Refer to lab handout on the front of the page as no changes were made. Procedure: Refer to lab handout on the front of the page as no changes were made. Qualitative results: • Bubbles and vapor is released during the reaction of both Mg and MgO. • Solutions in the calorimeter got really hot after the mixing the two. Sign of exothermic reaction. • Small residue of...
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...reactants can affect the reaction rate. Here are some examples, cookies bake faster at higher temperatures, bread dough rises faster in a warm place, and two anti acid pills will balance a given amount of acid faster than one. All chemical has a specific chemical formula, which cannot be changed under any circumstances, and it follows the law of conservation of matter. There is no loss of mass during chemical reaction according to law of conservation of matter. There are different types of arrows that show the direction of the chemical reactions. Arrows indicate net forward reactions, and a reversable reaction. A complete chemical equation shows the change of energey during the chemical reaction with the delta sign. For example in an exothermic reaction energy produced during reaction so the dleta sign will come on the product side of the equation, while in an endothermic reaction the energey requires to start the chemical reaction, so the delta sign will come on the reactent...
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...Atoms, Molecules and Ions. AN ATOM is the smallest particle of an element. They cannot be split into smaller particles in chemical reactions. Iron is made of iron atoms (Fe). Sulphur is made of sulphur atoms (S) A MOLECULE is a small group of atoms joined together. The atoms may be the same (e.g. O2) or different (e.g. H2O). The chemical formula shows the number and type of atoms present. Non-metal compounds are made of molecules: Carbon dioxide contains CO2 molecules Methane (natural gas) contains CH4 molecules AN ION is an atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge (+ or -). Metal compounds such as sodium chloride or copper sulphate contain ions. Sodium chloride is made of Na+ and Cl- ions Copper Sulphate is made of Cu2+ and SO42- ions Note that metals form positive ions while non-metals form negative ions. A solid is represented by (s). e.g. H2O(s) is ice. A liquid is represented by (l) e.g. Fe(l) is molten iron. A gas is represented by (g) e.g. H2O(g) is steam. A solution in water is represented by (aq). Salt dissolved in water is NaCl(aq). You should remember that the common gases are diatomic (have 2 atoms in each molecule). These are Oxygen O2; Hydrogen H2; Nitrogen N2; and Chlorine Cl2. Elementary Particles Atoms are made up of smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons cluster together in a small nucleus at the centre of the atom while the electrons orbit the nucleus. The main properties...
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...Laboratory Reports Name : Ellene C. Gabane III-Malinis Group mates Name : Date : March 14,2014 Hazel Gubuan Searl Paul Escalona Rachel joy Canilas Jhon Rex Benico Rochelle Lasic Katherin Mendoza Karen Jeane Banatao Activity #1 Evidences of Chemical Change Name : Ellene C. Gabane III-Malinis Group mates Name : Date : Feb. 13 , 2014 Hazel Gubuan Searl Paul Escalona Rachel joy Canilas Jhon Rex Benico Rochelle Lasic Katherin Mendoza Karen Jeane Banatao Introduction This report refers to the changes that occur when substances undergo chemical change. A chemical change involves the formation of new substances. The properties and composition of the new substances vary greatly with those of the original substance. Physical changes involve changes in physical properties, such as size, shape, and density, or changes in phase (solid to gas, liquid to solid) without undergoing a change in the composition of the substance. This experiment is where the substance in original appearance was changed into another form of substance or solution. The objective was to observe the three solutions when there was a change in chemical...
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...Color Changes Intro to Physical Science Professor Fara Dyke 1. What three particles make up every atom? Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom. Protons have a positive (+) charge. An easy way to remember this is to remember that both proton and positive start with the letter "P." Neutrons have no electrical charge. 2. What are the major differences among the three particles that make up every atom? The three particles which make up every atom differ in electrical charge and in mass, primarily. The proton and neutron have approximately the same mass but the neutron is slightly heavier; they each weigh approximately 2000 times more than the electron. The proton has a charge of +1, the neutron has no charge, and the electron has a charge of -1. 3. What is the relationship between a photon and a quantum leap? A quantum is a discrete bundle of energy. It can be delivered by a photon. A quantum leap in an atom is when a photon carrying just the right amount of energy (i.e., at the right frequency or the right color) is absorbed by the atom and its electron jumps to a higher quantum level or higher orbital. 4. using the periodic table, determine the result of the following calculation: the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom minus the number of electrons in the outer shell of a helium atom plus the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom. This would equal (0). 5 .When is an electron...
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...Outer shell electrons in H: 1 (s shell half filled, only one electron) Outer shell electrons in He : 2 s shell is filled- is the outer shell?) so that would mean 1-2+1=0 5. When is an electron a valence electron? Why are valence electrons especially important in chemical reactions? An electron is considered a valence electron when it is on the very outside layer away from the nucleus. 6. Are the following substances acid, base, or neutral: 1. sodium bicarbonate (pH = 8.3):base 2. Blood (pH = 7.4):neutral 3. milk (pH =6.7): neutral 4. orange juice (pH = 3.6): acid 5. milk of magnesia (pH = 10.5): base 7. When your body metabolizes the food you eat, are the chemical reactions endothermic or exothermic? Endothermic...
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...States of Matter Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences. | | | Microscopic view of a gas. | Microscopic view of a liquid. | Microscopic view of a solid. | Note that: * Particles in a: * gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. * liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. * solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. * Particles in a: * gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds. * liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. * solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place. Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together. The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property. Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior | gas | liquid | solid | assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another | assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another | retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place | compressible lots of free space between particles | not easily compressible little...
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...EXPERIMENT 3 Title : EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF HESS’S LAW Objective : To determine the heat of reaction by applying Hess’s Law for reactions whose energy cannot be easily measured directly. Introduction An exothermic reaction releases heat into the surroundings and is usually observed as temperature increases in the solvent, container, and other immediate surroundings. The amount of heat released from the reaction can be expressed as q reaction = q solution + q calorimeter ……..(1) In this experiment, the calorimeter is assumed to absorb so little heat that q calorimeter is nearly zero and thus the equation simplifies to q reaction = q solution ……...(2) The temperature change caused by the addition of a given amount of heat will depend on the specific heat, Csp of the substance. Thus, the heat involved can be calculated by the equation Q = (Csp)(m)(T) ………(3) The mass of the substance is m, and the change in temperature is T (final temperature – initial temperature) Since this experiment is run at constant pressure, thus the heat changes observed will be equal to the enthalpies of reaction, H for the reactions considered. The enthalpies of these directly observed reactions and Hess’s law will be used to calculate the enthalpy change for an additional reaction which is not directly observed. Recall that since enthalpy is a state function, the enthalpy change for any process will depend only on the initial and final states...
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...Combustion Lab Lukas Worcester PGHS Introduction The concepts of hydrocarbons, combustion, specific heat capacity, and endothermic reactions must be understood by the students to complete the lab. Carbon and hydrogen molecules are what actually make up hydrocarbons structure. Hydrocarbons are typically utilized in fuels and lubricants, as well as raw materials such as plastic, rubber, and other materials. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion, which creates carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is defined as an exothermic reaction, a reaction putting off heat instead of taking in heat. Combustion’s main purpose is to create an oxidized material. Each and every substance on...
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