...What is Federalism? As a country that is more than 200 years old, the United States of America has become known as the cornerstone of democracy within the world today. When the forefathers of the country came together to create what would become the democratic government today, they instilled a number of political values that are still functioning today. Federalism is one of these ideas. While it has its roots in Colonial America and beyond, it still has a place and can be seen in this country in 2014. The Cornell University School of Law defines Federalism in the following way: “Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government” (Cornell, 2014). In basic terms this means that the country's government is broken up into parts that handle various levels of concern. For example, the United States of America has developed a government that functions on the local, state and federal level. Since the layout of the government is broken into these three sections, then American can be considered an example of a country that is run by Federalist principles. With that in mind, there are a number of examples of how this ideal, which can be considered dated, is still functioning within the world today. The development of a federalist type of government allows the national level to deal with issues of national concern, while the states tend to deal with issues within their own borders. “The U.S. Constitution grants the federal...
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...The federalism is a description of a system which is in a same geographic area, two or more governments share power to rule this area, which can be a country or region. For United States, the Constitution grants power to the U.S government and each individual state’s government in the U.S. The federalism is originally from America during the period constitution was created, and it is a solution for the problems with the articles of the Confederation. And there was another kind of government was created which was anti-federalism. And after that the idea of federalism spread to the south America, Africa, Europe. And the dual federalism is a political arrangement which power is divided between the federal and state governments...
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...How has federalism evolved? Federalism is defined as state and federal governments sharing power meaning that the exercise of power is by at least two levels of government within the same country. In the case of the United States of America, power is shared between the national government and the subsidiary government. Federalism has been constantly changing especially through the twentieth century until the present day with power shifting between state and the national government. Such free-flowing shifts of power is often critically debated as some states may resist national policy that does not affect their citizens favourably. For example, people living in mountainous and extremely rural areas often blame the federal government for their economic woes as national economic policy is not flexible enough to cater for the great diversity across the country and so would prefer for more power to lie with the state. The argument against more state power however is the case of ensuring civil rights for all, as in the 1960s the national government introduced civil rights for blacks which was heavily resisted by the Southern states. A positive feature of federalism is that constant shifts allows more pragmatic policy making. If proposers of a policy feel it will not be accepted at state level it will be decided at a national level and similarly the opposers of a policy may prefer using state veto to prevent it being passed. This explains why throughout the twentieth century, federalism...
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...V SEMESTER B.A.LL.B.(HONS.) COURSE ARTICLE SUBMISSION A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development For the academic year 2014-15 Prepared & Submitted by: Submitted To : Bharat Singh (12BAL112) Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi Acknowledgment This study is the culmination of the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations. I gratefully acknowledge the support and inspiration of which helped me to accomplish this project. I gratefully acknowledge all the sources from which this report has been enriched. Though I have taken all efforts to make the report flawless, I take responsibility for any mistake appearing inadvertently. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development” submitted to the Institute of Law Nirma University, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi who is the Assistant Professor in ILNU. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the any award or degree. A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development India is the largest democracy which is reason of pride for every Indian. Democracy always reflects view of majority, so now question arises what about those people who are in minority or culturally diverse but still they are...
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...Federalist built the United States for America in to what the American people experience today and their main goal was to see America governed by the people and become a model for countries around the globe. American federalism is defined by the United States Constitution as a “fundamental aspect of American government, whereby the states are not merely regional representatives of the federal government, but are granted independent power and responsibilities” (USA, Constitution). However this definition is constantly changing and took a long bumpy road to get where it is today. The United States constitution was drafted on September 17th, 1787 and ratified on June 21st, 1788. The United States became a sovereign nation on July 4th, 1776 at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but they needed a Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were drafted on November 7th, 1777 and ratified on March 1st, 1781. This document was signed by the thirteen original colonies that made up the United States of America and served as its first constitution. After becoming sovereign nation it became clear to many that the Articles of Confederation would not be able to hold a nation together. Under the Article of Confederation there was a unicameral legislative that provided no separation of power. The central government appeared to be too weak because under the Articles of Confederation most of the power was retained by the states. Congress had no power to tax therefore, they were unable...
