...utilized so that time and energy is not wasted. PROCEDURE OF MATERIAL RECEIVING: The necessary raw and packing materials as required by the production plan are then purchased. The purchased stock is then received from the various suppliers at the factory store that is also called Raw Material Store (RMS). All incoming materials are checked for quality in Quality Assurance Department. The store is responsible for issuing materials for the production process according to the planned requirements. It is only at this point that biscuits start to be made. After approval, incoming material is stored in raw material store and packaging material store, where sensitive items such as butter, color, flavors are stored in cold rooms. In rest of the cases Quality assurance performs testing after material is stored in relevant store and then accepts/rejects the material. PRODUCTION PROCESS: Information for daily production plan is supplied by marketing and sale department on the basis of customer demand. Keeping in view these factors, production plan is made. The whole production process consists of 5 different stages which are as follows: 1. MIXING The mixing stages are of great importance in biscuit-making technology, as a good process starts from the head of the line. Flour and sugar is dispensed into large mixers. The ingredients that are used in smaller quantities are hand weighted and added into the mixing bowl for each batch of dough to be mixed. The ingredients are then...
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...manufacturing flow. The EMS is a tough business that is driven by thin profit margins. EMS manufacturers rely on leveraging huge economies of scale and purchasing power. These companies focus on return on invested capital (ROIC) as a key metric because it provides a sense of how well a company is utilizing its resources to generate returns. FdM's success relies on how well it can optimize its floor space utilization while increasing capacity. In our case analysis we will examine each of the four different organizations of machinery assuming that the optimal level of production was achieved by introducing the U-shaped cell. Case Analysis: The initial design that was implemented (long conveyor-paced straight line) required having 24 operators assigned per line with a Takt time of 15 seconds. The actual output of acceptable units was 135-138 pieces per hour totaling 1080-1104 per eight-hour shift. This is below design capacity with only 56.25-57.5% utilization. Reasons for inefficiency include: * Periodic maintenance of the conveyor belt, defected products and breaks for operators * Conveyor-pace lines have an even rate of movement, therefore, if some workstations are faster or slower in completing their task in the allowed 15 seconds Takt time, a lag of the whole assembly process of the product is created. The second design (long manually paced line) required 22 workers with 15 seconds Takt time. While the efficiency increased the output rate remained constant at 1104 units...
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...Case 1 How FedEx Works: Enterprise Systems 1. FedEx uses many businesses processes when shipping an item. First they arrive to pick up the package, upon arrival they scan the package so they know it is now in their possession and it is able to be tracked. This is part of a manufacturing and production process, as well as a sales and marketing process. It is a manufacturing and production process because it starts the initial travel or shipping of the package to its destination. Sales and marketing is used through customer service by getting someone to use FedEx (generating an order) and by the convenience of having the package picked up from the customers door step. Once the package is picked up it is taken to a hub or sorting center. At the sorting center the package is put on a conveyer belt that sorts through the packages and sends them to their destination. While on the conveyer belt the packages are scanned by invisible laser beams which weigh each box and measure the size. The length, width, & height are measured and together they produce the volume of the package, this tells FedEx how much to charge the customer for shipping. This particular example is in the financing and accounting category of a business process. The packages are then pushed by a diverter to the appropriate slide; there are nine of these slides or chutes all of which represent a different location in the U.S. The packages that are unable to be read are sorted manually. They are then put in a...
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...when arriving at the site was, a numerous amount of machinery moving from different directions each carrying well-wrapped pallets of products. Our first stop was the inbound dock, the area where the company receives all new products for the dry department before they are placed into storage sections. The company also has a freezer, produce, and perishable departments. The process in the dry department seems to move faster because, this section of the warehouse is equipped with a witron’s OrderPicking Machinery; a highly automated system for selecting and palletizing cartons. Once products arrive, the receiving clerks process each product by comparing the quantity received versus the amount requested, register the expiration date for each case, assign a storage location, then assign barcode numbers to help track products once in the storage area. There is a large variety of products such as soft drinks, napkins, detergent, and others. There is no customization performed here because it is not a manufacturing operation but rather a distribution operation. Everything you find in a grocery store comes from distribution centers such as US Foods, Supervalu, and others. During the visit, I was able to see the company receive truckloads of cereal and...
