...Confucius was a strong advocate for rites- he believed that they served to create a civilized society and a form of structure that was difficult to attain simply through laws. The concept of li, one that encompasses ideas of ritual propriety, filial piety and proper social conduct serve to reinforce the importance of this belief. To be Confucian indubitably entails participating in ancestor worship, a ritualized commemoration and sacrifice to one’s deceased relatives. Through purification, food offerings, divinations and prayers, it was believed that the living would benefit from the blessings of their ancestors. This essay will examine elements of the seasonal sacrifice performed in class with respect to Confucian ideals- it is of the view...
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...Abbie Nicholas #15 Asia 101 Departures Departures 1. Why is death “taboo” in Japanese society? Is your view on death different than what you saw in the film? In Japanese society, death is taboo. It is seen as special and sentimental. There are many rules that have to be followed. The rituals were the ceremony of the body washing, dressing in clothes and makeup for final appearance before the burial . In the film it was a custom that family members performed it. Community members usually attended as well. Funeral homes soon started to take care of the bodies and it became a less of a family activity. I believe it was often seen as taboo since there is a lot of pain connected with death. During the film everyone was embarrassed that Daigo’s job was performing the ceremony and burial. His own wife left him for a while because she didn’t think it was a job a respected person should have. “Death” was something Japanese people during this time didn’t want to talk about or know about. In regards to the film I was very surprised by the arrangement of the body and the ceremony. It was something I haven’t seen before and I found it really interesting. Sadly, I have been to many funerals in the United States and in Israel and the US funerals are nothing compared to the prestige of the loved ones who passed away in Japan. The Nokanshis changed this painful, sad experience into something that gives the family a chance to send their loved ones off in peace. I found these ceremonies...
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...Foundations of Mythology Short Answers HUM/105 June 27, 2013 Instructor Name Foundations of Mythology Short Answers • How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, “It’s a myth” mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. According to Harper (2010), "a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature. " Dictionary.com defines myth as a traditional or legendary story. The word myth is used to address what is real and what is not real in academic context. For example; some traditional and legendary stories are Santa Claus, St. Nick, the Easter bunny, and the tooth fairy. These stories became a part of many people everyday lives. The myths of these stories were told to young children to get them to understand rather than give them the full truth in details. A myth is a fairytale that is told to children to create a dramatic and more exciting effect. • Why do myths from different cultures around the world address such similar or universal themes? Think about how myths explain the unknown and the tribulations of mankind. Myths from around the world or universe are similar...
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...called a sorority, a word first used in 1874 at Gamma Phi Beta at Syracuse University. Before this, societies for either gender were called "fraternities." To this day, some women's organizations prefer to be called "women's fraternities." Outside North America, they are also referred to as "student corporations," "academic corporations," or simply "corporations." Fraternities and sororities often use the Greek alphabet to depict their name. There are usually various initiation rituals for new member before he or she is accepted into the organization and entitled to the benefits that come with that particular fraternity or sorority. These can include a close knit group of friends, access to on campus parties, job placements after school with fraternity or sorority alumnus, and residing in the chapter house—housing usually given to them by the college or university. The name of this type of organization implies that the members live and relate to each other as siblings, brothers or sisters, in a familial relationship. Indeed, one's student peers are like one's siblings, and many of these organizations specifically treat new members as younger brothers or sisters. However, in the fraternity or sorority there are no parents. The problems faced by these organizations, such as alcohol abuse and dangerous hazing activities, indicate that these "siblings" are still "children" in need of parental love and guidance.High school fraternities and sororities, or secondary fraternities and...
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...virgins and women in the play can be looked upon as hanging on to their superior male counterparts. The males dominated the society where their decision in religious, ritual and marriage was final. In this paper I will explain the choices Antigone was facing, family values and social status to further support my understanding. In Sarah Johnston’s, “Antigone’s Other Choice”, it is clear that male sexism was at the core of the Greek society. One clear example of this is when Creon responds to Haemon, confronting him with the reality of his bad deeds and mistreatment towards Antigone. “If you are a women; it is for you, in fact that I show familial concern” (Rehm 192-193). This interpretation of Antigone is centered on the conflict that existed between female autonomy and male authority. The excerpt revolves is about Antigone’s choice to hang her and the options she made. Antigone chose to die out of hanging other than starvation. The excerpt by Sarah Johnson, tries to explore the entire theme of female suicide and death in the play by borrowing a lot from the Greek culture. Therefore, the text explores the deaths of various famous females in the culture in an effort to establish the probable cause of Antigone’s option to hang her. Sarah points out that there is more to Antigone’s death than just the fear of death by punishment. According to Sarah Johnson, visiting the tradition of...
