...Describe how a federal agency, like the FAA, creates and enforces regulations being sure to discuss the enabling authority a federal agency derives from federal statutes. When the FAA proposes a new regulation or changes to an existing regulation, they issue a document known as a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM), Federal law requires virtually all administrative agencies and departments of the government to conduct their rulemaking operations in this manner. The law requires that once the NPRM has been issued there must be a period of time for comment and consideration of the new proposed regulation. After the comment period closes the FAA considers the comments from the public and those affected by the new regulation. Often times, comments from the industry and public have influenced the FAA to either change or abolish the propsed regulation all together. When the process has run its course, the FAA issue’s a Final Notice of Rule Making. This notice will set forth the final rule as it will be adopted and an effective date for it to take effect. Under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 14-Aeronautics&Space, Part 13 Investigative and Enforcement Procedures, Subpart B-Administrative actions, the FAA may administer a “Warning Notice” which deals with the available facts and information about the incident or condition and shows that it may have been a violation. The FAA may also give a “Letter of Correction” that acknowledges the FAA decision in the matter and states...
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...practice. I will look at potential risks involved by overseas maintenance. What type of regulations the FAA has, and other identities involved. Lastly, I will look at specific goals of aviation maintenance, and what we believe would help achieve them. Overseas Maintenance In today’s world of deregulated aviation it has almost become a common practice of airlines to be in, or preparing for bankruptcy. Many financial issues have stemmed from competitive rates, low cost fares, and sky rocketing fuel rates. In order for airlines to make a profit they have looked in many directions to cut costs. Some have lowered services and are passing costs onto the consumer such as baggage fees, cost for food and snack, even to use the facilities. A major way for airlines to cut cost is maintenance. By outsourcing to Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul facilities (MRO’s), airlines have seen a great opportunity to increase their margins. The can have in depth costly repairs done at fractions of the cost in house. There is much debate about this topic with many questions to be asked. There is much debate about this topic and many questions to ask. A major problem is jobs, by outsourcing maintenance overseas we are losing American jobs. By losing American jobs and by outsourcing, we also may afford safety. Does the FAA have the control overseas as it does in the United States? Does the FAA have presence both domestically and internationally with carriers as it does with MRO’s? Aviation...
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...Aircraft Maintenance Topics • • • • • • • • • • FAA Regulations Aircraft Categories, Types Manuals Maintenance Forms and Records Operations with Inoperative Equipment Special Flight Permits Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) Repairs and Alterations – Airlines Maintenance Organizations Maintenance Terms Aircraft Maintenance FAA Regulations Regarding Aircraft Maintenance – Click here Note, the FAA document has the entry in the table for “14 CFR Part I” as14 CFR Part 1”. The part should not be Roman numeral “I”. Aircraft Category and Class • NOTE: There are two definitions in the FARs for Category and Class. ▫ Certification of Airmen ▫ Certification Of Aircraft • It can easily be confusing Certification of Airmen CATEGORY Airplane Rotorcraft Glider Lighter-than-air Certification Of Aircraft CATEGORY Transport Normal Utility Limited Restricted Acrobatic Provisional CLASS Single-Engine Land (SEL) Single-Engine Sea (SES) Multi-engine Land (MEL) Multi-engine Sea (MES) TYPE Embraer ERJ-145 Boeing 737 Airbus A-319 Etc. CLASS Airplane Rotorcraft Glider Lighter-than-air Manuals • Airplane Flight Manuals – All Aircraft ▫ Critical part of the aircraft (Airplanespecific) ▫ Includes instrument markings and placards ▫ Manual Contents Limitations Operating procedures Performance Manuals • PART 91 Operation: • Owner/operator – Limited responsibility ▫ Selection of inspection program ▫ Scheduling the aircraft for the inspections...