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...that is suitable, and will end in a positive outcome. Lastly, our system will have very positive outcomes such as natural fertilizers and energy. With our vermicomposting plants food scraps will be turned into natural fertilizers, which will sell to farmers for money. With our plasma gasification cells we will bun and take apart metals to their atoms. making a gas that can be turned into energy and fed back into the power grid. This energy will be very helpful, so we can have one other reliable power source in case of other power failures. Our waste management system will have a very effective ending which we can use in nature and with power; however, we do need different technology in order to achieve this. We have a very complex and advanced way to get rid of trash, so we have a very complex infrastructure to keep it running. In the first stage of our solution, we need hydrogen trucks to pick up the trash. In the next stage, we need large magnets, a conveyer belt, and fans to separate the trash. In the third stage, we need a plasma gasifier to get rid of the trash. In the final stage, we need wires and backup generators to provide energy to our city using the gas the gasifier produces. Our solution is clean because it produces no emissions because the gasifying happens in a zero-oxygen room. It is energy efficient because it powers itself and the whole city. Finally it is environmentally sound because it happens underground and in a air-tight chamber so it doesn’t pollute...
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...in the early 1900’s. The product that it first helped was the car a Ford Model T. Henry Ford and many other individual’s whom were involved in Ford, came up with the idea of the assembly line in the years between 1908 and 1915 and consequently made the assembly line famous in the following decade for mass production throughout the world. They based their idea on how a slaughterhouse was run, with a conveyer belt moving animals while they were being butchered. The process of the Ford Assembly Line is as follows parts are added to the product in this case the Ford Model T, in an organised manner (for example engine first, then hood, and then the wheels) in which creates the car in a much faster fashion than if it was done by having the car in one spot and waiting till one aspect of the car was done to do the next one. Having people ready at each individual station waiting for the next car to be moved to them too add whatever is needed from the station that they are working at. No heavy lifting done with cars being moved along. Car pieces moved throughout the factory on conveyor belts. III. The Impact of the Ford Assembly Line: A radical innovation. The impact of this innovation was huge, not only on Fords manufacturing or there costumers but also to every manufacturing company around the world. It changed the way people produced in mass. Main everything more efficient and a lot quicker. The cost of producing became cheaper which lead to the cost of the cars becoming cheaper...
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...Case Study 1 1. What are UPS "Smart Labels?" What role do they play in UPS operations? Smart labels are computerized, bar-coded label that is used to provide shipping information. They play a huge role in UPS operations because they provide customer information for shipping which makes for faster and more reliable shipping. The label is scanned at each part of shipment and delivery so the customer can track their packages and it’s accounted for from start to finish. 2. Write out the steps a package takes from pick-up by a UPS driver to delivery including the role of DIAD, the UPS Data Center, and the UPS Package Center. The driver picks up the package from the customer and creates a smart label that contains all shipping information and a tracking number, this information is sent to the warehouse. The driver will always carry a DIAD which is a basically a hand held computer that will show the driver which routes to take and his stops for the day. The driver will scan the package information into the DIAD so that the information is available to the Data Center and to the customer. All packages will be process through a UPS package center. 3. What role does wireless communication play in the UPS systems? Wireless communication allows the UPS drivers to have complete flexibility in the field and up to date information about changes to their routes or new pick-ups. This makes more efficient deliveries and pick-ups for the customers and I would imagine it makes for better...