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...Assignment 1: What is Federalism? Student: Danny Franco Professor: Tracy Herman POL 110 August 8, 2014 Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson (2013), state that in America, political authority falls under both national and state governments. This division of political authority between the two entities is called federalism. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were in agreement that some degree of federalism was necessary; however, the amount of federalism that was to be written into the Constitution was rather controversial. After the constitutional Convention, two views of federalism arose. One view of a strong federal government was advocated for by Alexander Hamilton. He believed the national government powers should be largely defined and applied liberally. Thomas Jefferson led the charge on the opposing view. He argued that the federal government existed as an agreement between the states and that the national government should be narrowly defined and limited. These opposing views have been a constant source of political debate in this country (Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson, 2013). One example of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today can be traced to the state’s rights debates of the early to mid-19th century. The southern states were in favor of a decentralized federal government with the bulk of power belonging to the states. The northern states favored a more centralized government with the power residing at the...
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...The Role of Federalism In most instances, there are two views of federalism, Dual, and Cooperative Federalism. The history of American federalism is full of attempts to capture its true meaning in an adjective or metaphor. Scholars have generated many ways to describe many presentations of federalism relationships, theories, and arguments. Under the principle of federalism, two or more governments would exercise power and authority over the same people and the same territory. Governments of the United States and the individual states would share certain powers, such as the power to tax (Cropf, R., 2008 p. 105). The history of federalism, and its practices, offers a solution to the problem of diversity in America. Without a federal form of government, citizens fear they would be ruled by majorities from different regions with different interests and values. With the backbone of federalism, we live and apply federal principles and practices with a formal constitution. This expression explains the proper relationship between the national government and the states. Federalism in a diverse nation, ensures a balance for sustaining national cohesion and to protect the regional differences. Any attempts to extinguish regional differences may prompt a revolution. Yes, states are beholding to the national government because of the grant-in-aid, legislation, and judicial interpretations handed down from Washington. In addition, it is because of federalism that states maintain...
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...demise is often met with the lack of trading partners or hostility with neighboring cultures. Today, many nations in the world are in the transition from mono-cultural to becoming multicultural societies. The social boundaries that differentiate us become increasingly apparent during this transition. There’s a need for these nations to rearrange their inter-governmental relationships in order to better serve its diverse population. Modern federalism emerged in 1787 United States of America as a response to confederacy(Feeley 99). Federalism serves as a type of government arrangement that divides the concentration of power into two or more internal divisions, a central...
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...Assess the significance of Federalism. The founding fathers had to make a compromise that would satisfy the 13 independent colonies, meanwhile providing a secure central base. This resulted in The United States government adopting federalism. Even though federalism isn’t mentioned in the constitution, the principles of federalism are mentioned in various articles. For example article 1 section 8 displays the power available to congress. It contains the ‘elastic clause’ that potentially gives the federal government so much power over the states. And the amendments provide a list of ‘can’t do’s’ for the states. For example states can’t enter into treaties with foreign powers. As the aspects of federalism is displayed in the codified constitution, signifies the importance for the US to collectively follow this system. However, Federalism is a method of government that also allows the states to maintain their sovereignty, without the fear of intervention of the central government, unless they violate or clash with the constitution. This is evident as each state has its own constitution and its own executive, legislature and judiciary all working within the limits set by the national constitution; executive; legislature and judiciary. An example of a state constitution that has relevant articles to its needs is Idaho. For instance in their constitutions article 16, section 1 the constitution talks of the need for the Idaho legislature to pass laws that protect livestock from disease...
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...Dual federalism is when the states have their own responsibilities and the national government has their own responsibilities because it comes based from the tenth amendment where “All powers not constitutionally given to the federal government are reserved to the states”. In dual federalism the state would handle state matters and the federal government would handle national matters. By the 1930’s the New Deal policies and etc. came in and were used to improve the economy after 1937 Cooperative federalism came into play. In cooperative federalism both the State Government and State Government cooperate with each other to address social problems. Cooperative Federalism helped power struggles between the state and national government. Cooperative Federalism was used until the 1970’s when Creative Federalism started but to this day Cooperative federalism is still seen when it comes to welfare, health, education, highway safety and the...
