...Rhetorical Strategies in Butler’s “phylosophe” and Brook’s “Honor Code” Judith Butler and David Brooks both use the similar method of telling a story at the beginning to convince their audience that what they are saying is true. Judith Butler, a philosopher, in a youtube interview, “phylosophe” (2007), argues that society has a severely deep fear relating to gender norms. Meanwhile, David Brooks, a columnist, in “Honor Code” (2012), from The New York Times claims that the education system is to blame for the increase of males failing each year, not the males themselves. While Butler tells an anecdote, Brooks uses an allusion which both are stories that get the audience involved, appeals to pathos and logos, which is when the author tries to affect the audience’s personal feelings and tries to persuade the listener through deductive reasoning, and uses tone, the attitude of the speaker and the effects it has on the audience. Butler begins by...
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...Gender, equality, poverty and economic growth Gender equality in third world countries still remains poor in comparison to other well-developed countries. Third World Countries with religious subjectivity, rural factors and civic liberties are contributing to a gender gap in education and income possibilities of women in these countries (Sen, 2009). What these countries must realize is that women are the key to the global economic recovery of their countries. Unlocking the potential of women by narrowing the gender gap is the key to developing a Third World Countries economic efficiency. More and more women in third world countries are realizing that education is a key development in their lives, households and economies. Many of the women feel that gender equality when it comes to education is important in its own right (Sen, 2009). One of those women who advocate this education equality principle is Nobel Peace Prize winner and Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sir Leaf who strongly believes that education should be a right for both men and women. When asked about public resources in Liberia she went onto explain that her country is learning that changes in educational policies must occur in order to facilitate economic growth in their country. She stated that, “policies reflect equal opportunity, equity and allocation of public resources is not directed toward an elitist group and favorite few.” She claims that education should be a right of passage for everyone...
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...* The word Gender, as a grammatical term has been around since the 14th century, according to Oxford dictionary as “referring to classes of noun designated as masculine, feminine, or neuter.” Gender is more commonly used now in the 21st century to describe a person’s identity. Sex is another word that is commonly used when describing gender, it is ‘the state of being male or female’. Sex is the biological difference, where as gender is to cultural or social differences. Sex could also be defined as evolution, our genetics. Where as gender, which is our nurture, our life experiences, which help us shape who we are as an individual. Sociologists argue that the relationship between sex and gender is absolutely arbitrary – there is no causative connection between sex and gender – sex doesn’t determine the type of roles you can engage in society. We announce our identities by the way that we dress, walk, talk, act etc. We convince other people that we’re the gendered person that we’re presenting ourselves to be, a product of interactions. With ones sex being defined as male or female, there are bodies that can’t be categorized under these two sexes. Hermaphrodites, now more commonly known as intersex, are becoming a commonly known and used term in society with 17 in every 1000 babies having some kind of intersex condition. Gender is only one of the fundamental principles in organisation of social life, in particular in structural organisations of; childhood, sports, media and employment...
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...to follow the “boy code”-- to be successful, masculine and reliable in order to be real men. This “boy code” gives men the false bravado to overvalue themselves. For example, men are not encouraged to pursue in the engineering fields, but rather forced by the family or the education system. Indeed, there are brilliant men who can consider challenging course in school. However, there are outliers, and the range of these outlier are reportedly vast. As many of the men are intellectually challenged by such courses, it is more likely incapable to succeed. The incapability to succeed becomes a threatening issue as it causes mental disorders and violent. Because men are “told” that they are capable of succeeding in these areas, once they are failing to fulfill the society’s standard, their masculinity is challenged. In fact, they are being viewed as feminine. In the article, the line reads “Boys regard English as a “feminine” subject”. What defines a female subject? Moreover, who sets these standards? Back in the days, writers like Shakespeare, and Alexander Pope are not considered feminine; painters like Van Goh and Picasso are not considered feminine. Why, and why did it suddenly...
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...“I Am What I AM” is a musical which was on shown in January in Sheung Wan Civic Centre. The story of the musical is actually a real-life story adapted from a Singapore transgender person, Abigail, about making a tough decision of being loyal to her true gender. Abigail’s frustration of whether to take the Sex Reassignment Surgery (“SRS” for short) or not was exquisitely presented in the musical, so as to communicate with the audience and encourage them to have an in-depth review about the related issue. Why Abigail hopes to be a female rather than a male? To uncover the underlying reasons, let’s start with knowing more about her life in early stage. Being born as a boy, Abigail felt that he was a girl deeply inside his mind. Liked other normal little girls, he loved playing Barbie dolls and doll’s houses. Presenting girls’ characteristics in his childhood gave him a derogatory nickname, “Girlish Boy”, which was frequently called by his classmates in primary school. Trying to conceal his female mind, Abigail always made himself looks like stronger, self-reliant through behaviors, thoughts but seems that was not successful. His classmates continued to laugh at him with offensive languages. When he grew up, he felt much more natural and comfortable to play with girls while sensed shy to play with boys. In Singapore, boys who aged 18 had to serve their duty in military. During that period, Abigail took baths in late evening after all the other soldiers took their baths. It is...
