...Opportunity), maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. Page 2 1 Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2014 Syllabus 9699 Paper 33 (a) Explain how the achievement of pupils may be influenced by pupil sub-cultures. [9] 0–4 A few general observations about pupils’ educational achievement, with no direct links to the question, would be worth 1 or 2 marks. A basic account of what is meant by pupil sub-culture, with no further development in relation to the question, would be placed in the higher part of the band. 5–9 Lower in the band, answers are likely to provide a basic account of how achievement at school may be influenced by pupil sub-cultures. An account of this kind might focus on explaining just one link between pupil sub-culture...
Words: 3917 - Pages: 16
...to have throughout adulthood. Answer: A 2. Sex play that is innocuous during childhood is no longer innocuous during adolescence because: A. children report erotic feelings before puberty. B. the hormonal changes of puberty result in an increased sex drive in adolescence. C. children are not capable of kissing, petting, masturbating, or sexual intercourse before puberty. D. with puberty, pregnancy becomes a serious possibility. Answer: D 3. Which of the following is not considered an aspect of positive sexual development that adolescents face? A. becoming comfortable with one’s maturing body B. reconciling feelings of sexual arousal with one’s religious beliefs C. feeling comfortable in choosing to engage or not to engage in sexual activity D. understanding and practicing safe sex Answer: B 4. “Sexual socialization” refers to: A. a person’s sexual orientation. B. a person’s social skills in sexual relationships. C. the way in which an individual is educated about sexuality. D. the degree to which an individual is comfortable with his or her sexuality. Answer: C 5. On Steve’s 13th birthday, his father wants to educate him about sex, so they sit down to have a “man to man” talk about the “birds and the bees.” This process is called: A. sociosexual preparation. B. sexual socialization. C. permissive communication. D. human ecology....
Words: 7362 - Pages: 30
...specification: The relationship between religious beliefs and social change and stability * Functionalism: conservative force, inhibition of change, collective conscience, Durkheim and totemism, anomie; civil religions * Marxism: religion as ideology, legitimating social inequality, disguising exploitation etc * Weber: religion as a force for social change: theodicies, the Protestant ethic * Neo-Marxism: religion used by those opposing the ruling class, liberation theology * Feminism: religious beliefs supporting patriarchy * Fundamentalist beliefs: rejecting change by reverting to supposed traditional values and practices. Religious organisations, including cults, sects, denominations, churches and New Age movements, and their relationship to religious and spiritual belief and practice * Typologies of religious organisations: churches, denominations, sects and cults, with examples of each New Religious Movements and typologies of NRMs eg world rejecting/accommodating/affirming; millenarian beliefs, with examples of each * New Age movements and spirituality, with examples * The relationship of these organisations to religious and spiritual belief and practice. The relationship between different social groups and religious/spiritual organisations and movements, beliefs and practices * Reasons why people join NRMs, NAMs and other organisations * Gender and religion: women: women’s greater participation, women in religious organisations including NRMs;...
Words: 23270 - Pages: 94
...relationship between religious beliefs and social change and stability * Functionalism: conservative force, inhibition of change, collective conscience, Durkheim and totemism, anomie; civil religions * Marxism: religion as ideology, legitimating social inequality, disguising exploitation etc * Weber: religion as a force for social change: theodicies, the Protestant ethic * Neo-Marxism: religion used by those opposing the ruling class, liberation theology * Feminism: religious beliefs supporting patriarchy * Fundamentalist beliefs: rejecting change by reverting to supposed traditional values and practices. Religious organisations, including cults, sects, denominations, churches and New Age movements, and their relationship to religious and spiritual belief and practice * Typologies of religious organisations: churches, denominations, sects and cults, with examples of each New Religious Movements and typologies of NRMs eg world rejecting/accommodating/affirming; millenarian beliefs, with examples of each * New Age movements and spirituality, with examples * The relationship of these organisations to religious and spiritual belief and practice. The relationship between different social groups and religious/spiritual organisations and movements, beliefs and practices * Reasons why people join NRMs, NAMs and other organisations * Gender and religion: women: women’s greater participation, women in religious organisations including...
Words: 23270 - Pages: 94
...week, an entry was “all but one”. It has been assumed that 21 meals will be consumed on a weekly basis, and the data has been changed to 20. **The calculation with statements are computed as follows (using youngest – 5b answer as a sample) The statement are assigned values from 0 – 3 (note that regardless of the numebr of statement, the rating always starts at 0) . 0 represents the least affirmative response (I do not believe in God), while 3 represents the most affirmative response (I storngly believe in God). The numerical represents the assignment of values, and the weighted value is the product of numerical and # of people. The sum of weighted value is provided after Total, and the AVERAGE is obtained by dividing 117 with the number of count. Statement Numerical # of people Weighted Value 1 3 27 81 73 Count 2 2 12 24 3 1 12 12 4 0 22 0 AVERAGE Total 117 1.602739726 1. You need to compare the responses for the three different targets. The best way to compare groups of responses is to calculate the average for your class’s data for each of the targets, and then compare the averages between the three different targets. You do not need to calculate statistical tests, but you should discuss whether the averages appear different. a. Are there generational differences in terms of the amount of TV that people watch, the amount of fun time they spend on the computer, or the amount of total...
