...Professional Application Paper Ms. Presley Psy1010 Rebekah Griggs Effects of Autism Disorder on Children What is Autism? Autism can be defined as a disorder of neural development which is characterized by an impaired communication and social interaction as well as by restricted and repetitive behavior. These traits are manifest in a child before he/she is three years old. Autism affects the processing of information in the brain through altering how the nerve cells and their synapses do connect as well as how they organize: the explanation of how this process takes place is not fully understood. There are two other autism spectrum disorders are PDD-NOS which is diagnosed when the full criteria for the other disorders fails to be met and Asperger syndrome which lacks delays in the cognitive development. Scientists have argued that Autism has a strong genetic basis, even though autism genetics are complex and unclear if ASD has any correlation when explaining by the use of basic genetic variant or by the use of rare mutations. In some rare cases autism can be associated to some agents that cause birth defects. There are controversies that surround some other proposed environmental causes such as pesticides, childhood vaccines, and heavy metals. The hypotheses on vaccine have lacked biological plausibility or scientific evidence. The prevalence of ASD is 6 per every 1000 people, with 25% increase in men than in female; on the other hand autism prevalence is about 1...
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...Running head: COMPLETING THE PUZZLE Completing the Puzzle of Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as Autism is a neurological disorder that affects the normal brain function. It is a disorder characterized by deficits in three major areas of behavior-social, communicative and the display of repetitive or restricted behaviors. This research paper will provide a review of people with autism spectrum disorders, including the symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and possible causes. In addition, it will describe with how it has impacted the society, families and themselves. Completing the Puzzle of Autism Spectrum Disorder Can you imagine trying to understand what your parents or peers are saying but you don’t really know what the words mean? Sometimes this can make a child very upset and frustrated just because they can’t come up with the right words to express his or her feelings or thoughts. These kids with special needs try to live their lives by learning to handle stuff that are challenging and annoying for them. People with autism can make a significant contribution to society, as well as to their families. However, having autism is generally difficult for the person themselves and their family, it also involves great financial sacrifice. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as “Autism” is a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal...
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...Woolley Term Paper Autism: Playing a Part in the Juvenile Justice System When examining the juvenile justice system, a key factor that needs to be addressed in society today must include the aspect of juveniles with Autism. Up until ten years or so ago the concept of autism was basically unknown and non-factor in dealing juveniles. Research now shows that in Utah alone one in every forty-seven children born is born with some form of Autism. ( http://www.stellamarie.com/index.php/2010/06/24/autism-rates-per-state) Having this information we now must examine what part Autism plays with juveniles, our role in addressing the issues, and ways that we can protect and educate society on this very important epidemic issue. In this article I will address three key issues on Autism; facts and identification of autism, case research in the juvenile system, and education for first responders. This topic touches the lives of so many families, including mine. For this reason we must do our part to aid in the awareness of its debilitating effects and find ways to keep these very special kids out of the juvenile justice system and with their families, where they belong. Before we can understand why there are so many children in the juvenile justice system, with this disability, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease itself. In an article titled, “Effects of Autism on Communication” (Edelson), he writes, “Speech development in people with autism takes different...
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...flexibility. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that various regions of the human brain undergo development during adolescence and beyond. Some of the brain regions that undergo particularly protracted development are involved in social cognitive function in adults. In the first section of this paper, I briefly describe evidence for a circumscribed network of brain regions involved in understanding other people. Next, I describe evidence that some of these brain regions undergo structural development during adolescence. Finally, I discuss recent studies that have investigated social cognitive development during adolescence. The first time Uta Frith made an impression on me was when I was 15. That year I was given a copy of her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma (U. Frith, 1989), which had recently been published. I knew nothing about autism and found Uta’s book captivating. It inspired me to write to its author and ask if I could do a week’s work experience in her lab. With characteristic generosity, Uta agreed. So in the summer of 1990, I spent a week in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognitive Development Unit, where I observed children with autism being tested on the Sally Anne task, and joined in when Uta’s group were generating spoonerisms like Dob Bylan and Himi Jendrix. At the time, I didn’t quite...