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...reference this AD. (2) Airworthy Product: For any requirement in this AD to obtain corrective actions from a manufacturer or other source, use these actions if they are FAA-approved. Corrective actions are considered FAA-approved if they are approved by the State of Design Authority (or their delegated agent). You are required to assure the product is airworthy before it is returned to service. Related Information (m) Refer to MCAI European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Airworthiness Directive 2010–0177, dated August 30, 2010; Airbus Mandatory Service Bulletin A320–28– 1162, Revision 02, dated December 18, 2009; and Airbus Service Bulletin A320–28–1105, Revision 02, dated March 11, 2005; for related information. Issued in Renton, Washington, on December 6, 2011. Ali Bahrami, Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2011–32076 Filed 12–14–11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 77937 consequent fuel leaks and an airplane fire. Failure of the fuse pins could also result in a premature landing gear collapse causing a runway excursion during take-off or landing. DATES: Comments Invited We invite you to send any written relevant data, views, or arguments about this proposal. Send your comments to an address listed under the ADDRESSES section. Include ‘‘Docket No. FAA– 2011–1320; Directorate Identifier 2011– NM–208–AD’’ at the beginning of your comments. We specifically invite comments on the overall regulatory, economic, environmental...
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...frequent colds and infections Concentration and memory problems Weight gain Impaired motor skills and increased risk of accidents Difficulty making decisions Increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other health problems FATIGUE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP CONT’D The incident of an air traffic controller falling asleep while on the job in the tower of Reagan National Airport led to the investigation of human fatigue negatively impacting the performance of air traffic controllers everywhere. “We expect controllers to come to work rested and ready to work and take personal responsibility for safety in the control towers. We have zero tolerance for sleeping on the job,” said Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood. “Safety is our top priority and we will continue to make whatever changes are necessary (FAA,...
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...various models of the F-16. He is a graduate of USAF Test Pilot School and post-graduate student at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. DOD COSTS OF NOT PREPARING FOR NEXTGEN Abstract In order to facilitate a significant overhaul of the civilian National Airspace System (NAS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has partnered with many federal agencies, such as the departments of Transportation (DOT), Defense (DoD), Homeland Security (DHS), 2 and Commerce (DOC) and the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through a consolidated Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) that was established by Congress in 2003 in the VISION 100 – Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (JPDO, 2012). The JPDO has proposed replacing the old NAS structure of primarily ground-based navigation with robust satellite-enabled air traffic procedures and to supplement ground-based air traffic controller workload with advanced datalink and trajectory-based operations algorithms for de-conflicting aircraft on the ground and in the air. The hope is to reduce the required separation between aircraft and the decrease the human workload, without sacrificing safety. Department of Defense (DoD) leaders should consider lessons learned from past decisions with regard to cost avoidance versus cost savings following the smaller domestic airspace change, reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM). The lost cost savings from...
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...This article takes a look into the disciplinary problems at U.S. air traffic facilities. Summary: The author discusses the struggle of the Federal Aviation Administration’s efforts to reprimand air traffic controllers. About forty percent of the controllers who have come under scrutiny for their poor judgment and lackadaisical performance of their job which have resulted in tragedy and/or near mishaps were allowed early retirement or have kept their jobs. With the help of their union contract or the Merit Systems Protection Board for federal employees which was established to protect federal employees against abuses by agency management. The latest to show problems was in June 2011. An air controller near Gulfport Mississippi, who had been repeatedly disciplined, was the subject of a government safety investigation. The controller instructed two planes to take off toward each other into a near mid air collision. Another incident in which the air traffic controller was in line for termination occurred in 2009 at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey, in which, a controller was blamed in part for a fatal mid-air collision because the controller was joking with an airport employee about barbecuing a dead cat while on duty. The FAA was also thwarted in attempts to fire a controller at JFK International for allowing his kids to make radio calls to aircraft. After the incident in Mississippi, the FAA suspended and decertified the controller who made the errors. Prior to this incident the...
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...Charge Program: An Overview and an Examination of Increasing or Removing the Program’s Current Limits Submitted by Jim Halley March 10, 2013 Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements for MGMT 533 Federal Regulations, Ethics, and the Legal System Table of Contents | Executive Summary | ii | An Overview and History of the Passenger Facility Charge Program | 1 | Passenger Facility Charge Limits and the Arguments For and Against Raising the Limits | 2 | The Statutory and Regulatory Aspects of the PFC Program | 5 | A Recommendation Regarding PFC Limits | 6 | Works Cited | 7 | Executive Summary As established by the Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1990, the Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) program – codified at 49 U.S.C. §40117 and regulated by 14 C.F.R. Part 158 – allows airports enplaning more than 2,500 passengers per year to charge passengers up to $4.50 per each flight segment but not more than $18.00 per round trip ticket (Price & Forrest, 2012). PFC funds are collected by the airlines, forwarded to the airports by the collecting airlines, and must be expended by airports for projects directly related to safety, security, capacity, noise reduction, and carrier competition enhancement (Price & Forrest, 2012). This paper will provide an overview of the PFC program and examine the program’s history, detail the arguments for and against an increase in current PFC limits, examine the potential implications or benefits...