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...Fast-Food Feast Case Study (Burger King vs. Taco Bell) University of Phoenix OSC 301 – Operations Management Professor Alan Boyer September 21, 2009 Fast-Food Feast Case Study (Burger King vs. McDonalds) The research to answer the questions to this Fast-Food Feast Case Study was done abroad in two different countries. The first was Burger King on a military base in Stuttgart Germany and the other was McDonalds out on the economy in Tbilisi, Georgia. Having data from two different countries will better suit how similar and different Fast-Food joints are across the globe, even though it is from a small scale. How are in-store orders taken? Orders from both places were taken by an individual behind the counter and entered into the computer / cash register. This data was then sent back to the cooks in the back who make the burgers to start the order. Burger King however, would repeat your order to you as well as say it over the microphone to the back even though it was not a special order. McDonalds did not do this. Are the hamburgers prepared to order, or are they prepared ahead of time and delivered from a storage bin? The hamburgers at Burger King were prepared to order, however I believe this is true as it was the lunch crowd and they never had enough burgers to go around. Burger King could do much better if they would look at what is ordered everyday and be ready for the lunch bunch. Personally I have not gone to that Burger King if the lunch line is...
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...Reengineering Reengineering is defined as the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed. As an engineering discipline, reengineering can be applied to any process in manufacturing and service businesses, education, and the government. (F. Robert Jacobs) When a company is interested in reengineering, they usually don’t take into consideration the people factor and are only interested in “what is in it for us”. Many people usually lose their jobs to technology. This is done in the hope of saving money and gaining a larger profit margin. One company who did this is Southwest Airlines. Some of the strategies they used when reengineering were considered in hopes of lowering fares by doing a fee-based early check-in for customers who wanted to be the first to board the plane and choose a seat. The next thing they looked at was outsourcing their maintenance. This helped them reduce the costs for inventory and staff. Many competitors still do their own maintenance. The other thing they did was to avoid expanding too quickly and cut back on less profitable flights. They were continually evaluating their flights to see how they were doing and would eliminate or add fights according to the market. By reducing spending by reducing staff and asking for voluntary retirement they were able to reduce their overhead. They implemented did ticketless...
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...Term Paper Of Operation Management Topic, More Free Term Papers On Site: Www.Maturski.Org Index 1. Introduction 2. Product Range 3. Transformational Process Viz Inputs,Outputs and Process Followed in Conversion 4. Facility Layout 5. Facility Location 6. Production Planning System Viz Capacity Planning Operation Management Sheduling Etc. 7. Inventory Management 8. Model of Supply Chain Management Being Following Brief History of the Company The Business That Became the Bata Shoe Organization Was Established On August 24, 1894 In Zlin, Czechoslovakia by Tomas Bata, And Included His Brother Antonin and Sister Anna. Although This Business Was New, The Bata Name Had Been Part of a Tradition of Shoemaking for Eight Generations, Spanning Three Hundred Years. It Was One of the First Modern Day Shoe ‘manufacturers’ , A Team of Snitchers and Shoemakers Creating Footwear Not Just for the Local Town , But Also for the Distant Retail Merchants. This Departure From the Centuries Old Tradition of the One Man Cobbler’s Workshop Was a Brand New Concept, Creating an Entirely New Industry. The Bata Enterprise Revolutionized the Treatment of Employees and Labor Conditions. Tomas Consistently Maintained a Human Focus, Creating Opportunities for Development and Advancement, And Added Compensation for Employees Based On Achievement. In Late 1985. Antonin Was Drafted Into the Army for Compulsory Military Service and...
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...of the shift to the person in charge of mixing. The person then checks the master list for the ingredients needed for each type of cookie. The person in charge if mixing then puts the information into the computer and the computer figures out what is exactly needed according to the quantity and the type of cookies needed. The computer then sends the information it configures to the storage silos that are located outside of the plant where the main ingredients are located. All of the ingredients needed are automatically sent to the giant mixing machines where everything is mixed together into a batter. The batter is then put into cutting machines that cut the batter into individual diagonal cookies. The cut cookies are then put onto a conveyer belt that will send them through one of the two ovens. There are some cookies that have filling and those cookies are first filled and folded before they are sent into the oven. Once the cookies come out of the oven they are then sent onto spiral cooling racks 20 feet high and three feet wide. As the cookies are finished with the cooling process workers manually put the cookies into boxes and while they are doing this they remove any broken or deformed cookies. Also, a quality control inspector samples the cookies as they come off the line to make sure they meet satisfaction. Once the boxes are filled they are wrapped, sealed, and labeled automatically. After the boxes are ready they are loaded immediately onto trucks and shipped to distributors...