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...PSYB4 Past Paper Questions Listed below are all of the available past paper questions for the Debates section of your PSYB4 examination. The specimen paper below is representative of what your actual paper will look like (2 x 4 mark questions and 1 x 12 mark essay question. Older papers (June 2006-June 2009) used to have Psychology and Science as a separate section so there are a lot of past paper questions on this particular debate. Now they are combined and you would be asked a mixture of questions from across different debates. Print off the copy of this document without the answers and use this to mark them and give yourselves targets for improvement. Specimen Paper Outline what is meant by hypothesis testing and explain the role of hypothesis testing in scientific research. (4 marks) [AO3 = 4] Up to 2 marks for definition/outline of what is meant by hypothesis testing, eg a hypothesis is a testable, predictive statement/proposition specifying the relationships between events or variables. Two further marks for explanation of the role of hypothesis testing in research, eg theories need to be tested by empirical studies, hypothesis testing allows researchers to refute or support a theory, the degree of support determines confidence in a theory. Credit references to the null hypothesis and falsification of a theory 0 8 Explain what is meant by the nature-nurture debate in psychology. (4 marks) [AOl = 2, AO2 = 2] AOl One mark for outlining the term nature;...
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...General Psychology is a survey of the major psychological topics, theories, and approaches to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. B. This course satisfies three semester hours of the Social/Behavioral Science for the Associate of Science and Associate of Arts degrees. Please check your degree plan to determine the status of this course in your program of study. C. Through this course, students will prepare for contemporary challenges by developing and demonstrating critical thinking skills, communication skills, social responsibility, and empirical and quantitative skills. D. Prerequisites(s): None II. Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: A. Identify various research methods and their characteristics used in the scientific study of psychology. B. Describe the historical influences and early schools of thought that shaped the field of psychology. C. Describe some of the prominent perspectives and approaches used in the study of psychology. D. Use terminology unique to the study of psychology. E. Describe accepted approaches and standards in psychological assessment and evaluation. F. Identify factors in physiological and psychological processes involved in human behavior. III. Instructional Materials The instructional material identified for this course is viewable from www.ctcd.edu/books IV. Course Requirements Updated June 2015 Class Performance: Your instructor will summarize and...
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...scored at or above proficient on a national assessment of mathematical proficiency” (Cole & Wasburn Moses, 2010). The deficit of scores in math, for students with disabilities is caused by many reasons which include: reading, language, vocabulary, understanding, the transfer of information, and a lack of design in the curriculum. Students with disabilities struggle with math because they have difficulty reading texts, short term memories, and understanding the language within the problem. When they look at a typical word problem, students don’t just see numbers, they see lines of information they can’t decipher or translate. They also have a difficult time determining what information is relevant to answer the problem. In the journal Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities by Copeland & Cosbey it states that students with special needs have a difficult time with the “skills needed to complete activities composed of multiple components” (Copeland &...
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...between the music therapist and the patient. The music therapist relies on family members who know the patient well enough to convey to the music therapist the genre of music the patient is most interested in. Chavin conducted experiments with a couple of patients that had Dementia or Alzheimer’s. During these experiments after Chavin had retrieved the patient’s preferred music genre she began to research music from the patients past preferably within the patient’s childhood or early adulthood. From there Chavin introduced the preferred genre to the patients and began the music therapy sessions. During the music therapy sessions with one patient, Chavin used music as a form of communication with one of the patients who wouldn’t respond to words but showed signs of happiness and enjoyment during music therapy sessions. Meanwhile in another session Chavin helped strengthen communication between a mother and daughter who were lacking a common topic to converse about but managed to find a similar music genre that was revealed to within...
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...Should Vaccines Be Required for Children? Terry J. Vervenne DeVry University Should Vaccines Be Required for Children? Shots, inoculations, vaccines, do children need them? This is the issue that needs to be discussed. Why are vaccines a necessity of current times? Even though vaccines may have some side effects, they have saved many lives as everyone already knows. They prevent many types of diseases and stop the spread of others. Just image having to send your children to school that’s filled with other children carrying diseases and viruses. Viruses such as small pox, measles, and mumps that could invade your child’s body which in most circumstances will then be brought home and spread to other family members. Therefore, every child in America needs to be vaccinated before beginning school because vaccines can prevent disease, save lives, and alleviate sick days at school. Firstly, many of these contagious diseases in children are preventable. Many of the viruses that cause diseases such as measles, mumps, or small pox are very dangerous. Sometimes the symptoms are very mild or not even noticed. While other times the symptoms can be severe, possibly even leaving a residual effect. For example, as everyone knows, if an adult male contracts mumps, this may cause sterility. Another example is polio, although preventable, once this disease is contracted it can lead to permanent muscle weakness. Once someone contracts one of these types of disease, it can possibly be fatal...