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...an Airport Master Plan? As defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), an airport master plan is a comprehensive study of an airport and usually describes the short-, medium-, and long-term development plans to meet future aviation demand. Airport master plans serve as facility development guides for a long-range planning horizon (usually 20 to 25 years), and summarize an airport’s strategy for the development of the airport. The goal of a master plan is to provide the framework needed to guide future airport development that will cost-effectively satisfy aviation demand, while considering potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Master Plans also provide the airport with the tools to react to uncertainties by examining key trends in the aviation industry, such as changing airline business models, improvements in technology, and local/regional economics that could affect airport activity. Master plans vary in the level of detail and complexity depending on the size, function, issues and challenges of the airports under study. FAA Advisory Circular 150/5070-6B Airport Master Plans provides guidance for the preparation of airport master plans. Read the FAA Advisory Circular (Adobe PDF) Specific objectives of the Master Plan Update put forth by Denver International Airport (DIA) include the following: Maintain and ensure the safety and security of the Airport Emphasize customer service and satisfaction ...
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...System THEORY | UAV for Disaster Surveillance | | | Arun Bhatta | S0254398 | | Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 System Test, Evaluation and Validation 2 Validation 3 Human Factor 3 Optimization in design and operation for reliability and maintainability 4 Reliability Assessment 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 5 Bibliography 7 Executive Summary There are several UAVs which are widely used in civil and military application. The continuous use of UAV has demanded a reliable and low cost UAV system. Since its use in increment it has undoubtedly raised the question about the reliability of these systems. Thus, requiring improvement in the modeling, testing and flight control for the small UAV’s. This reports aims to provide an integrated framework with systematic, schematic procedure so that the UAV can be synthesized and validate flight controllers. This approach will help FAA and EASA certification of UAV system very rapidly. The first part of this report provides a brief introduction regarding the failure of the components. The second part discusses about the System Test and validation of the UAV. The last part of the report analyzes the human factor issues involved in the UAV. Introduction The UAV is not a new concept as it was in the situation of First World War. The roles and responsibilities that it carries has increased its utilization in the field of defense, disaster surveillance etc. Increment in utilization has accompanied...
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...dilemma-Wildlife vs. Aircrafts MGMT 408 Abstract The recent times since the birth of aviation industry by the Wright Brothers (2005) has seen a massive change in its structure and functioning. As technology advanced more convoluted are the efforts to carry on this gigantic trade of huge mechanical birds on the sky, which nevertheless have to share the natural domain of the birds. One of the major concerns of the aviation industry is also contributed by the obstacles faced to minimize hazards (2012) of wildlife on the human terrain without harming the natural territory. Through this review, a focus is made on the dilemmas faced and efficacy of remedies taken to mitigate the concerns of wildlife strikes in Airport safety. Introduction The natural population of birds took to air about millions of years ago until, the intelligent and progressive human kind started using its airspace more than 100 years ago. So this great invention which is technically called the “Mechanical Bird” or “Airplane” uses the same airspace as birds making the collisions inevitable. Records show that shortly after Wright Brother’s took to air on 1903 and shortly thereafter the first bird strike was reported on September 7, 1905, when Oliver Wright’s aircraft hit a bird (probably a red-winged blackbird) as he flew over Dayton, Ohio (2005). To one’s surprise birds are not the only threat to an airplane, certain times Deer’s, Coyotes or even...