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...The Interplay of Risk and Resilience Factors in Childhood Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Introduction The emotional disorders are termed the ‘internalising disorders’ and comprise depression and the anxiety disorders. Although the emotional disorders of childhood are discussed as separate entities, in reality it is not that easy to separate them because there is a lot of common ground. The reason they are seen as separate entities is due to the clinical approach of DSM IV. Often, in any given case, depression and anxiety are both present to some degree and there is also often overlap with the conduct disorders. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is categorised as one of the anxiety disorders. In most individuals with OCD, the picture is frequently mixed to a lesser or greater extent. OCD is highly co-morbid, with most studies finding up to 70% of children with OCD having at least one other disorder. Most common are other anxiety disorders, ADHD, developmental disabilities, conduct problems, substance abuse, depression and bipolar disorder (Swedo, Rapoport et al 1989). Any treatment programs for the OCD child must therefore take this into account and tailor the approach accordingly. The nature of childhood OCD and special problems faced Obsessions are unwanted, repetitive, intrusive thoughts, while compulsions involve repetitive, stereotyped behaviours that the child or adolescent feels compelled to perform. In the majority of youngsters with the disorder...
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...Foundations of Mythology Short Answers Cartesha Campbell Hum/105 November 10, 2011 Joni Lawton, Ed. D How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, “It’s a myth” mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. * * A myth is a culturally important story forming a primary, foundational account of a culture and the individual's role within that culture. A myth commonly explains origins of phenomena; justifies and validates the practices or beliefs of a culture; and reveals the political, moral, or religious values of a culture. Every culture has mythic literature, but the best known are ancient and anonymous tales of gods and other supernatural beings (Magoulick, n.d.). In my opinion a myth is something made up, as in folktale. For example, the Lockness monster is a myth it has never been proven that the creature exist. Folk tales and myths are very much different because folk tales are stories told for entertainment and myths express beliefs held by a culture to be truth. The meaning of “It’s a myth” pertains to when someone is telling a story or symbolizing to relate to truth of the unknown of existence of the world or a higher power. * Why do myths from different cultures around the world address such similar or universal themes? Think about how myths explain the unknown and the tribulations of...
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...Book Review Summary of Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament by John H. Walton Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is Walton’s introduction to the discussion concerning the congruence of the Old Testament with the world surrounding it. This chapter discusses the history, methodology, and reasoning behind comparative Old Testament studies. It then concludes with the principles and goals each student should possess as he or she studies the Old Testament. His synopsis of comparative Old Testament studies begins with the resurgence of Egyptian and Mesopotamian archaeological studies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.[1] He then moves on to discuss the impact of Friedrich Delitzsch’s lectures concerning how the writers of the Old Testament borrowed from extrabiblical sources set the stage for many secular ideologies removing the special revelation aspect from the Bible. This allowed two things to take place. First, it brought out the comparative study of the Bible into a critical realm; and second, it made Assyriology, Egyptology, and Hittitology serious academic disciplines which have greatly enhanced modern man’s understanding of these ancient cultures. While Walton discusses several forms of Old Testament study, his opinion favors comparative studies. He starts with explaining the reasoning for sound methodological comparative study and moves on to answer the “why” it should be performed over other studies. In his view, it expands...
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...Running Head: FOUNDATIONS OF MYTHOLOGY Foundations of Mythology Short Answers Keith Stevens University of Phoenix Foundations of Mythology How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, “It’s a myth” mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. According to Leonard (2004), "Official myths like the Illiad and Odyssey, The Theogony- or the Bhagavad Gita or the Bible- are inevitably reconstructions from snatches of folklore and legend, artistically put together with an eye for drama and meaning. But real myths are, like one's own dreams, so fresh they are not yet recognized as myth or scripture and are fragmentary, imagistic rather than verbal, emergent, capable of forming many different stories at one" Dictionary.com defines myth as a traditional or legendary story. Myth is used in an academic context to address what is real and what is not real. Myth is used throughout society through stories and legends. These stories become part of our everyday lives through watching science fiction movies, reading science fiction books, and other books with mystical characters. Some legendary and traditional stories are St. Nick, Santa Claus, a stork, the Easter bunny, and the tooth fairy. Myths such as these are created for young children. The stork is easier to use to explain to a young child where babies come...
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...Hinduism Hinduism Beliefs Lindsey Painter Hum/130 Religions of the World Scott Matkovich May 13, 2012 Hinduism Beliefs “Our beliefs determine our thoughts and attitudes about life, which in turn direct our actions. By our actions, we create our destiny.” (http://www.himalayanacademy.com/basics/nineb/) I now know more about Hinduism beliefs from the research of this paper. It is a belief that believes in karma, reincarnation, and in one God. Considering that Hinduism lacks a uniting belief system, what makes up the Hindu religion? The Hindu's have always known this philosophy of freedom of action, for the reason that they had a perfect religion, a religion on which one aspect of God was characterized as human, and their various Deva's are nothing but various characteristics of human nature, each of them adored and worshipped. In this way not only God, but the whole human nature in all its aspects was adorned and worshipped. Hinduism, which is actually known as the Sanatana Dharma or Eternal Truth, has many uniting belief systems. Hinduism definitely has some uniting beliefs that all people of the faith follow. Hinduism teaches that all living things are Brahman in their core. In other words, all living things are Brahman, or God. Enlightenment is attained by becoming tuned in to the Brahman within. Only then can one reach Nirvana. The release from the wheel of life that allows access to Nirvana is known as “moksha...
