...John Morreall in his writing Taking Laughter Seriously defines the incongruity theory as “…an intellectual reaction to something that is unexpected, illogical, or inappropriate in some other way” (15). In other words, it is an intelligent person’s out of place reaction to things, actions, or behaviors. Something is considered out of place when they are unexpected or do not follow the pattern people normally think for it will follow. Kant takes this principle of unexpectedness and puts it into his own words as, “Laughter is an affection arising from sudden transformation of a strained expectation into nothing” (qtd. in Morreall). In this quote Kant is saying that we laugh when we expect something or an action to go a certain way but it does not; it turns into nothing, in other words out of place. This principle, expectation turning into the unexpected, of the incongruity theory is the one that is seen throughout Barry’s “Beauty and the Beast”. It serves as the reason for our laughter at the comical aspects in the Barry’s...
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...Help can come from unexpected places no matter where you are. The story "7th grade" by Gary Soto and the "Scholarship Jacket" by Marta Salinas. They share a common theme. Both stories teach us, help can come from unexpected places. When you need help, you need help might find it where you least expect it. In 7th grade by Gary Soto tells a story about a boy named Victor, who's in 7th grade he tries to impress his crush Teresa. When he is in French the teacher asks if anybody already knows how to speak French already. Victor raises his hand, wanting to impress Teresa. The teacher asks him to speak what he knows. Victor doesn't know any French says what he thinks sounds like it could be French but it sounds like nonsense. The teacher didn’t...
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...Summary of Safety, Accidents, and Investigations: Be Prepared for the Unexpected Steven Derrick Grimes Columbia Southern University SUMMARY OF SAFETY, ACCIDENTS, AND INVESTIGATIONS: BE PREPARED FOR THE UNEXPECTED The Article Safety, accidents, and investigations: Be prepared for the unexpected talks about developing an accident plan that covers the entire scope, from basic prevention to job hazard analysis, training, preparedness to responding to accidents, and strategies to handling accident investigations. The author’s intended audience is the numerous organizations to the promotion of safety and health in the workplace. Performing a job hazard analysis is basically conducting an assessment of the work that each employee performs on a daily basis. According to Battles (2011), a thorough analysis in tales “completing a survey of the tasks where injuries occur or could occur”. To conduct this type of analysis one must first locate areas of the job where employees might become injured. Then, note all possible causes and their root (Battles, 2011). A job hazard analysis is a method that focuses on job task to identify hazards before they occur. According to OSHA “The analysis focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment” (Battles, 2011). By doing a job hazard analysis companies will be able to find hazards before they appear thus cutting down on job injuries and loss of work time due to injuries, legal...
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...considered an argument against the e¢ cient markets hypothesis. 3. Suppose …nancial market participants expect a corporation to gain $5 per share, but the corporation gains only $4 per share. Holding everything else constant, according to the e¢ cient markets hypothesis, the price of the stock will (increase / decrease / be unchanged ) when the $4 per share gain is announced. 4. Suppose a company decides to retain a higher percentage of earnings so that its dividend payment to stock-holders decreases. “Lower dividends means that stock prices will decrease.” This statement is (true / false). Holding everything else constant, the increase in retained earnings would decrease stock prices. However, a change in retained earnings often leads to a change in perception of growth rate of dividends. If g increases, stock prices would tend to increase. The net result will be an ambiguous e¤ ect on stock prices. SHORT ANSWERS NO CREDIT WILL BE GIVEN FOR JUST STATING THE CORRECT ANSWER. 1. Suppose you observe that after a …rm makes an unanticipated earnings announcement, there is an immediate jump in the stock price and then the price keeps drifting for a while after the announcement. Is this consistent with the e¢ cient markets hypothesis? Explain. No it is not. If there is a predictable change in stock prices then you should be able to predict it. After an unexpected, say positive, earnings...
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...makes us laugh is that it really presents the audience with the unexpected.Although the audience expect that four men in vegas for a buck night to do stupid things, the directors and writers make a farce out of this,finding humour in the pain of the aftermath. We don’t expect the guy under controlled by his girlfriend to be the party animal of the group,hence spontaneously marrying a woman he met that night. We also don’t expect for the wolfpack to discover naked chinese lisping gangster to be in the boot of the car in the middle of the desert. All of these events are absurd to the extreme and the unexpected. We anticipate and appreciate as go though the journey of the wolf pack putting back the puzzle pieces of their night back together. Using ridiculous ways to make laughter.We discover what happened during the night in vegas during the credits to help us assist us in our judgements and discoveries. Doubtedly The Hangover’s techniques to pursue to comedy may of been taken too far.Some may not want to see a baby being made to look like he's touching himself or perhaps physical humour such as getting hit in the face with a car door in the middle of the desert. Only to discover the naked chinese man in the boot of the car.However undoubtedly the ridiculousness makes the audience expect the unexpected especially through character and techniques such as physical humour and unexpected situations....
