...from arresting, murderer will be happy; and the victims will experience pain. In fact, one murderer can bring pain to many other victims; therefore, even if the system may be fallible Act utilitarianism says that it is morally justified to detain the potential murderers. How does this fallibility affect the appropriate description of the “maxim” describing the use of precrime for testing by Kant’s Categorical Imperative Procedure? I.e., should the maxim to be tested include acknowledgment of the system’s fallibility? State the appropriate maxim. The maxim of the use of precrime has stated that every potential murder should be put into jail to prevent possible crime. However, this maxim will be wrong if there is no crime that occurs. The fallibility failed the maxim because it stated that there is a chance that no crime occurs; the alternative is that the murder won’t kill anyone. In fact, putting a person in jail won’t help to decrease crime if crime doesn’t exist at the first place. Act Utilitarianism will say that the maxim should not be tested include acknowledgment of the system’s fallibility if the pain that cause by the imprisoned person outweighs the pain of the potential...
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...excerpt, Macbeth expresses his fears to suggest that the threats to the kingship are “[the] frames [that] disjoint [and that] both of the world[s] [that are] suffering” (Line 2). Utilizing connotative diction, figurative language, and death imagery, Shakespeare reveals Macbeth’s deep desires, but also suggests a fear that he has to remain in power as king. In the beginning of the excerpt, Macbeth reveals that there might be a threat to his kingship because the “prophecy” that the witches made up is coming true. Therefore, Macbeth declares his plan to...
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...safe in the position of being king and has reasons to fear Banquo. This is understood because Macbeth states, "To be thus is nothing;/But to be safely thus.--Our fears in Banquo/Stick deep"(Mac. 3.1.47-49). The most obvious reason for Macbeth to fear Banquo is Banquo’s suspicions of Macbeth for murder. However, Macbeth says he fears Banquo due to his "royalty of nature" (Mac. 3.1.49). For Banquo’s “‘royalty of nature’ is a particularly awesome thing which makes Macbeth shrink pitifully,”(Long 1). Macbeth states of Banquo, "under him,/My Genius is rebuked"(Mac. 3.1.54-55). This “sad confession makes him seem like a boy among men,”(Long 1). He feels that Banquo is inherently superior to him. Just being in Banquo’s presence makes Macbeth feel humiliated....
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...Ripper were collected and reported by the police, but then the different newspapers with their political influences slightly distorted the stories to give them their own effect. It has been more the one hundred years since the last murder and there is no longer any more original evidence, and the "facts" about the stories have changed over time due to different writers or differing sources. The press changed Jack the Ripper from being a depressed killer of prostitutes to one of the most romantic figures seen throughout history. One fact that most sources agreed upon was that the Ripper was a killer who wanted nothing more than to strike fear into the entire city by horribly mutilating his victims and then leaving them in locations where they were sure to be seen. Jack was the type of killer that wants fame and loved the fact that his "name" was on everyone's lips and was able to strike fear into anyone and everyone's heart. In the late 1800's "Jack the Ripper" began his rampage of killings. He was a serial killer who murdered several prostitutes in the East End of London in 1888. The people of London, mainly the press at the time, dubbed this killer, "Jack the Ripper." The name was given to the killer because at the time of the murders, a person wrote a letter to the police and press claiming to be this serial killer, and he had called...
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...Mentality Transformed The short stories “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne and “The Tell Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe are stories that showcase similarities such as mental health and macabre. They also have two important differences such as murder and religion. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “Young Goodman Brown” one will read about a man name Goodman Brown leaving home to go on a voyage. On this voyage he enters a dark and gloomy forest where it is told that the Devil lives. He hopes to return to his wife and not be swayed by the evils lurking in the forest. After the night his faith and mindset are shattered when he returns home. His journey shows that the events that occurred can either be real or an insight look into...
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...sex is never revealed, he refers to himself as a “madman” within this first person narrative (Shen, 287). This piece is tightly written, short to read and it builds at a frantic and hurried pace and then climaxes abruptly. This leaves the reader craving more details and to wishing confirm the man’s motives. Poe’s story consists of the author’s unique ability to create grotesque inventiveness and superb plot construction (Shen, 275). Some interpret the old man as the father of the murderer and his act a release of built up tension and resentment toward him (DeBord, 1). There appears to be no familial bond in the heart of the man when describing the old man, he also lacks the rage that one would expect if the act were resentment fueled murder. Instead the old man seems to be a fond acquaintance of our murderer, because they reside within the same home it can be hypothesized that one or the other is simply a boarder in the other’s home. There is no malice, no greed and no disdain to motivate him, he even claims to love the old man. When one compares his actions to his personal account of their relationship this leads us to the probable conclusion that the man is in fact mad. But is it truly madness? The main character is desperately trying to convince us of his sanity yet none of his deeds are sane. His zeal in describing his lack of insanity only makes him appear more insane, therefore Poe is...
