...facts that can be objectively determined. 3. Do you think workers should be permitted to invest all or part of their social security taxes into a personal retirement account? I do think that workers should be permitted to invest into a PRA because it would let the\m save and invest for their retirement and provide workers with a property right to the funds contributed into their accounts and reduce dependency on the government. 4. How does social security affect the economic well-being of blacks relative to whites and Hispanics? According to statistics blacks have a shorter life expectancy than whites and Hispanics, blacks are more likely to pay a lifetime into social security and see little of it. Hispanics have an above average life expectancy and therefore derive a higher return rate than both whites and blacks. Blacks also have a lower return rate due to their shorter life expectancy. 5. Does the current social security system promote income equality? I do not feel that the social security system promotes equality because anyone with income of more than $400 per month has to pay SS tax and if self-employed like a nanny or gardener, has to pay the employers share as well. so even the poorest people pay a 15% tax on income,...
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...I found a few rhetorical phrases in this article. One paragraph talks of dramatically extending the life age by centuries or indefinitely. It goes on to list examples of some things being researched today and says they are promising avenues of research that could be used within a generation to extend life. They will soon be able to replace worn out body parts or replace age damaged cells. I see two examples of rhetoric in these paragraphs, euphemism and dysphemism. Another paragraph talks of how any huge gain in the life expectancy could have negative consequences. It gives examples that could hurt the world population like an overabundance of an older population, the strain it could have on the health care systems, the fight for everyday earth resources like water, and the social impact that it could produce. This paragraph had a lot of downplaying rhetoric in it. Euphemism rhetoric seemed to be the main theme of this article. To me there was more examples of the positive things that could be had if science continues to find ways to manipulate the human body and find ways to life a longer life. The last paragraph had the most rhetoric with dysphemism and downplaying. It gave examples of some of the possible negative effects on the world if humans do in fact start to live longer. I believe this article has enough rhetoric to sway the reader one way or the other depending on how that person feels about the subject. This article talks of how drug abuse among...
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...Running head: JFT2 Organizational Management – Task 1 JFT2 Organizational Management – Task 1 Charles Jorgenson WGU 1. Bill Bailey Motivational Technique Mr. Bailey could effectively use Vroom’s Expectancy Theory to motivate his organization to oppose the merger. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory can be summarized in this way: The probability of a person acting in a certain way depends on the strength of the belief that the action will create a certain outcome and the attractiveness of that outcome to the person (Lawler, 1973). This means that it is more likely that people will act in ways that they believe will produce positive benefits for themselves. In Mr. Bailey’s situation with the Utah Opera, the action is whether or not to support the merger and the outcome is the continued financial stability of the Opera. Mr. Bailey could contrast the Opera’s financial stability, flexible business model, and cash reserve with the Symphony’s financial troubles and union-locked business model. The logical result of this comparison would be that the Opera could only become less financially stable by a merger as the Symphony doesn’t have many positives to offer in that area. Using this technique would motivate the Opera to not support the merger as they would strongly believe the merger would leave them in a less desirable financial situation. The lack of attractiveness of this new financial situation would be hard to measure. One way to solidify its lack of desirability is to...
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... The Indians have many disadvantages over a lot of things such as demographic, health care, educations, employment, and housing. The author creates a list of information that compares between the Indians and American. The main arguments in this article are the life of the Indians are lacking in so many ways which we cannot even imagine that they are a part of United States. The evidence that supports the author’s thesis is “Many Reservation residents live without health care due to vast travel distances involved in accessing that care. Additional factors include under-funded, under-staffed medical facilities and outdated or non-existent medical equipment”. The facts state that the average life expectancy on the Reservation is 45 years old while it is 77.5 year of age life expectancy average found in the United States as a whole. Not only health care is lack, housing condition is even worse than a ghetto. Evidently, over 33% of the Reservation homes lack basic water and sewage systems as well as electricity. In a house of two or three bedrooms, the reports find out more than fifteen people is living under the same roof. Moreover, Alcoholism affects eight out of ten families on the Reservation. The death rate from alcohol-related problems on the Reservation is much higher than the remaining US population. The goal of this source is to educate readers about the life on the reservation, and how different that life compared to United State’s modern life. In addition, the source...
