...DESIGNING SYNCHRONOUS FIFO AND ITS VERILOG IMPLEMENTATION IN HARDWARES Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement for the award of degree of bachelor of technology in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering [pic] School of Electronics Engineering KIIT UNIVERSITY Batch: 2008-2012, Group-8 Under the guidance of Mr. S.Padhi An End-Semester Project Report Submitted by: Akshay Prakash-804008 Avinash Kumar-804029 Ayush Bansal-804031 Barun Kumar-804034 Deepak Kumar Barnwal-804044 KIIT UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR [pic] CERTIFICATE This certificate is to certify that this report entitled “AUTOMATIC VEHICLE PASS USING IMAGE PROCESSING” being submitted by Group-34: Akshay Prakash-804008 Avinash Kumar-804029 Ayush Bansal-804031 Barun Kumar-804034 Deepak Kumar Barnwal-804044 in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor in Technology in “Electronics and Telecommunication engineering” is a bonafide work carried out at KIIT University under the supervision of project guide Prof. S.Padhi Prof A. K. Sen Mr. S.Padhi Dean E&TC Deptt. E&TC Deptt. KIIT University KIIT University TABLE OF CONTENTS: • ACRONYMS ………………………………………………………...3 • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………...4 • HISTORY ……………………………………………………………5 • ABSTRACT...
Words: 2636 - Pages: 11
...Management 600 Dr. Luce Blake Herner Brown –Forman Corporation Founded by George Garvin Brown and John Forman in 1870 Brown- Forman is now one of the largest competitors in the alcoholic beverage market within the United States. The company is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky and is still family owned to this day. While the company sells a wide variety of products they are specifically known for their wine, spirits and whiskeys. Under an umbrella of roughly 25 distinctive brands “Brown-Forman Corporation is a diversified producer, marketer, and exporter of alcoholic beverage and consumer products”. Their top sellers are “Jack Daniel's whiskey, Southern Comfort liqueur, Canadian Mist Canadian whiskey, Early Times and Old Forester bourbon, Glenmorangie Scotch, Finlandia vodka, Korbel champagne and brandy, and Fetzer, Bolla, and Sonoma-Cutrer wines” (1) www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories, Organizational Change and strategic Bourbon was the original product Brown-Forman produced and sold giving theirs the title of ‘ Old Forester’, which is still in production today. Bourbon was traditionally sold by the barrel directly from the distiller to the retailer. At which point the bar or pub would transfer the bourbon into there own bottles. Recognizing this opportunity and understanding the power of marketing using a differentiated approach, Brown-Forman began bottling ‘Old Forester’ making sure each was corked and sealed. This was the first marketing...
Words: 488 - Pages: 2
...Current Economic State Paper Jackson Kimberly FP/120 February 26, 2013 Kmiec Stephen Current Economic State Paper Introduction: This current economic state paper will explain if the current economy is expanding or contracting and reasons for that. It will also discuss the current prime rate, current interest rates on credit cards, current unemployment rate, and the current Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The economic factors that had led to a fairly good third quarter were only temporary and there was proof that the economy was slowing down in the last months of 2012 due to the skepticism over the impending fiscal cliff. Also, Hurricane Sandy that hit in late October 2012 was to have somewhat of a negative impact on the economy. There were clues that the economy may have actually slightly contracted instead of expanding. “The United States economy reversed course in the final quarter of 2012 and contracted at a 0.1% rate and was the worst performance since the financial crisis in 2009.” (Mataconis, 2013) . Even with the overall contraction, the economy is not on the brink of a recession or an extended slump. Companies are still spending. The economy we have been living in since 2009 is going to be the new normal. The prime rate is the underlying index for most credit cards, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, and personal loans. The current prime rate is 3.25%, federal discount rate is 0.75%, fed funds rate is 0.25%, and the 11th District cost of funds...