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...Information Systems for Supply Chain Management – Paper 1 – RFID Alex Bartell ____________________________________________________________ _________________________ Radio frequency identification (RFID) significantly increases supply chain efficiency by creating an electronic tracking system that encompasses the entire product life cycle. The technology was first discovered during World War II so countries could differentiate their aircrafts from those of their enemies. Just-in-time supply chains were made possible after the innovation of RFID technology. The ability to track products from raw materials to the end customer has brought to light many opportunities for process improvement. Information systems have integrated in RFID recognition technology in order to reduce the number of steps and manual data input required when tracking a product. RFID has created endless ways to track consumer behavior by storing buying habits and transaction details. Radio frequency identification was originally used for military purposes during World War II. In 1935, the radar technology capable of locating aircrafts was invented by Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt (Roberti). Planes were able to be identified but there was no way to distinguish between different countries aircrafts. The Germans discovered that when their own pilots rolled the aircrafts, the radar would pick up a slightly different signal, thus creating the first form of RFID technology. The British started placing transmitters...
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...8 Management Services Spring 2012 Efficiency nformation 5S By Dan Markovitz. llison is an anaesthesiologist at a major hospital in New York. Real estate prices being what they are in the country's most expensive city, her office is only slightly bigger than a broom closet. Every horizontal surface of Allison's office (except for her chair) is covered - no, buried - in paper: printed-out emails, regular mail, departmental memos, receipts from the last conference she attended, a decade's worth of professional journals...well, you get the idea. The place is a monument to the paper products industry. Now, given that Allison does her clinical work in the operating room and doesn't see patients in her office, you might think that the mess is without consequence. After all, it only affects her, not the surgeons or the patients. Moreover, it only interferes with the administrative aspects of her job, not critical patient care issues. But you'd be wrong. Allison's hospital is also a teaching hospital, which means that she's expected to write grants to bring in funds for academic research and she's supposed to publish her findings. Want to guess how many A papers Allison has published in the past two years? Zero. She justifies her lack of academic productivity by explaining that her clinical responsibilities are so onerous that she has no time to find available grants and apply for them. To be fair, she does work a long day...
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...Logitech was founded by three people during 1981 in Apples, Switzerland. The company now generates annual sales of more than 1 billion dollars, most from products such as mice, keyboards, and low-cost video cameras that cost under $100. Logitech made its name as a technological innovator in the highly competitive business of personal computer peripherals. What has made Logitech so successful is how the company has configured its global value chain to lower production costs while maintaining the value of those assets that lead to differentiation. Logitech does basic R&D work primarily software programming Switzerland where it has 200 employees. The company is still legally Swiss, but the corporate headquarters are in Fremont, California, close to many of America’s high-technology enterprises, where it has 450 employees. Some R&D work (again, primarily software programming) is also carried out in Fremont. Most significantly, though, Fremont is the headquarters for the company’s global marketing, finance, and logistics operations. The ergonomic design of Logitech’s products- their look and feel – is done in Ireland by an outside design firm. Most of the Logitech’s products are manufactured in Asia. Logitech’s expansion into Asian manufacturing began in the late 1980s when it opened a factory in Taiwan to attract customers such as Apple. Logitech not only needed the capacity to produce at high volume and low cost, but it also had to offer a better designed product. The solution:...
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...treatment of all individuals as well as ensuring that all the rights and liberties of individuals are well safeguarded. The modern criminal justice system is as a result of various evolutionary changes that the society has undergone ever since the inception of United States of America. The Americans relied significantly on religion in designing their criminal justice system which would help in shaping the American society as well as its behaviors (Burns, 2007). Question Two The American criminal justice helps in enforcing the country’s criminal laws. In America, criminal justice system is categorized into three levels: military, state and federal. In addition to these levels, every state has separate divisions dealing with juvenile and adult cases. The criminal justice system has three primary components, namely, law enforcement, courts, and corrections (Joyce, 2006). Law enforcement Law enforcement is the most important component of the criminal justice system. This consists of the local police department having all the police officers as well as detectives. These...
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