Words: 2469 - Pages: 10
...HOW DO CULTURE AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECT THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF A COMMUNITY? * HOW DO CULTURE AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECT THE LEADERSHIP OF A COMMUNITY? * WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS THAT A COMMUNITY BUILDER CAN USE TO LEARN ABOUT THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF A GROUP AND TO IDENTIFY AND ENGAGE ITS LEADERS? * WHAT ARE SOME OF THE COMMON CHALLENGES THAT A COMMUNITY BUILDER MIGHT FACE WHEN WORKING IN A DIVERSE COMMUNITY? In order to work effectively in a culturally and ethnically diverse community, a community builder needs to first understand how each racial and ethnic group in that community is organized in order to support its members. It is not uncommon to hear a community leader, a funder, a political representative, or a service provider say, "We were not able to engage that group over there because they are not organized. They have no leaders. We need to organize them first." This statement is not always accurate; most groups have their own network of relationships and hierarchy of leaders that they tap into for mutual support. These networks or leaders may not be housed in a physical location or building that is obvious to people outside of the group. They may not even have a label or a title. There is an unspoken understanding in some groups about when and whom they should turn to among their members for advice, guidance, and blessing. Once a community builder understands the social organization of the group, it will become easier to...
Words: 5041 - Pages: 21
...Marx, Durkheim, and Weber - A Contrast of Philosophies on the Sociological Benefits of Religion ABSTRACT Throughout the history of the study of sociology, philosophers and sociologists have been attempting to explain the true nature and origin of Religion as a social concept. In this paper, we look at the works of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber and their analyses of the origins of Religion and how society has impacted and shaped the concept of a religious life. Where Marx looked at religion and its exercise as a major aspect of the bourgeoisie class, Durkheim approaches from a purely scientific stance. Weber, however, approaches the sociology of religion from a more holistic viewpoint, discussing the soul, the mysticism and cosmology of religion, and the innate germ of religiosity within the human being just waiting to be activated. The Sociology of Religion encompasses so very much of an individual's existence that it becomes difficult to separate it from other aspects of life. This is exemplified most easily in the writings of Karl Marx who, as a communist, believed in an agrarian society where all individuals were equal and a panacea-type existence derived only from the need of one to another was lived. In Marx's "Communist Manifesto", he talked about how he believed that religion was something of the bourgeoisie who felt themselves elevated above all others in society. While Marx utilized the term "bourgeoisie" to mean the upper class and all capitalists...
Words: 2014 - Pages: 9
...A2 Sociology ASSESSMENT PACK 2015-16 A2 Level Sociology Student Tracking Sheet | |Current Grade |Target Grade |Lates |Attendance | |September | | | | | |November | | | | | |January | | | | | |March | | | | | |May | | | | | | |Families |Education | |UMS | | | |Grade | | | | |Handed in on |Mark |Grade |What is the target for my next piece of work? |Above/ On/ Under Target | |Assessment/Homework |time...
Words: 9631 - Pages: 39
...from both the psychoanalytic approach and behaviorism in that it does not view humans as being controlled by either event in the environment or by internal, irrational, and unconscious forces. Humanist psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987), de-emphasize the influence of both stimulus-response events and unconscious processes in determining human behavior. Instead, they emphasize the role of free chance and our ability to make conscious rational choices about how we live our lives. Humanists also believe that people have a natural inclination to strive to fulfill their potential, a process called self-actualization. Although many of humanism’s major tenets are just as difficult to rest objectively as are the concepts of psychoanalysis, many psychologists respond favorably to this movement’s optimism. Humanism has increased psychologists’ awareness of the importance of such things as love, feeling needed, personal fulfillment and self-esteem. Behavior Brady, et. al. (1963) said that behavior about past performances is verbal responses which are based on past behavior. The discriminative stimulus is an item of the individual’s past performance, and verbal response is reinforced if it is of the same form as a response which would have been emitted by a direct observer of the behavior in question. The community encourages this behavior...
Words: 6126 - Pages: 25
...do not have to visualize the disparity that is pictured above. This is because inequity is one of the most demoralizing social issues that plague America today. The worst thing about inequity is the fact that it continues to disproportionately burden individuals who are categorize as being minority in today’s society. This is especially true for the American Indian/Alaska Native population. This population continues to be one of the most vulnerable minority groups. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 (2011), “American Indian or Alaska Native refer to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central American) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment” (Humes, Jones, & Ramirez, 2011, p. 3). 2,475,956 out of 308, 745,538 people that live in America are believed to be American Indian/Alaska Native, including those who report affiliations with tribes and South and Central American Indian groups (Humes et. al,, 2011, p. 4). This number is questionable because of the controversy about American Indian/Alaska Native citizenship, which will be explained in the latter part of this paper. As social workers, it is important to be knowledgeable about the American Indian/Alaska Native population. Thoroughly examining the origins and history of oppression that this group has, and continues to, endure is one of the best ways to learn...