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...Before answering this question I think it is important to start with the chaos theory and its principles. Chaos is a science of surprises, nonlinear systems and unpredictability. Chaos teaches people to expect unexpected, to deal with impossible. In everyday language chaos means dynamic and random behavior. From the science perspective, chaos theory deals with nonlinear things that are effectively impossible to predict or control, like turbulence, weather, the stock market, our brain states, and so on. Chaos theory relies on basic principles: butterfly effect, unpredictability, order and disorder, mixing feedback and fractals. The answer on the question about shareholder’s focus on a single issue and its effect on a corporation lies deep in the roots of butterfly effect theory. Butterfly effect theory is often associated with Edward Lorenz, mathematician and meteorologist, who has proved from the theoretical example that formation of hurricane in one place depends on whether or not a distant butterfly had flapped its wings several weeks earlier. Thus, a butterfly that flaps its wings in Hong Kong can result in tornado in Texas. Small change at one place in nonlinear systems can result in large differences in a later state. The same scenario is related to a shareholder who can make a big change in the company just by focusing on a single issue. The answer is based on a scientific theory that a single occurrence, no matter how small, can change the course of the universe...
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...Transaction, Operating, & Accounting (Translation) Exposures Foreign Exchange Exposure – measures the potential for a firm’s profitability, net cash flow, and market value to alter because of a change in exchange rates. Q: What are the three main foreign exchange exposures? A: 1) Transaction Exposure 2) Operating Exposure 3) Accounting Exposure Transaction Exposure – measures changes in the value of outstanding financial obligations incurred prior to a change in exchange rates. Operating Exposure (Economic Exposure, Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure) – measures a change in the present value of a firm resulting from any change in future expected operating cash flows caused by unexpected changes in exchange rates. Accounting Exposure (Translation Exposure) – measures accounting-derived changes in owner’s equity as a result of translating foreign currency financial statements into a single reporting currency. Exhibit 8.1 [pic] Note: In the fourth quarter of 2001 Amazon.com reported a net income of $5 million, due in part to a one-time foreign currency gain of $16 million. Hedging – To take a position that will rise (or fall) in value to offset a change in value of an existing position. |Benefits of Hedging |Costs of Hedging | |Improved the planning capability of the firm. |Risk-averse strategy that benefits management...
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...1. Give two reasons why there may be a short-run tradeoff between unexpected inflation and the unemployment rate? Unexpected inflation reduces real wages W/P, so labor becomes cheaper (adaptive expectations). So with cheaper labor firms hire more workers to satisfy equilibrium condition of MRPL=W/P MRPL - Marginal revenue product of labor W/P - real wage W - nominal wage P - price level (change means inflation). Expected inflation is assumed making labor contract, which does not in general affect real wages W/P (rational expectations). Unemployment by itself tends to press on wages due to higher competition between workers for jobs. Another point is sticky prices, due to unexpected inflation consumers might receive higher real income thus demand more goods which became relatively cheaper due to unexpected inflation, in order to supply such goods by contracts producers are pressed to hire more workers - so adaptive expectations in relation to sticky prices also confirms this trade-off. Higher inflation caused by increase in aggregate demand provides pressure on higher 2. What is the difference between the short run and the long run Phillips curve? Phillips curve is a curve depicting the relationship between inflation and unemployment. Inflation only effects the rate of employment when inflation was not expected. When you have higher and expected inflation for example, firms believe their products are commanding a higher price relative to other goods and so they...
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...goods will also change. In the interest falls for example, then the charges for a loan to buy larger items likes cars, furniture, electrical equipment, and so on, is also likely to fall. As a result more people might be willing to buy such items and the business selling these items might see and unexpected rise in demand for their products. Equally, if the interest rate rises, people might be put off buying things, since it is now more expensive to pay back the loan. Business selling the same products above, might see and unexpected fall in the demand of their products. For the individuals and for the business the changes in the interest rates can have a big impact in their financial situation. Paragraph Two Further effects of changing interest rates can affect our mortgage. For many of us, the mortgage payment is the biggest single monthly outgoing and houses are not paid off quickly either. For many homeowners therefore, the interest rate it is important as it affects how much money we have to pay for the loan on our home and therefore what we have left over to buy others thing like food, clothing, entertainment an so on. If interest rise, we might expect some householders to cut back their expending on others goods and services. When mortgage rates changes,...
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...Palak Patel Mrs. Roman Eng102 Date: 03/16/2012 Divorce in America In the 21st century, so many Americans are struggling with divorce. Studies show that approximately sixty percent of marriage in America ends in divorce, and this does not seem to be slow down (“Divorce”). Nowadays, divorce is more common as compared to the past. Furthermore, so many issues are related to divorce: couples do not want to compromise about their relationship, women are becoming more independent, and couples are getting married too young. According to Wilson, “couples who live together before marriage have higher divorce rates than those who do not, and less educated couples tend to divorce at higher rates than those with more education” (“Introduction to Divorce”). It is also possible that couples are getting married for the wrong reasons, and they are not putting enough effort into their relationship, and their marriages end in divorce. Children are struggling as well as their parents because when parents become divorced the children become divorced too. After parents get divorced, children face a lot of stress during their lives. In the 21st century, the divorce rate in the American family is increasing because married couples are refusing to compromise about their relationship which is posing a potential danger to children. The divorce rate continues to increase in America over last twenty five years. As a matter of facts, the divorce rate is higher in today’s society compared to the...