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...An Analysis of McDonnell Douglas’s Ethical Responsibility in the Crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981 The Memorial of Flight 981 at Ermenonville (Johnston, 1976). Executive Summary In 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981 experienced a mid-flight cargo door failure which led to the first total loss of a wide-bodied aircraft in history. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, and this tragedy was compounded by the fact that sufficient corrective action had not been taken by the manufacturer after precursory failures had occurred over the four previous years. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the ethical nature of McDonnell Douglas’s decisions throughout this crisis, discerning their priorities with regard to safety and financial gain, and to assess if these qualities have changed in response. The origin of this catastrophe lay in a poor handling of design and manufacturing. The cargo door’s design employed faulty philosophies, and decisions regarding its manufacture were driven by savings at the expense of safety. However, though the door’s faults were later exposed, a more serious problem involving the tail control lines in the passenger floor was continually overlooked until the crash. This was due primarily to a policy of using old design strategies which met minimum federal requirements. The company oversimplified the control lines’ failure mode when confronted with it in ground testing and, being committed to their own design, were unable to...
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...qtr_02 10 A quArterly publicAtion boeing.com/commerciAl/ AeromAgAzine building better communication New Air Traffic Surveillance Technology complying with the Aging Airplane Safety rule new tool for collaboration on in‑Service issues Fuel conservation Strategies: Descent and Approach AERO cover photo: 777 APU exhaust bay. AERO contents 03 building better communication Four years ago, we reintroduced AERO magazine in response to a boeing customer support survey. late last year, we went back to you to find out how well we are doing. 07 New Air Traffic Surveillance Technology Air traffic service providers and regulators are moving toward airspace and flight operations to enable greater flexibility and adaptability along with assuring improved traffic flow, capacity, efficiency and safety. A key part is the transition from radar to ADS‑b surveillance. 07 15 complying with the Aging Airplane Safety rule new materials help operators comply with the u.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s new rule on aging airplane safety. 21 15 new tool for collaboration on in‑Service issues 21 boeing introduces a new collaboration platform that integrates two previous elec‑ tronic bulletin boards in a single application and includes a number of new features. 25 Fuel conservation Strategies: Descent and Approach 25 www.boeing.com/c o m m e r c i A l / A e r o m A g A z i n e the descent and approach...
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...Required Textbooks and Equipment Instrument Commercial Manual, Jeppesen (current edition). ICM Airman’s Information Manual, FAA (current edition). AIM Federal Aviation Regulations, FAA (current edition). FAR Airport Facilities Directory, NOAA (current edition). AFD FAA Instrument Pilot Exam Questions/Answers (Gleim). FAA IFR ENROUTE LOW ALTITUDE charts – U.S. L-23/24 US Terminal Procedures (Approach plate) – SE-3 Optional- Jeppesen Chart Subscription, (current Florida coverage). Aviation Weather Services, NOAA, AC 00-45C (current edition). AWS Course Description This course develops aeronautical knowledge required for addition of an Instrument Airplane rating to a Private Pilot certificate. Topics include instrument flying regulations, safety, operations, navigation systems, chart use, weather, flight planning, decision-making, and crew resource management. Prerequisites AS 121. Course Goals This course provides the aeronautical knowledge to continue the development of a professional pilot through practical application of basic aerodynamics, aircraft performance, regulations, and flight planning in a single-pilot, IFR environment. This course also continues to build the understanding of those essential elements of crew resource management, such as crew communication, crew coordination, and teamwork required by the aviation industry. Performance Objectives During this course the student will, to the...
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...Little Rock, Arkansas. Human Factors (HFACS) play a major role as flight crew decision making abilities were evident. A few human factors played into this accident and as a post accident investigation concluded, this accident could have been prevented is the right pre-causations were done. Options were provided to weather cancel, or divert into other areas that had better weather. Inclement weather conditions were the external factor that played a major role in this accident, however weather can be avoided in most cases. Other aspects that were avoidable errors made by humans were pilot fatigue and the confusion to the ground emergency personnel that cause a response time delay. Executive Summary Flying under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 on an instrument flight rule, American Airlines flight 1420, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, N215AA, crashed as it lost control on landing causing the aircraft to overrun the end of runway 4R. Flight 1420 departed Dallas/Fortworth approximately 2240 with 2 flightcrew members, 4 flight attendants and 139 passengers. According to the NTSB, the determined that the probable cause of this accident were the flight crew failures to discontinue the approach with severe weather present at the airport. Contributions to the accident were the flight crews impaired performance and situational stress that were the result of fatigue environmental issues. The approach landing exceeded the maximum crosswind...
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