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... there are pro group and against group always trying to prove each other wrong, or maybe in this case, prove themselves right, much (un)like the prosecution and defense. I always wonder what goes into sentencing of a perpetrator or like the defense would like to call ‘a defendant’ (by the law of ‘innocent until proven guilty’)? More often than not, or from my little knowledge, I believe that capital punishment is mostly reserved for those involved in murder or serious threat to life, which is understandable. No one has the right to take another man’s life, or woman’s. But how does a judge, or a...
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...We have a strange situation in Australia. At a time when people seem to be more worried by crime, the research evidence suggests crime rates are not increasing. How can we explain this apparent contradiction? In a democratic society such as Australia, crime trends largely influence parliaments and ministries in crime policy management. If the media are found to be reporting an upward trend in crime figures, enough to unease the public, policy makers are put under pressure to increase punishment and change rules relating to procedures of criminal prosecution. Judicial decisions are intended to reflect public opinion; therefore a judge would then feel obliged to hand down harsher sentences (Pfeiffer, Windzio & Kleinmann, 2005). This, in turn, confirms it is imperative to address the substantial difference between the public’s perception of crime rates, and accurate crime statistics. As previous Australian and international research has indicated, a large majority of the public perceives crime rates to be increasing; they also have inaccurate views on the severity of sentencing. “The Australian Public overestimates the proportion of crime that involves violence and underestimates the proportion of charged persons who go on to be convicted and imprisoned” (Roberts & Indermaur, 2009). To help explain this contradiction in Australia, crime statistics have been analyzed and factors that could influence these inaccurate perceptions have been discovered. Two significant factors...
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...17 April 2013 Guilt and Conscience Macbeth appeared to be a noble, loyal thane to Duncan, before some certain attributes led Macbeth to murder him. The murder of Duncan filled Macbeth with guilt, which was a stepping stone to his later murders. After ordering the murder of Banquo, Macbeth began to feel more comfortable with having others killed. Having Macduff's family killed was senseless, showing that Macbeth did not care about killing anyone. The most important theme in Macbeth is guilt and conscience because they majorly contributed to his rise and eventually his downfall. Duncan's murder filled Macbeth with grief and guilt, which turned out to be just the beginning of his killing spree. He began feeling guilt before committing the actual crime. He says, “And wicked dreams abuse the curtain's sleep.” (Macbeth, 2.2.62-63) Macbeth is having preemptive nightmares before he even actually attempts to kill Duncan. This shows that he is weak to begin with, which is a quality that is not suitable for a king. After committing the murder, he greatly struggles to live with his guilt. He asks, “Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hands?” (2.2.78-79) Macbeth is in agony at the thought of the crime he committed, and he is having difficulty getting it off of his mind. Macbeth, getting anxious, says, “Wake Duncan with thy knocking, I would thou couldst.” (2.2.94-95) He wants to take back what he has done and wishes he could wake Duncan up, just imagining that...
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...After reading Richard Wright’s Native Son, one has to wonder who the ultimate victim is in a prejudiced society. The dominant group or the minority? Wright focuses on the affects of racism on the oppressors (Whites) and the oppressed (Blacks) in his novel and establishes in an ethnically prejudiced society, fear and discrimination will lead to deadly consequences. Bigger’s fears of White society would lead him to accidently murder Mary Dalton, setting off a chain of events that would end with Bigger being sentenced to death for his crimes. Racism caused Bigger to have an abnormal fear of Whites and racism is the true culprit in the death of Mary Dalton. When the topic of racism comes up, images of angry White men in hooded hats wearing white sheets, burning crosses in the yards of terrified Blacks come to mind, but it is deeper than that. According to sociologists Noel Cazenave and Darlene Alvarez Maddern, racism is defined as “...a highly organized system of ‘race’-based group privilege that operates at every level of society and its held together by a sophisticated ideology of color/’race’ supremacy. Racist systems include, but cannot be reduced, to racial bigotry”. Racism hierarchy in America society led to the subhuman living conditions that Bigger, his family, and other Blacks experienced during the 1930s. Bigger and his family resided in a cramped, rat-infested one room apartment in the Black Belt, a poverty stricken area of Chicago. The building was dilapidated...