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...accepted motivational theory known as Expectancy theory of motivation introduced by Victor Vroom in 1964. It will first explain the three key components and relationships of the expectancy theory of motivation. These components include Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence. In addition, it will explain how to enhance the motivation of employees in a fictional but real-life modeled scenario using the Expectancy theory of motivation. After studying this paper, the reader should be able to explain the main components of the Expectancy theory of motivation and apply it’s concepts as an approach to improving performance in a given workplace situation. ______________________________________________________________________________ Behavioral Influences - Expectation Theory of Motivation The subject of motivation has received a great deal of attention in the social sciences, especially when it comes to organizational behavior and management in the workplace. One of the most widely accepted theories of motivation includes Victor Vroom’s Expectancy theory, which was first introduced in 1964. Expectancy theory of motivation is a contemporary theory of motivation, which focuses primarily on a worker’s perceived outcomes. Vroom suggests workers will be highly motivated when they believe high levels of effort will lead to better performance, which in turn will lead to the attainment of desired outcomes (Vroom, 1964). Expectancy theory of motivation is comprised of...
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...Technological Change and Economic Growth Without economic growth a country cannot grow itself as a whole. To understand the role of technological change in economic growth, we must first explore economic growth. Economic growth is the increase in a nation’s real gross domestic product per person over time. There are two types of growth, the positive and the negative. Some of the positive effects are better living standards, better health care, and material abundance. It also has negative effects such as environmental destruction, and increased income inequality. With each invention over the past 150 years or so, it has made economic growth easier. Even little things can make a big difference in production which can lead to greater production and more profit which in turn helps the GDP grow as well as the economy. There are tradeoffs with the technology growth, for example the invention of the cell phone. It makes everything so much easier and more convenient, but because of that people are getting rid of their household lines, thus causing phone companies to lose money, with less profit coming in they are forced to lay off people. Another way to look at it is, that those cell phones now create new jobs for people because they need to be manufactured and produced. This provides jobs and the company profits helping the economy grow. With how fast technology is expanding and making its way into the work force and making everyday lives easier it is also costing us as well. People...
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...part of their Social Security taxes into a PRA. Knowing that I have paid social security taxes for nearly 20 years now and that I have 30 more years before I reach retirement age, it concerns me that the Social Security deficit continues to grow. After paying into Social Security for 50 years, I would hate to see my generation get to retirement age and not receive their rightfully earned benefits. I think allowing workers to invest part of their benefits into a PRA will ensure that they can retire without worry and be allowed to pass this down to heirs as well. 4. Social Security does a disservice to blacks due to their low life expectancy rate. Blacks pay into the Social Security fund at the same rate that whites and Hispanics do but due to their low life expectancy rates, may not see many benefits, if any. Whites have higher life expectancies and Hispanics even higher then Whites. Blacks may feel that they are being taxed to fund the retirement of Whites and Hispanics. 5. No, the current Social Security system does not promote income equality. The formula used to calculate benefits disproportionately favors workers with low lifetime earnings. However, low wage workers generally begin working at a younger age therefore, they generally pay more into the system earlier and forgo more interest than do high wageworkers. 6. It would not...
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...(( Instant )) Message to I.T. Leaders: The Kids Are Alright. Has technology impacted your life, Have you become a victim of technicological way of living? Has everyone else around you caved to the way of technology? Do have concerns of how technology will impact the following generations to come? If so then this information is for you? Technology has become the one main component in our daily lives, it is the one thing we turn to every day. The way we talk to people, the way we make a sale, the way we run our business's, the way we listen to music, the way we buy and sale stocks, everything we do in our daily lives is ran by technology. Look at what I am doing right now, I am doing this essay on my lap top which is recommended to have in college these days. No writes out their essay's by hand any more, its all through computers and technology which is disappointing in a sense, because its the easy way out of things as I see it, I am not saying that technology does not have its benefits it does, but what ever happened to the old classic hard working satisfaction people use to do, people managed fine and did many great things before there was technology like there is today, Its laziness the easy way of doing everything, if their is an easier way of doing things, where people can do things faster but with less work, they will develop it, but what about the long term affects of all this, dont people see what is happening to our society? Doesnt...