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...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Janelle Gunnels Psy/340 April 25, 2013 Ioannis Papazafiropoulos Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Team B presented a presentation explaining the genetics, brain structure, and behavior of individuals suffering Bipolar illness. This paper will evaluate their presentation and explain bipolar illness, explain the neurological damage or changes to the brain as a result of the illness, and also an explanation of the behavioral or functional changes that can occur as a result of the illness. I will touch bases on the following: • A description of the suspected or known causes of the illness • A discussion of current treatments or therapies and future research for the prevention or cure of the illness • The role of genetics on the onset of the illness • The visual appeal of the presentation • The overall organization of the information presented What is Bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness which is also commonly known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder which causes abnormal changes in mood, energy and activity. This disorder interferes with one’s ability to handle everyday task. The symptoms and effects are extreme as this is considered a long term illness. Bipolar Disorder normally appears in an individual...
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...Down syndrome: Observing Shannon Submitted by: Alfonse Bowman Arcadia University ED 584: Supporting Students with Low Incidence Disabilities Professor Hopkins Fall 2013 Introduction For our final paper I chose to research trisomy 21 or as it is known clinically, Down syndrome (DS). The primary reason I chose this low incidence disability is because I will make the transition from a regular education teacher to a special education teacher in the spring and I am already familiar with other low incidence disabilities. I realize that with my new role in a self-contained classroom it is important for me to understand the term Down syndrome and then see how the definition and behavioral traits impact the student, the teacher and the other students in an educational setting. This research paper will provide clinical and anecdotal information on DS with real-life observation of a student with Down syndrome. History of Disorder According to the National Down Syndrome Society (2013), during the early nineteenth century, John Langdon Down, an English physician, published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. It was this scholarly wok, published in 1866, that earned Down the recognition as the “father” of the syndrome. Although other people had previously recognized the characteristics of the syndrome, it was Down who described the condition as a distinct and separate entity. The United States Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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...movements become a myriad.[Lewandowsky et al. 2013] Decision making becomes a weak thing to do because by looking at both ends, things seem to parallel each other. There those who believe in an unquestionable trust in political figures, doctors and other medical professionals. Other parents seem to look at homeopathy, nature and metaphysical tendencies to resolve their medical dilemma as regards to the vaccine.[Huntley and Peeters, 2010; Battles, 2008]. It is at this point that Lewandowski et al. [2013] and his believed that with an increase in knowledge the worldview polarization of science also doubled. Apparently, these issues are evident to point out to the fact that anti-vaccine attitudes are predicted by them. But there is very limited research in place, to depict the underlying factor beneath these forms of psychosocial behaviors against vaccines. The notion of worldview approach to anti-vaccine over vaccines is a current one and stems from paranormal, spiritual, and conspiracy beliefs over the vaccines. These non-evidence ways of life seem to reach out to the attitudes parents depict over vaccines for such a long time.[Jolley and Douglas, 2014; Goertzel, 1994] There those, who see that vaccines are unsafe, impure according to God’s purpose of creation [O’shea, 2001] and even with governments like the Australian taking the Slovakian approach [Kasarda ,2013; Behrmann2010 ],...
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...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
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...Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment When diagnosing a child’s learning difficulties the IQ test and other forms of Psychometric Assessment continue to be used across the UK and elsewhere as an indication of a child's ‘intelligence’ and continue to be a key factor in special school placement. Colin Newton Inclusive Educational Psychologist Co Founder Inclusive Solutions December 2009 We have to provide an IQ score so that the CAHMS team can allocate their resources. They keep asking us.... (Principal Educational Psychologist - 2008- Unnamed UK Local Authority) How sad that what follows still needs to be written in 2008! Perhaps we all need a little reminder... The story so far... Intelligence testing began in earnest in France, when in 1904 psychologist Alfred Binet was commissioned by the French government to find a method to differentiate between children who were ‘intellectually normal and those who were inferior’. The purpose was to put the latter into special schools where they would receive more individual attention. In this way the disruption they caused in the education of intellectually normal children could be avoided. Sound a familiar argument? Such thinking was a natural development from Darwinism and the Eugenics movement that dates back to Sir Francis Galton in 1869 that famous scientific polymath who promoted the idea that for society to prosper the ‘weakest’ should not be allowed...
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