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...been presented and accurately reviewed, it is the EEOC’s job to relate their findings to all parties involved in a precise and prompt manner. In 2011, Lorelei Kilker, an employee of Western Sugar met with the EEOC in regard to alleged systemic discrimination. She filed sexual discrimination charges against her employer for unfair treatment of women in the workplace. “Systemic discrimination involves a pattern or practice, policy, or class case where the alleged discrimination has a broad impact on an industry, profession, company or geographic area” (EEOC, 2011). Western Sugar was facing systemic discrimination allegations of restricting access to management training programs to men only, failing to promote women to higher level jobs with more wages, segregating their positions by gender, and denying...
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...Abstract The impact of media on the society extends to both social and political sectors. There are a variety of elements in each and media touches on both sectors and each element. It should be noted that the extent that it affects each element varies as well. It should also be taken into account that while there is a mass effect on everyone that media touches, the extent it affects the individual varies as well. Social Impact On a social level, media has its greatest impact. Viewpoints have been shaped due to the representation of different cultures, races, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. The two main elements of this are entertainment and news. While the representations should be taken at face value when it comes to entertainment, some representations have led to unfair stereotyping which becomes a part of social norms and thinking for generations. One example is how a segment or culture within a race could and has come to represent the public’s view of that race overall—especially in the case of negative elements of that culture. Another example is both unfair standards of beauty for women as well as negative representation of women. In the case of negative representations, there might be individuals or groups that embody that particular element, but media is able to multiply the negative to the point where it becomes a public accept trait of women. When it comes to unfair beauty standards, women are viewed as beautiful by mainstream media are usually put in favorable...
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...labor market has been the disparities in the mean income between men and women. Differences between wages received by participants in the labor market is measured by the gender pay gap. The differences arises due to various aspects that differ from one organization to the next (Cohen 2007). In Australia for example, the wages pay gap is computed on the basis of full-time weekly earnings excluding overtime and salary sacrificed pay. Currently, the wage pay gap in Australia stands at 17.5%. The gap has been fluctuating with small margins but the figure has remained unchanged overtime. Differences in income levels of men and women are, for this reason, an important economic and industrial aspect worth consideration. In order to address the disparities in the pay gaps, it is important to examine the possible reasons as to the existence of remuneration differences between men and women. Why does the difference exist? Well, the answer to such a query is often critical and complex. However, the real explanation is the fact that there exist a range of factors responsible for the occurrence of the pay gaps. These factors range from historical, social, behavioral and labor market factors (Clark & Drinkwater 2007). These factors have collectively have led to pay gap differences. More often than not, the causes of gender pay gap are usually intertwined and related. In this view, it can be noted that women have...
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...experiences in the United States. The transnational feminist movement involves global activism; working together to understand the role of gender, race, class, and sexuality as it relates to resisting structures of patriarchal and capitalist power. Jamaican women like Amy Ashwood and Amy Jacque Garvey have historically led the charge on feminist activism in Jamaica and the Afro-Caribbean. From their writings in the Negro World newspaper to the speeches by Ashwood throughout the United States, their work highlights the significance of transnational histories of feminism. Black feminism as a movement could...
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...Killing us softly 3 & Dreamworlds 3 Review Killing Us Softly 3 This post-viewing guide is intended to deepen the audience’s critical engagement with the documentary film, Killing Us Softly III. It is targeted at women and men between the ages of 15-30 who are bombarded with advertisements every day. Possible ways that the guide might be used include: recognition of to the role of advertisement in American society and culture, research projects aimed at exploring discrimination against women and/or the role of advertisement in America, and finally, for pure reasons of interest. Kilbourne says that advertisements give the message that what is most important is how we look. We must spend time, energy and money on our outward appearance or else we are failures. Advertisements say that we can look a certain way if we try hard enough. However, the fact of the matter is that we all fail because there is no such thing as perfection. It is this kind of powerful message that influences self-esteem and also men’s perceptions on acceptable ways of treating women. Kilbourne argues that advertisements treat women as though they are objects. Advertisements have turned women’s bodies into objects such as beer cans and scissors. This method of turning a woman into a thing can be violence. She also states that advertisements portray women as not being fully human. For example, in many advertisements, only one part of the body is focused on, such as the rear, legs or breasts. Men do...