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...Motivation and Teams Case Study Case One: Two Men and a Lot of Trucks The first theory is I think plays in this study are the expectancy theory. I think this because her children believed in the hard work they performed would lead to rewards. This led them to buy a franchise of their own. Equity theory is also found in this case study due to the rewards that each child got due to their mother owning the business and rewarding them to work for her. Ms. Sheets also plays a role in the expectancy theory. She did believe that if she worked hard her business would succeed more than she would have expected. Ms. Sheets opened a Stick Men University that was used to train franchisees and movers how to properly move items and customer service. Case Two: Siemen’s New Boss The theory this case study shows is expectancy theory. I feel that Mr. Kleinfield displayed the characteristics of this theory. He came to the business young and with new ideas that would save the company money and the employees their jobs. It appears that the plant was costing the business more money than they expected or wanted to continue paying. Mr. Kleinfield came to the location and had to convince the employees to change their normal hours days and hours. He eventually convinced the employees to do as he asked which in time reduce production time and costs, which saved their jobs. He was open to questions by anyone in the plant, even the employee reps. He was there to show them that he was...
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...Rett Syndrome Rett Syndrome first discovered by Dr Andreas Rett, a pediatrician in Vienna, Austria in 1954. He first noticed two girls in his waiting room with their mothers where he observed them making repetive ‘hand-washing’ motions. He later compared with his clinical and development histories and discovered there were more girls with similar symptoms. In 1966 Dr Rett published his findings in several German medical journals which at the time it was well known to that part of the world however it remained in the backwaters of medical concern to the rest of the world even after he has published the disease in English in 1977 due to lack of electronic informations were rarely available. A break through in 1983 as an artical on Rett syndrome appeared in the mainstream of english journal finally raised the profile of Rett Syndrome and put it on the radar screen of many more investigators-this finally a break through and recognised this syndrome, it was therefore named after the doctor whom first discovered and named Rett syndrome. Rett syndrome often misdiagnosed with autism, it is a unique developmental disorder that is first recognized in infancy and almost exclusively in females although it can occur rarely in boys. It is found in all racial and ethnic groups throughout the world. It occurs worldwide in 1 of every 10,000 to 23,000 females births. Rett syndrome is not a degenerative disorder, but rather is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Barring illness or complications...
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...Globalization and Standard of Living Globalization is generally described as the integration of each region of the world through the means of communication, transportation, and trade. It has becomes a symbol of the development of the world as well as a process of taking people’s lives to a new era. In various fields, globalization has brought positive changes to the world, such as in finance, medical knowledge, cultural exchange, and technology. These improvements have enlarged the human scope of knowledge, and in turn increased people’s living standard. People’s ability to satisfy themselves in their lifetime is defined as the standard of living. The measurement of it depends on human beings’ income growth, educational standard, life expectancy and some other aspects. As time goes by, globalization has embedded itself deeply into various communities and played an important role in affecting the quality of their lives. Concepts such as the growth of GDP, income per person, mortality rate, and higher education are all connected to globalization and life satisfaction. Therefore, with the onset of globalization, it is proven that the standard of living has consistently been improved in the majority of countries in this world through economic, biological, and educational means. The question then becomes: “how does one measure standard of living?” According to McGillivray and Noorbakhsh, “empirical research has proposed a number of composite indexes intended to measure multi-dimensional...
