...Facebook Unethical Use of User Data for Social Experimentation Bonita V. Earls Longwood University Abstract His paper explores the ethical impact of Facebooks 2012 study on emotional contagion in a social web environment. The study is controversial due to the fact Facebook researchers failed to follow standard ethical guidelines as set forth in the healthcare industry, failed to clearly communicate the study, its intentions, and methodology to its users, and manipulated data in such a way it invoked emotional and mood changes of its unaware users. The idea of algorithmic program use in the social media sphere comes into question as well. Introduction In January 2012, the news feeds of approximately 700,000 users of the popular social media site, Facebook, were manipulated in a manner so that some of its users only had positive news stories show up on their pages and others had only negative news stories show up. The experiment was conducted over the span of a week, from the 11th to the 18th, without the knowledge of the users (Kramer, 2014). According to the researchers, the goal was to see if “emotional contagion” occurs without direct interaction between people and in the absence of nonverbal cues. By manipulating the news stories, either all positive or all negative, they could study what effects, if any, there was on the moods of the users (LaChance, 2014). This is only one of many social experiments that the Facebook Core Data Science Team, has performed...
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...That is the question Since the dawn of Facebook, the question of if the company is ethical or not has definitely been one that has been under great debate. There are some individuals that feel it is just another tool to give the government as well as other people, in general, an avenue to spy on the majority of our population with. It collects data and stores it all for what reason? Are you a Facebook user? Why do you use it? The article, "Experimental Evidence of Massive-scale Emotional Contagion Through Social Networks" published last week in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), is an example how the masses can be purposely swayed. As summarized in this article, Facebook conducted an experiment in which it manipulated nearly 155,000 users news feeds (Table 1). They wanted to see if, by manipulating these users news feeds, whether the users’ emotions would be effected. The company’s research including this massive number of users included funneling positive posts from friends to one group and negative posts to another to see how the positive versus negative posts affected user responses. Max Masnick, a researcher with a doctorate in epidemiology, quoted in the article, "I do human-subjects research every day". He continues to stick with his opinion that the structure of the experiment displays that there was no informed consent - a key element of any studies on humans. "As a researcher, you don’t get an ethical free...
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...the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots” (tech-surpass). If we look out our surroundings, we can witness that the day has come. I have four hundred and eighteen friends, yet I am alone. This is a new type of loneliness where...
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...In networked media, this also involves the remediation of identity. For example, early online identities were often kept completely anonymous. A user could create a username and profile, but there was little focus on the user’s “real” identity outside of the computer. The user’s identity was instead focused on how they chose to perform it. These online identities were still based on interests and involvement within bigger online communities, but the user’s life outside of the screen was not a priority the way it is today. With the introduction of social media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, identity has been completely remediated to instead focus on the user’s real...
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...Sentence: The essay Stephen Marche wrote “Is Facebook Making Us Lonely” is talking about with the technology what the society looks like now, and social media like Facebook and twitter have made us more densely network than ever. Paragraph: In Stephen Marche’s article, Facebook is a reason people are becoming move lonely and standard. The relationship between technology and loneliness is strong. According to the article people who spend their time on devices and social network sights are finding themselves lacking in the ability to communicate in person. One effect that is brought up throughout the article is loneliness, in which is made the more often one drowns themselves in social media. Facebook in particular, is the target of this article, with its enormous audience, Facebook is the go-to website to see latest gossip, get in touch with everyone, and be in touch with everyone. The research put into the Lonely topic consists of psychologist’s opinions and real events. Unfortunately, technology gives one access to the internet, allowing one to be deeply drowned within the internet’s vast ocean of information. What's more, in the article, the author shows us many other researches and examples from professional study about technology including Facebook made people lonely to support his idea like Moria Burke, John Cacioppo and Sherry Turtle. So in other word, social media can cause a person to distance themselves from others because they are too busy using it, posting...
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...2015 (Type of paper: Optional) Final Summary Essays Sentence: The essay Stephen Marche wrote “Is Facebook Making Us Lonely” is talking about with the technology what the society looks like now, and social media like Facebook and twitter have made us more densely network than ever. Paragraph: In Stephen Marche’s article, Facebook is a reason people are becoming move lonely and standard. The relationship between technology and loneliness is strong. According to the article people who spend their time on devices and social network sights are finding themselves lacking in the ability to communicate in person. One effect that is brought up throughout the article is loneliness, in which is made the more often one drowns themselves in social media. Facebook in particular, is the target of this article, with its enormous audience, Facebook is the go-to website to see latest gossip, get in touch with everyone, and be in touch with everyone. The research put into the Lonely topic consists of psychologist’s opinions and real events. Unfortunately, technology gives one access to the internet, allowing one to be deeply drowned within the internet’s vast ocean of information. What's more, in the article, the author shows us many other researches and examples from professional study about technology including Facebook made people lonely to support his idea like Moria Burke, John Cacioppo and Sherry Turtle. So in other word, social media can cause...