Words: 5989 - Pages: 24
...Int. J. of Human Resource Management 18:1 January 2007 147– 158 HRM practices in Egypt: the influence of national context? Mike Leat and Ghada El-Kot Abstract In this paper we present the findings of a study which collected data on a range of HRM practices normally used in 58 Egyptian organizations operating in Egypt. The range of practices is concerned with job descriptions, recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation, performance appraisal and employment security. We examine and discuss these practices in the Egyptian context. The dimensions of the Egyptian environment which we examine include: the socio-cultural context, Islam, the vocational education and training system and elements of the economic and legal environment. The practices and approaches being used by the sample organizations appear to be the product of both culture bound and culture free influences. The main contributions of the study are that it provides much needed information on the HRM practices and approaches being adopted by Egyptian-owned organizations in the early part of the 21st century and provides support for the influence of national context on the HRM practices pursued by indigenous organizations. Keywords Egypt; HRM practices; Islam; institutional context; culture. Introduction: HRM practices and national context Against a background of the increasing internationalization of business, globalization of markets and cross-national activity by multinational...
Words: 6607 - Pages: 27
...DEFINATION OF TERMS: Sociology; Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and human association and results of social activities. Sociologists are concerned with; • the study of social behavior • relationship among social groups and societies • the maintenance of stability and order PURPOSE OF SOCIOLOGY Sociologists develop knowledge on people and on their behaviors and activities in order to better understand societal interactions. Sociologists study the social systems (family, school, church, economy, political, etc) in which individuals fill their roles, people in relation to others. IS SOCIOLOGY A SCIENCE? Sociology is a science, but it is considered a "soft" science, along with psychology. A soft science is anything that is based more on the judgment of the professional than actual facts. Hard sciences are things like nuclear physics and maths. Elements of scientific study of society. • The use of theories in explaining Social phenomenon and human behavior • Conducting of social researches which involves systematic/scientific methods • Analyzing of societal issues using scientific approaches Furthermore using the positivist approach adopted by Marx and Engels enables the establishment of laws of human behavior in the same way natural scientists have established laws of the natural world. Their approach to dialectics was a development of the philosophical theory of Hegel, (1877). ...
Words: 6282 - Pages: 26
...Two of the main factors influencing juvenile delinquency are the family structure that a child is exposed to (Apel & Kaukinen, 2008; Price & Kunz, 2003) and the relationships adolescents have with parents (Leiber, Mack, & Featherstone, 2009; Petts, 2009). As with patterns of juvenile delinquency, family structure in the United States has also changed dramatically over the last century, becoming very diverse in today’s society (Kierkus, Johnson, & Hewitt, 2010). Adolescents of all ages are living in many various types of homes, such as with single, married, and cohabiting parents. The families that children grow up in and the social environment in which they live can have major effects on their well-being (Wallman, 2010). In general, children...
Words: 1579 - Pages: 7
...Intro To Sociology Unit one- -Sociology is the scientific study of social relations, behaviors, and arrangements. Sociology is one of the social sciences -Socialization is a life-long learning process, which inc. the process by which infants become adults -Auguste Comte was the first person to use the term sociology in 1838, He was a French Philosopher -The early sociologist were concerned with the study of moral statistic, and the first among these was Suicide rates -Emile Durkheim studied the relationship between suicide and social forces, he held that behavior should not be considered an individualistic matter, but in a broader social context. He argued that there is a link between the degree of social integration and suicide. He believed the greater the autonomy or Independence of a category of people, the higher the suicide rate. He came up with the term Anomie, which is a floundering, or loss of purpose and direction people experience during periods of extreme social change. -Max Weber's theory was that social behavior can only be understood when the meanings of the people's actions are known, it is necessary to understand the attitudes, feelings, and beliefs. He called this Verstehen, a German word for understanding. -Karl Marx focused on the struggle between social classes of people. Marx called owners of the means of production the bourgeoisie and the non-owners the proletariat. Marx believed that a social class was determined...
Words: 20445 - Pages: 82
...or both sexes Gender is a set of social and cultural practices that both reflect and reinforce assumptions about differences between men and women Major sociological emphasis - 3 Points 1. Gender is a social institution. Like family and religion it affects the roles men and women play in society 2. Gender influences differences in “Power” – “Power to” (get jobs, earn, get education) – “Power over” (assert will against others) 3. Gender is a cultural construct, expectations for men and women vary widely II. Sex Role Expectations A. Men -Independent -Aggressive -Sex Initiators -Career Focus -Suppress Emotions -Success = Achievements B. Women -Nurturing/Friendly --Self-Conscious about Appearance -Social Poise -Passive -Submissive -Focus on Marriage and Children -Success = Relationships Athletic ability: • Men have greater upper body strength but, athletic ability, strength and endurance are largely of function of physical activity, training, genes and hormones Intelligence: • Recent studies contradict stereotypes. Differences in math, verbal and mechanical test scores are very small • Many studies show greater variation within sexes than between Stereotyping • Studies tend to emphasize the differences rather than the similarities When differences are found, people tend to assume that all men or women are superior in a given category • Cultures reinforce stereotyping Cultural Influences -All pre-industrial societies divide labor based on sex ...
Words: 1605 - Pages: 7