Words: 559 - Pages: 3
...(Dissidentnews/Worldpress, 2007). The United States dollar began at 88.86 on the FOREX international currency index in January of 2006. 83.67 is where the United States dollar ended at the end of 2006, a drop of about 6%. In 2006, the United States dollar fell 11.5% versus the euro, 13.6% compared to the British pound, and by 7.3% versus the Swiss franc. Central bankers are expected to move away form the United States dollar with regards to their foreign reserve holdings (Dissidentnews/Worldpress, 2007). China the second largest holder of United States debt reduced its purchases of United States bonds by 1.7% in the first 10 months of 2006. Venezuelan, Indonesian, and the UAE said they will invest lees of their reserves in dollar assets. Iran’s switch to Euros may be the greatest threat to the United States dollar. The use of the euro will surely spread to other oil producing companies as well, further damaging the United States dollar’s supremacy. As far as OPEC foreign reserves go, the share of dollars as a percentage of these reserves has fallen from 67% to 65% in the first half of 2007 (Dissidentnews/Worldpress, 2007). Factors Causing Trend Advantages and Disadvantages (Edgardo) Many countries in this world...
Words: 773 - Pages: 4
...Friday 29 June 2007 Change of recommendation Reliance Industries Earnings to provide a reality check We downgrade RIL to Sell with a target price of Rs1,300. We believe consensus valuation of its E&P assets is too aggressive. The stock also looks expensive on earnings multiples, given our cautious view on the commodity cycles and belief in rupee appreciation. Key forecasts FY05A Revenue (Rsm) EBITDA (Rsm) Reported net profit (Rsm) Normalised net profit (Rsm)¹ Normalised EPS (Rs) Dividend per share (Rs) Dividend yield (%) Normalised PE (x) EV/EBITDA (x) Price/book value (x) ROIC (%) 1. Post-goodwill amortisation and pre-exceptional items Accounting Standard: Local GAAP Source: Company data, ABN AMRO forecasts Sell n/a Neutral (from Hold) Absolute performance Short term (0-60 days) Market relative to region Integrated Oil & Gas India Price Rs1700.00 FY06A 812113 144050 96046.9 96046.9 78.5 10.0 0.59 21.6 17.6 6.60 13.0 FY07F 1053630 182100 115113 115113 94.1 11.0& 0.65 18.1 14.6 4.29 17.5 FY08F 982038 FY09F 927646 660513 126574 75716.4 75716.4 61.8 7.50 0.44 27.5 19.6 5.18 9.74 Target price 181809& 210725% 122300% 137078% 122300 100.0% 12.0 0.71 17.0& 15.0 3.48 10.6 137078 106.8% 14.0% 0.82 15.9& 12.3 2.54 10.3 Rs1300.00 (from Rs1250.00) Market capitalisation Rs2.37t (US$57.99bn) Avg (12mth) daily turnover Rs1376.07m (US$31.05m) Reuters Bloomberg RELI.BO RIL IN year to Mar, fully diluted Limited earnings growth We estimate...
Words: 18586 - Pages: 75
...Credit Management |Program |: |MBA |Class of |: |2007 | |Semester |: |IV |Sessions |: |33 | |Course Code |: |BKG 607 |Credit |: |3 Units | Objective The objective of this course is to provide the students with adequate knowledge about the management of Credit portfolio in banks. It will provide sufficient inputs to enable the student to develop an insight regarding the different phases of Credit management. |Reference Books |Author / Publication | |Credit Management |ICFAI | |Practical Banking Advances |H.L.Bedi and V.K. Hardikar/ UBS Publishers | |The Bank Credit Analysis |Jonathan Golin/John Wiley & Sons | |Frontiers in Credit Risk |Gordian Gaeta/ John Wiley & Sons | |Money, Credit and Capital |James Tobin/McGraw | |Credit Risk |Michael...