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...Countdown The central Sun is dying. Our Galaxy was falling apart. My grandmother has told me long ago that when she was young she had seen it in full brightness and the transparent artificial heat amplifier sky under the clouds was not required. All the girls born from my mother worked in the underground rock mine used for power generation. My mother was classified class II and sent to care for the kids of working mothers. We all had the same routine, wake up on the central alarm, auto clean mode, take daily medicines for radiation, eat breakfast pills and get to the mine in underground personal or group bots. I would have never found this any different had I not discovered my grandmother’s diary. We were not allowed to have any stuff other than standard issue body cover. The living hives were swept every sunrise, but I had long memorized the meaningless sentences. It spoke about men living with women – a vague term starting with F, if I’m not wrong family then manufacturing breakfast pills called food, again F. There are many confusing things like Fun, happy, Love and that consummate, I think that would be the word to make babies. We had many planets like us in the Milky Way Galaxy. Each planet is explained vividly in her book. One made of only rocks, one without the power to hold us and we float all the time (giggle, in lower volume. Volume is monitored). Then my Grandma’s favorite, the blue one with lots of people with different body covers, languages and she says she’s...
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...Feeling the scornful scrutiny of fellow Marines, it seemed that the DIs took on a touch more bravado than they dared on colleges campuses. One boot felt the DIs resented the women, ‘...more than a battalion of Japanese troops.’ She was probably right.” (Stremlow, 1994, p 11) This attitude is still healthy among the majority of the male population in the Marine Corps today. Male Marine drill instructors warn recruits about interactions with females, insisting that female Marines are not held to equal standards and are generally less competent than their male counterparts. After the initial indoctrination, many male Marines tend to compile every instance of a female Marine struggling and failing at certain aspects of their jobs, and then attribute those failures to every female Marine they meet. Even instances of pregnancy or work-related injuries result in intense hostility, which is not exclusive to the work environment. Military and veteran-themed social media groups with thousands of active duty members create memes out of female Marines’ images, and the ensuing conversations proceed from sexist comments to character defamation and the promotion of sexual...
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...The impact of media on the society extends to both social and political sectors. There are a variety of elements in each and media touches on both sectors and each element. It should be noted that the extent that it affects each element varies as well. It should also be taken into account that while there is a mass effect on everyone that media touches, the extent it affects the individual varies as well. Social Impact On a social level, media has its greatest impact. Viewpoints have been shaped due to the representation of different cultures, races, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. The two main elements of this are entertainment and news. While the representations should be taken at face value when it comes to entertainment, some representations have led to unfair stereotyping which becomes a part of social norms and thinking for generations. One example is how a segment or culture within a race could and has come to represent the public’s view of that race overall—especially in the case of negative elements of that culture. Another example is both unfair standards of beauty for women as well as negative representation of women. In the case of negative representations, there might be individuals or groups that embody that particular element, but media is able to multiply the negative to the point where it becomes a public accept trait of women. When it comes to unfair beauty standards, women are viewed as beautiful by mainstream media are usually put in...
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...HR Policies & Practices: Gender Diversity, Equality, & Leadership Abstract The number of women obtaining higher levels of education and positions in their careers has increased, but the number of women obtaining management and executive positions has remained stagnant. Human resource policies and practices’ follow ethical guidelines, but in practicality are more difficult to apply in the workforce. Human resource practices and policies may be influenced by the overall mindset of a company. The barriers that prevent women from achieving management and executive positions are the same barriers that prevent human resource policies and practices’ from being applied. The gaps in gender equality and wages, created by the barriers, can be discouraging to women from achieving high-level positions. Overcoming the barriers is a task in undoing the mindset that has been instilled deeply within society. Introduction Studies have shown that companies who promote female gender equality surpass their competitors on every measure of profitability, yet women are failing to attain high-level positions. Possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between men and women in senior leadership positions can be found by reviewing current data on women in the workplace, studies on the correlation between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and literature on gender behavioral differences in the workplace. Women play an increasingly significant role...
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...Research Paper Gay Parenting and Assisted Reproductive Techniques: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Introduction Gay rights have become a prevalent issue within the last decade. In the United States, gay marriage has been legalized in five states. With this has come a flurry of accompanying issues that must be addressed, this includes gay and lesbian fertility rights. Many gay and lesbian couples undergo assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) in order to have children. In the United States, fertility clinics are privatized, this means, among other things, that doctors have the right to pick and choose whom they take on as patients. There is no guarantee for gay couples seeking fertility treatment; many couples trying to have a baby are turned away based on how a doctor feels about same sex families. As it stands, no physician or hospital receiving government funding can discriminate against a patient based on his or her race, color, religion or national origin (Appel, 2006). It goes against the human rights of the potential patient to discriminate against them based on their sexual orientation. How do anti gay legislation further conceptualize the idea the nuclear family? Using a Symbolic Interactionist perspective, this paper looks at how gay and lesbian families use family symbols and rituals as strategies to negotiate family identity in interactions with families of origin, social network members, and community institutions, as well as challenge hetero-normative...
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