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...Eastern Educational Philosophies Abstract Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are compared for historical, ideology, and epistemology, searching for Eastern Philosophy compatible to Western Philosophy. A research for possible influences on Education of Philosophy discovered that it was impossible to bring comparisons and even difficult to separate them into the key issues. Colonialism and Nationalism brings the two philosophies together. Even though the Western mindset can appreciate the fascination concepts it may be impossible to blend East and West. However, it is possible to juxtapose the very different philosophies as it may be represented in the arts. Even Western Philosopher who have been influenced by Eastern Philosophy, it is reasonable to believe it is the philosophers attempt to interpret Eastern Philosophy. However, it is impossible to replicate it. Instead the product is a hybrid and independent of either East or West. Eastern Educational Philosophies Eastern philosophy has a long and varied history. Asian ideas are among the oldest in the world. Great thinkers of the East have developed sophisticated cultural and political systems that have influenced other religions as well as western philosophy. This paper will examine ideological, epistemological, and historical differences in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Ways in which these philosophies have shaped higher education theory and practice are of major importance to educators. ...
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...Very few are fully initiated as a Santaro as this is a full time calling. When someone feels that they have an imbalance in their Aché it is the Santaros who perform a consultation called a Consulta. This ceremony uses prayers and petitions to the saints asking for intervention and divine help. These Consultas take place in a house temple, or ile, which contains an altar. Divination rituals are often performed using cowry shells. The Santaro throws them and discerns meaning from their pattern. Advice is given and is generally considered to be good for one month. Proper interpretation is essential as the reputation of the Santero depends on it. Ritualistic offerings often include liquor and tobacco smoke and may include the sacrifice of a goat or chicken. These offerings are given in the hope that the saints will intercede on behalf of the supplicant and rebalance their...
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...respects, the children of Cymbeline are perfect characters within the Elizabethan patriarchal ideal. The three of them have an incomplete parentage in the play, having an absent mother, and being displaced in the case of the boys. With the role of motherhood being so very important to child-development, the question becomes: how did these perfect characters get this way without the essential role of the mother? Of course in the heavily misogynistic society, the mother plays the part of enemy even in parenting, as the female body and character is something that must be conquered in order to successfully rear virtuous sons. In this play, this challenge is sidestepped by Cymbeline’s claim to motherhood. In Cymbeline, Shakespeare creates a familial fantasy within which the role of the mother is fully excised from the gender play of traditional Elizabethan parenthood, fostering purely masculine childrearing. Cymbeline takes on the role of the mother, embodying a purer space for child development that rids itself of the female body: the source of contamination to the ideal masculine character and form. This makes his children perfect in each of their respective personas, who are at that advantage of having a solely patriarchal parentage. In her essay, “The Absent Mother in King Lear”, Coppelia Kahn explores the effect of the also absent mother on the titular character of King Lear. Kahn’s argument is that Lear’s masculine identity deteriorates and fails to...
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...Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma This fascinating book is a true story that gives us details about the life of Pocahontas and the events that took place during that period. It also helps to distinguish important facts from mythology bordering this amazing yet vibrant woman. Pocahontas, the daughter of the chief Powhatan was able to cross the boundary between the English invaders and the Native American culture. Her life’s history tells us just as much about this strong woman as it does about the two tribes she lived in. John Smith’s rescue from Pocahontas still arise questions and has a lot of misinformation. In this book Camilla does not tell put the misinformation to rest, but she succeeds in a rescue of her own; namely that of the Indian girl from the hands of the other character Pocahontas. This story aims to recall the humanity that the myth of the Pocahontas stole from the real Indian girl. Camilla argues that the Algonquian girl was overthrown into the mythical Pocahontas to assist the needs of the settlers and supporters of Jamestown journey as well as interested spectators within the government and general community of England. Since that time, the love poets, advocates of American exceptionalism, and Hollywood tycoons have continued to twist the reality that the real Pocahontas is no longer in existence. According to Camilla, she “was as brave as all her people – but a real and complicated woman with her own plans, goals and ideas. After the affirmation of this...
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...looking good is everywhere around us: from magazine models to movies stars, the subliminal message is always present and has a great impact on the youth’s lives nowadays. The world’s pressure on these young people can become extremely dangerous when the obsession with their bodies gets out of control. Anorexia Nervosa is one of the most common life-threatening eating disorders among young people and is defined by a refusal to maintain minimal body weight within 15 percent of an individual's normal weight through self-starvation (http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=102975/ Nami, 2010, para.1). Anorexia Nervosa may lead to serious health problems and potential death. Fortunately, with help from professionals, therapy, family & friends, this serious eating disorder can be treated and cured, and the patient can return to live a healthy and normal life. Who does it Anorexia Nervosa affect and why? Eating disorders are found nearly exclusively in Western or Westernized populations, and mainly affect women between 16 and 19 years old, in secondary schools, colleges and campuses (Giordano, 2005, p.19-20). Our culture has changed a lot over the decades. In the past, being too thin was synonym of malnutrition and/or poverty. Slim women were considered ugly and unattractive. However, society values have changed. Nowadays, every woman wants to be skinny...
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