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...Chapter Three Federalism: Forging a Nation Chapter Outline I. Federalism: National and State Sovereignty A. The Argument for Federalism 1. Protecting Liberty 2. Moderating the Power of Government 3. Strengthening the Union B. The Powers of the Nation 1. Enumerated Powers 2. Implied Powers C. The Powers of the States II. Federalism in Historical Perspective A. An Indestructible Union (1789–1865) 1. The Nationalist View: McCulloch v. Maryland 2. The States’ Rights View: The Dred Scott Decision B. Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865–1937) 1. The Fourteenth Amendment and State Discretion 2. Judicial Protection of Business 3. National Authority Prevails C. Toward National Citizenship III. Federalism Today A. Interdependency and Intergovernmental Relations B. Government Revenues and Intergovernmental Relations 1. Fiscal Federalism 2. Categorical and Block Grants C. Devolution 1. The Republican Revolution 2. Devolution, Judicial Style IV. The Public’s...
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...Itatyana Newson Mr.Alvarado 09/6/2016 The united states constitution guards against tyranny by supporting the ideas of federalism . Federalism a system of government in which power is divided . james madison , federalist paper #st , 1788 “ how does this compound government provide “ “double security “ to the people “ the central and state government will check each other's power . this shows how important federalism is and how it is used . “how does federalism guard against tyranny ? “ by distributing certain powers between central and states government neither could gain absolute power over the nation or nations people . The united states constitution guards against tyranny supporting checks and balance . checks and balance a system that allows each branch of government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent anyone branch from exerting too much power . It was important to keep control of the three branches to make it far for one or another .[ james madison , federalist paper #st , 1788] “each branch should have some check on the powers of the others” . this helped them keep track over each other . “ according to this document , how did the farmers of the constitution guard against tyranny ?” to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that they may be a check on the other ....
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...Federalism was brought into the United States during the 1787 Philadelphia Convention. Some of the states wanted to keep a looser structure like the Articles of Confederation whereas others wanted to have an amalgamation of all of the states into one unitary government. A compromise was reached; the enumerated powers such as to fix the standard of weights and measures. These are found in Article 1, Section 8 and are powers given to Congress. The principle of federalism is shown through the powers. The inherent or implied powers which are not stated in the Constitution, but are expressed. For example, the elastic clause (“necessary and proper”). Other powers are the denied powers to the federal government, such as the power to deny any citizens the right to vote based on race, colour or previous imprisonment (15th amendment). Lastly are the concurrent powers; these are shared between the federal and the state government. As federal law takes precedence, there are two types; those not subject to pre-empt conflict of the law (such as the power to tax private citizens) and other concurrent powers. This shows the principle of the way in which America is governed. The practice of federalism in the USA has differed over time. Between the 1780’s and 1920’s, various state governments all had independent sections of authority and were therefore equal. This system worked well as the federal government was smaller and not interventionist; mainly conservative leaning. This was called...
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...the touching political and economic challenges that the young government of the United States of America faced in the late 1700 and early 1800’s. As reflected from the video clips, John Green is seen to elaborate how central political differences had disagreements on federalism and ant-federalism. In addition, he explains to us how central political disagreement resulted in the emergence of Democratic Party. As evident from the video clips, it evident that when it comes to economic issues, Jefferson (Washington’s secretary of Staff) had vast differences with the Federalist (Video1 7). It is revealed that the Democratic-Republicans had a strong belief in protecting the rights and interests of the working class individuals in the U.S. This included the merchants, laborers and...
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...FEDERALISM | | Introduction Federalism has consistently revolved since 1789. The national and state government has shared different points of disagreement. The evolution of federalism is divided into the categories of dual, civil war, industrialization, cooperative and the current federalism. The essay will further cover the factors led to evolution and discuss how states and U.S federal government influenced the American politics. Furthermore, federalism is deemed as the power concentration on several individual states. Most of the clauses of federal government of U.S have been laid down in Tenth Amendment of 1791. Evolution and Factors involved in Federalism Federalism has consistently debated throughout the period starting from1789. The national and state government has shared different points of disagreement, but time empowered national government. Dual Federalism (1789-1946) occurred during the World War II. This era marked with two separate rules of state and the national government. The national government stressed on the defense dynamics of the politics where as states dealt with economic growth. Hence, national and state dealt matters distinctively (Romano, 2010). The Civil War (1862-1868) occurred, where by many felt that state should anticipate to dissolve the disputes. The other decisions include the issue of slavery; whether is legal or not. The states felt that the separate state government had the authority over federal government...
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