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...The Whitechapel Murderer In 1888, there was a string of murders in the Whitechapel District of London during the Victorian era. People believed that these murders were committed by one man, whose name strikes fear in people's hearts even to this day. The Whitechapel murderer was one name given to this monster, but everyone came to know him as Jack the Ripper (“Jack the Ripper - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia”). Whose killings are filled with startling truths, numerous theories, and a multitude of unanswered questions. 1. Facts From the 31 August to 9 November 1888, five female prostitutes were murdered in a very poor area of London, known as the East End of the Whitechapel District. These five people were Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly. Who are now known as the canonical five because they were believed to have all been slaughtered by Jack the Ripper, especially because these murders were never solved (“Jack...
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...Even the bible advocates death for murder and other crimes like kidnapping and witchcraft. When the word death penalty is used, it makes yelling and screaming from both sides of extremist. One side may say deterrence, while the other side may say, but you may execute an innocent man. Today, one of the most debated issues in the Criminal Justice System is the issue of capital punishment or the death penalty. Capital punishment was legal until 1972, when the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia stating that it violated the Eight and Fourteen Amendments citing cruel and unusual punishment. However, in 1976, the Supreme Court reversed itself with Gregg v. Georgia and reinstated the death penalty but not all states have the death penalty. Thirteen states do not have the death penalty: Alaska, District of Colombia, Hawaii, Iowa, Main, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY (CONS) Death Penalty Fails to Rehabilitate What would it accomplish to put someone on death row? The victim is already dead-you cannot bring him back. When the opponents feel “fear of death” will prevent one from committing murder, it is not true because most murders are done on the “heat of passion” when a person cannot think rationally. Therefore, how can one even have time to think of fear in the heat of passion (Internet)...
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...Law- Murder is defined as an unlawful killing of a reasonable creature in being under the King’s peace with malice aforethought, express or implied. For Helen to satisfy the AR of murder (the unlawful killing) she must be the factual and legal cause of the death. We use the but for test, which shows if the consequence would or wouldn’t of happened ‘but for’ the Ds actions. As in the case of R v White, ‘but for’ him poisoning his mothers drink, she would of died anyway as she died of a heart attack, so he was not guilty of murder. ‘But for’ Helen throwing the firework in the room, Ian would not have died so she was the factual cause of death. Also, the legal causation is necessary, which is where the D must be the ‘operating and substantial’ cause of death, with no intervening acts involved. In the scenario, Helens actions were clearly operating and substantial and there was no break in the chain of causation. Therefore, she is liable for the AR of murder. However, to prove ‘malice aforethought’ and form the MR of Murder, Helen must have intended to kill or cause GBH, obliquely or directly. The Woolin test is used to see if oblique intention was the result. The test states to obliquely intend to kill, death or serious bodily harm has to be a virtual certainty of Ds actions, and the D must appreciate that death/serious injury is virtually certain of her actions. Helen may not have intended to kill Ian, but throwing a firework in an enclosed space was clearly going to cause...
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...to stimuli constructs our human condition and furthermore who we are as an individual. Whether it is positive or negative forces, our responses to these things influence how we are perceived by people. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet seeks out revenge on Claudius, his uncle turned step-father who killed his father and is now trying to act innocent. Although the characters believe in Claudius’ innocence and furthermore that Hamlet is crazy, it is in the final interaction between Hamlet and Claudius that all can see Claudius’ guilt. It is a natural response for some to react in fear with violence, as it is part of our human nature which can be seen through Hamlet’s driving desire to kill Claudius, his impulsive, accidental murder of Polonius, and in Claudius’ initial murder of Hamlet’s father. In the start of this play, Hamlet’s father comes to him as a ghostly figure and explains his unfortunate murder. After further explaining to Hamlet that he must avenge his unrighteous death, the ghostly fallen father fades into the darkness of the night. Hamlet’s storms away from the scene shocked, enraged and confused about the news he has just heard. His first instinct is to kill Claudius, to avenge his father’s death, as he has just been instructed to do. His father’s ghost says, “Revenge his foul and most unnatural murther. murther most foul, as in the best it is; But this most foul, strange, and unnatural.” Although death is most obviously frowned upon, his loyalty and honor to his...
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...In the tragic play script ‘Macbeth’ written by William Shakespeare, we follow Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as their ambition turns from good ambition like respecting their country and fighting for their King, to evil ambition, as they develop an evil flaw by performing evil acts like murder and deceitfulness. At the beginning of the play script, Macbeth is determined to do good works so that he will be well known and remembered. Then Lady Macbeth’s longing for the crown causes her to be very manipulative. She persuades her husband to do evil and once Macbeth does what she wants, they are caught in a spiral of evil doings. At the beginning of this play script, Macbeth does well in the war against the Norwegians. King Duncan orders the death of the...
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