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...CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Background: Whenever we log in to our Facebook accounts, we see their slogan on their homepage which is “Facebook helps you connect and share with the people in your life.” But nowadays, far from what Mark Zuckerberg’s aim is in creating Facebook, it has turned more into a source of entertainment rather than it means for communication. As this social networking site continues to add and upgrade its features, the means of sharing happenings in someone’s life to the public have widened. Posting videos became available because sometimes pictures are not enough. Hashtags that were only seen in Twitter before have also become available in Facebook so that we can easily filter topics and would be able to keep up with “what’s in”. The additional features improved the quality of service Facebook provides and made it easier to keep up with the latest happenings not only within our circle of friends, but also to our whole community. These advancements have helped some Facebook users to bridge the gap between them and their loved ones . But somehow, others ended up abusing it. The video of the “amalayer” girl in 2012 became viral in Facebook. It had been shared from one’s profile to another and received various reactions from different people may it be positive or negative. People also found social issues entertaining by means of making memes. Instead of taking these seriously and participating in sensible debates, some just tend to shrug these off. This...
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...MYSPACE.COM SHUTDOWN BARSALES, GERALYNM. I. Time Context In August 2003, several eUniverse employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the more popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of Myspace was ready for launch, implemented usingColdFusion.[15][21] A complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan (eUniverse's Founder, Chairman, CEO), who managed Chris DeWolfe (MySpace's starting CEO), Josh Berman, Tom Anderson (MySpace's starting president), and a team of programmers and resources provided by eUniverse. Myspace quickly gained popularity among teenage and young adult social groups. In February 2005, DeWolfe held talks with Mark Zuckerberg over acquiring Facebook but DeWolfe rejected Zuckerberg's $75 million asking price. Some employees of Myspace, including DeWolfe and Berman, were able to purchase equity in the property before MySpace and its parent company eUniverse (now renamedIntermix Media) was bought. In July 2005, in one of the company's first major Internet purchases, Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation (the parent company of Fox Broadcasting and other media enterprises) purchased Myspace for US$580 million. News Corporation had beat out Viacom by offering a higher price for the website,] and the purchase was seen as a good investment at the...
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... Facebook: Opportunities, Problems, and Ambitions Organizational Behavior Sep 15 ‘2013 1 Chapter 1 – Organizational Behavior and Opportunities Overview Facebook, a social network, is an exceptional case of success and is changing not only the business scenario, but also habits of million people around the world. Besides all the transformations already implemented, that changed the habits of million people, they have audacious plans to keep implementing changings and innovations that may affect users’ behavior and innumerous business in the future. With all these phenomenal growth, also started to surge questions about how Facebook is handling the entire database from million users, all the personal information they have access in their severs and the fact they were stimulating their public to input additional content and how it was being used to increase, even more, their revenue with on line advertising. 2 Chapter 1 – Organizational Behavior and Opportunities Questions 1. How does Facebook’s privacy management of users’ personal information affect the behavior of Facebook patrons? The Facebook’s privacy management of users’ personal information is the norms that define how Facebook will handle...
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...Electricity is an essential requirement for all facets of our life. It has been recognized as a basic human need. It is a critical infrastructure on which the socio-economic development of the country depends. Supply of electricity at reasonable rate to rural India is essential for its overall development. Equally important is availability of reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry to make it globally competitive and to enable it to exploit the tremendous potential of employment generation. Services sector has made significant contribution to the growth of our economy. Availability of quality supply of electricity is very crucial to sustained growth of this segment. Recognizing that electricity is one of the key drivers for rapid economic growth and poverty alleviation, the nation has set itself the target of providing access to all households in next five years. As per Census 2001, about 44% of the households do not have access to electricity. Hence meeting the target of providing universal access is a daunting task requiring significant addition to generation capacity and expansion of the transmission and distribution network. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL NETWORKS Since Social Networks began, hundreds of millions of individuals and thousands of organizations have been attracted by the concept of connecting with others using Social Networks. This attraction or fascination extends beyond just the use of Social Networks...