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...Plan for the Unexpected Many adults are optimistic about retirement, but many will be unsuccessful in preserving the lifestyle and standard of living to which they have become comfortable because they will neglect to plan and save. In fact, some people do not even attempt to calculate what their needs will be when they retire. In the past, Americans could count on Social Security, Medicare, and pension plans directed by their employer to help plan their retirement; however, today it is entirely different. The future of both the Social Security program and the Medicare program are uncertain, and to compound the problem, most employers no longer offer defined benefit plans. Some employers offer contribution plans, such as 401k plans; however, that means that people need to have self-discipline and exhibit regular patterns of investing to ensure a comfortable retirement. Citizens must be active and take responsibility for their own financial security. Not only do people have to calculate how much money they will need for ordinary living expenses, but they will also have to calculate how many years they will live in retirement. In addition, they need to recognize the impact that inflation will have on spending power and determine how much money they will need to cover medical and long-term care expenses if they arise. Although the Social Security program will play an important role in retirement, Americans must create a plan that covers every cost, including the unexpected, to ensure...
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... ❑ Have changes not occurred where you expect to find them? ❑ The text (p. 374) discusses two ways to develop expectations, simple trend analysis and regression analysis. Budgeted amounts and anticipated results ❑ The variance, or lack of variance, may warrant further investigation. Relationships among elements of financial information within the period ❑ Ratios can be based on ❑ Two income statement accounts ❑ Two balance sheet accounts ❑ A balance sheet and income statement account. ❑ The auditor may also consider several accounts using common size statements. Similar information regarding the entity's industry. ❑ Due to your experience, you will develop "rules of thumb" ❑ e.g., in banking ❑ net income / total assets = ~1% ❑ total loans / total assets = ~ 60% ❑ The text also discusses other sources of industry information, such as Dun and Bradstreet or Robert Morris Associates. Relationships of financial information to operating data or other relevant nonfinancial information. ❑ For example, hotel rental income = number of rooms * average room rate * occupancy percentage. ❑ Other examples are given on p. 381, "Reasonable Tests". Use of Analytical Procedures Audit Planning ❑ Highlights ❑ Unusual or unexpected balances. ❑ Unusual or unexpected relationships....
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...Changing Lanes is a movie directed by Roger Michell and written by Chap Taylor and Michael Tolkin. The film is about a young lawyer and a business man who shares a small automobile accident on F.D.R. Gavin Banek who is played by Ben Affleck who also acted in Armageddon leaves the scene of accident and drives off leaving Doyle Gibson played by Samuel Jackson on the F.D.R causing him to miss his court appointment which leaves him with a broken family. After watching the film Changing Lanes, I would recommend everyone to watch the film. I was amused by how well the characters have played their roles. The theme, which was suspense through, out the whole film. Also the setting of the movie that created the rightful atmosphere needed. With all these factors the movie was a definite entertainer, which would keep the audience seated from the beginning till the very end of the movie. The movie has many important factors but the most important of all would be the characters and how well they have played their roles. Gavin Banek, a young lawyer who is one of the main characters in the story and turns a road accident into a chaotic feud. Doyle Gibson is the other main character that opposes Gavin by taking counteractions for his actions. Both of these characters were involved in an accident and Gavin was in a rush to go to courts, so he drives off from the scene accident. From that moment on, both of their lives change lanes. Whether it could be Gavin cheating on his wife and taking...
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...I am tired but doing good this week. I am thankfully almost done with my midterms. This week has been busy, but I'm proud of myself and happy with the effort I have put into my studying. I have learned that I need to work on my time management skills a little bit, but overall everything has been going fine. My results for StrengthsQuest include the themes adaptability, responsibility, deliberative, relator, and harmony. I understood why I got responsibility, deliberative, relator, and harmony. The theme that I didn't expect to get was adaptability. I didn't see myself as someone who is comfortable with change, surprises, and unexpected problems. After reading the description of the theme I understood why I got it. I do like to prepare myself for possible situations and I am flexible when it comes to sudden changes and unexpected situations. I never saw myself as someone who is comfortable dealing with change especially when I moved away for college. I got hit pretty hard with homesickness, but I never realized that I was adapting to the changes and learning how to deal with them. This theme has helped me the most these...
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...Discuss what you learned from teaching the lesson. When I met with you earlier in the semester to discuss my lesson plans and my inability to understand what constitutes a lesson versus a unit, I thought I understood what you were discussing, but obviously not. The lesson plan Felicia and I came up with was still too much and could have functioned as a unit. Teaching this lesson (as well as my reading interventions) really helped me to understand what makes a lesson and how much you should expect your students to do in one setting. I think it would have been a much more effective lesson if it had been scaled down where my shape art activity was removed and I was there to support her activity and assist students who needed extra support....
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