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...of the world’s population, India is toady the second largest populations’ country in the world. As on March 1.1991, when the last census was conducted, the country’s population stood at 846.30 million, with 439.23 males and 407.07 females. The country’s population is currently estimated at about 950 millions. The population growth has been extremely rapid in the last 50 years. The phenomenal growth is now more appropriately termed as “population explosion”. The phenomenal growth rate in population is largely because of the industrial and technological revolutions that had taken place in the recent times. The new technologies have not only brought down the death rate because of the vastly improved Medicare resulting in increased life expectancies, but had also facilitated increased food production to take care of food needs of the increasing population. Though population explosion is a major problem being faced by several other countries too, with the world population estimated to reach 7 billion by the beginning of the 21st century, the problem is much more severe in India because of the increasing pressure on the limited resources of the country. With the growth of food grains not keeping pace with the increase in population during some years because of the unfavourable weather conditions, the specter of hunger hunts millions of households in the country. Even when the country is fortunate enough to have a bumper crop, these hungry households do not have the economic strength...
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...Asses the reasons for and the effects of changes in the family size over the past 100 years Over the past century or so there have been various changes to family size in UK due to many reasons. Geographical factors such as immigration and emigration has widely affected the family size in the UK. Statistics show that between 1994 and 2004 immigration rose from 314 to 582,000 annually. However there have also been many social factors involved in the increase of family size over the past century which will be examined below. One of the main reasons of changes in family size is ageism. The average life expectancy of a person has increased by about 2 years per decade as males born in 1900 in England were expected to live to about 50 whereas males born in England in 2003-2005 are expected to live to about 76.9 years old. The average age of the UK population is rising, in 1971 it stood at 34.1 but by 2007 it climbed to 42.6. This is end means that there are fewer young people and the elderly are living longer. Reasons such as medical and health improvements have contributed to the elderly now being able to live for longer. After the establishment of the NHS in 1949 there was a widespread of better health and nutrition, medical knowledge and better sanitation. Thomas McKeown argues that improved nutrition accounted up to half the reduction in death rates thus increasing family size as fewer deaths occurred. Also the decline in infant mortality has contributed towards the ageing population...
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...Relationship of GNP and Living Standard Phuong Le SUNY Morrisville State College Project 2- Part 2 Part I: Description of the data set: I collected data from Journal of Statistics Education (JSE). Its original data set which is named “The Statistics of Poverty and Inequality” includes birth rates, death rates, infant death rates, life expectancies for males and females, and Gross National Product for 97 countries in the world divided into 6 groups (97 observations, 8 variables total.) However, I just took 6 variables: infant death rates, life expectancies for males and females, Gross National Product, country and country groups. Variables Descriptions: * Country: 30 countries were taken randomly. * Country groups: divided into 6 groups 1= Eastern Europe 2=South America and Mexico 3=Western Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, New Zealand 4=Middle East 5=Asia 6=Africa * Infant deaths per 1000 of population under 1 year old * Life expectancy at birth for males * Life expectancy at birth for females * Gross National Product per capital in US. Dollars Part II: Description of Statistical Analysis: * Descriptive: Numerical, tabular and graphical * Inferential: Sample Part III: Description and Interpretation of the RESULTS: 1. Gross National Product per capital in US. Dollars: Groups | Gross National Product | 1 | 12132 | 2 | 12110 | 3 | 108290 | 4 | 8548 | 5 | 12030 | 6 | 1430 | Total | 154540 | ...
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...can now be in constant communication. The health industry is making effective use of modern technology, enabling people everywhere to live longer, and healthier lives. Many schools are integrating aspects of modern technology into the classroom. Teachers today have new tools and methods at their disposal, to pass knowledge to students. As a child, I took computers for granted, and could hardly imagine the thought of living without them. This makes me question how the advancement of modern technology could be shaping our lives in many ways for the better, or worse. In 1950, the average life expectancy of a man living in the United States was almost seventy. For the last sixty years that number has increased steadily. A man born in 2014, in the United States, would have a life expectancy of almost eighty years. Many factors likely contributed to the increase in life expectancy. Most pivital, were the advancements made in the study of medicinal technology. Doctors now have access to technology that would have seemed like fantasy, a few years ago. Machines like an x-ray can now look into our bodies, and capture images with great detail. The images can then analyzed by a doctor, and if necessary, immediate action can be taken. As a result of the great deal of information available to doctors today, the need for exploratory surgeries has diminished. Medical professionals can now more easily see the internal structures of our bodies, and react accordingly to issues. Another...
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