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...rights to life that humans have. Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer published a book in 1993 titled, “The Great Ape Project.” The novel is composed of different essays written by advocates of the projects who aim to discuss the ethology and ethics issues between human beings and apes. Cavalieri and Singer argue that we now have “sufficient information about the capacities of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans to make it clear that the moral boundary we draw between us and them is indefensible.” The novel became instantly popular and eventually led to the creation of the self-titled Great Ape Project. The Great Ape Project was founded in 1994 and put into action six years later in Sorobaca City. The Great Ape Project is an international movement that “aims to defend the rights of the non-human great primates-chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos, our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.” According to the project, the three main rights his project wants to ensure for apes include, the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. The Great Ape Project argues that apes deserve the right to live a higher standard of life. Studies have proven that chimpanzee’s are the closest relatives of human beings. Chimpanzees share 98.4% of the same DNA that human’s have. DNA tests also say that gorilla’s share 97.7% of the same DNA that humans have. The Great Ape Project wants to bridge the gap between human beings along with chimpanzees...
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...consequences of the problem and propose possible methods. Firstly, the essay will describe the major problems currently. Then discuss executable measures to address the problem. Finally, it will provide evaluation and conclusion. Problems: Internet information security is a new concept which for the purpose of protecting personal, commercial or national information on the internet, and guaranteeing privacy and business secrets not being destroyed or leaked out. Online privacy contains private information unconsciously disclosure, damaged fame because of libel or gossip, individual data used by strangers, hacking and identity pilferage (Boyd and Ellison, 2008, in Debatin, Lovejoy, 2009). For example, most adolescents addict to Facebook in recent years. Facebook is a kind of community on the Internet where people can connect with their friends and share real life with other strangers. If someone...
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...Society December 2012 14: 1304-1320, first published on May 11, 2012 doi:10.1177/1461444812442927 * This article was found in the Sage database under New Media and Society. The authors are Drew P. Cingel and S. Shyam Sundar. The article was published in December 2012 * The paper states the new generations methods of learning are changing towards technological ways such as communication technologies. * What fascinated me was why the new generation cannot use proper grammar when texting or chatting. Is there a way that the educational system could adapt to the new generation’s method of learning or even differentiate between when to use bad grammar and correct grammar. * The author uses quantitative research by preforming an experiment suing 228 students. Also, the research is qualitative because the research is than analyzed to assume a new method of learning. * The author is examining 228 sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. * The author asks, “Does the increased use of text messaging engender greater reliance on such textual adaptations to the point of altering one’s sense written grammar? * Why should teaching and learning methods evolve at the same pace as technology? 2) Kristin A. Searle and Yasmin B. Kafai Beyond Freedom of Movement: Boys Play in a Tween Virtual World Games and Culture July 2012 7: 281-304, doi:10.1177/1555412012454219 * I found this article in the Sage database under Games and Culture * The paper investigates the...
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...The hypothesis for this experiment was: Reaction times will increase when using a cell phone because it creates a distraction and the human brain can only focus on one thing at a time. The Nervous System, consisting of the central and peripheral nervous systems, is responsible for detecting stimuli and creating responses. Sensory receptors detect the stimulus and motor effector respond to stimulus. The Central nervous system is the command center of the nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal chord. The Peripheral nervous system is responsible for collecting and responding to the stimulus. The Electromagnetic sensory receptors in the eyes react to light. Once these receptors detect the light, the signal travels down the axon and enters into the Central Nervous System. The interneuron then sends...
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...offers an insight on the Facebook phenomenon and how they are used by brands as one of their main marketing channel especially by food and beverage companies. It also describes on how it changes the way we communicate with one another and how it can have an impact on brands. The chapter further presents the problem statement of the study, research objectives, research questions and the significance of study. 1.2 Background of study As the world is moving in a faster pace, rapid changes have occurred in the way we live. The evolution of current internet had made our lives more interesting and convenient. Social media has been brought to a whole new level with the advents of social media on the new Web 2.0 where the Internet has gone social. The social media has transformed online monologues into engaging dialogues by redefining how people connect and communicate with other people as well as brands and businesses. This communication platform has now become imperative in being a part of the lives of the modern society by opening the door of endless possibilities of how information is being shared and exchanged. The social media as we know today encompasses all the social networking sites which include the top major players of the industry which is Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn. One such social networking site that grows in an instant rate is Facebook. In short, social media is the social software that improves human communication. Facebook started off with a humble...
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