Words: 446 - Pages: 2
...The Current Financial Environment FIS/260-Financial Markets & Institutions: You Can Bank On It Michael Ricks When I first took a look at this assignment I thought it would be easier than it this. I looked for days on the internet trying to find banks or depositories with credit cards with variable interest rates. What I found was many banks with many credits all with annual percentage rates (APR). So to keep my insanity I just looked at three commercial banks. I looked at Bank of America, US Bank, and Regions bank. I looked at all their credit cards student, business, rewards, and secured. Bank of America credit cards Apr varied anywhere from 12.99% to 20.99%. Here is how they get people, 0% introductory APR for the first 12 billing cycles only for purchases. When that cycle ends your rate will depend on your creditworthiness. US Bank does similar and their rates are from 11.99% to 23.99%. Regions is in the same neighborhood starting at 13.99%, 16.99%, or 19.99% based on credit, but can quickly climb to 24.99% or even 29.99%. Every bank I researched, including credit unions, all based the rate that you would receive on your creditworthiness when you open your account. After that, your APR will vary with the market based on the Prime Rate as set out in the Variable-Rate information section of your agreement. The current annual percentage rate (APR) for a new car can vary from bank to bank, amount to amount, and year to year. It is not something that is...
Words: 1653 - Pages: 7
...current status of known reserves, we have approximately 40 years of reserves remaining? This is a startling fact when we take into account all the products that are produced from refined crude oil or from its by-products. Many people are aware of the price increases they feel at the gas pump, but has anyone ever considered the cost or investment put forth in finding new reserves? Under the right conditions, oil would sometimes seep up to the surface, but in our times, the search for new reserves is more costly and dangerous. When considering how the price of crude oil and its by-products are determined, one must first look at the quantities available and the amount required by its users. Crude oil by itself is not a valuable product. The products that are refined from crude oil are where the value lies. Crude oil is refined down into such products as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, propane and various flammable gasses, perfumes and insecticides. Some refined products from crude oil are also used as feed stocks in the production of other products like animal feed, plastics and other household items. With the expanding economies of various countries like China and Russia (Brown and Virmani 2007), the demand for these products has risen dramatically over the past four to five years. Many nations classified as third world countries are also increasing their need. Unfortunately for society, crude oil is a non-renewable resource, and we depend on finding new reserves to keep up with the...
Words: 1392 - Pages: 6
...Foot Locker Inc. Liquidity Financing Activities • Net cash used was $181 million in 2012 as compared with $178 million in 2011 • Repurchased 4,000,161 shares of its common stock in 2012 for $129 million • Declared and paid dividends totaling $109 million and $101 million in 2012 and 2011 • Representing a quarterly rate of $0.18 and $0.165 per share in 2012 and 2011 • Received proceeds common stock and treasury stock, 2012 and 2011, $48 and $22 million • Recorded excess tax benefits compensation of $11 million and $5 million for 2012 and 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Free Cash Flow Net cash flow provided by operating activities compared free cash flow. Uses free cash flow: • Measure of performance • Strength of the company • Ability to generate cash 2012 2011 2010 (in millions) Net cash provided by operating activities $ 416 $ 497 $326 Capital expenditures (163) (152) (97) Free cash flow (non-GAAP) $ 253 $ 345 $229 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Operating Activities Operating activities cash $416 million in 2012, compared...
Words: 500 - Pages: 2
...Valuing Oil & Gas Reserves The oil and gas industry presents unpredictable challenges for finance professionals in valuing oil and gas assets. The upstream sector, exploration and production, is often considered the greatest investment risk amongst all three sectors. When estimating reserves quantities of recoverable reserves are classified as proved, probable, and possible. Proved reserves are divided up into four subsidiary categories; Proved developed producing reserves, proved developed non-producing reserves, proved being-pipe reserves, and proved undeveloped reserves. Completed wells that are currently being produced are considered proved developing producing reserves. These particular wells are regarded as energy sources estimated with reasonable certainty to be recoverable with existing equipment and under the existing operating conditions. Providing volume, pressure, and production information proved reserves are held as the most valuable of all. Proved developed non-producing reserves consist of proved reserves from wells which have been completed and identified but are not producing due to lack of minor completion problems. The upside to PDNP’s is these issues can be corrected. With the help of mechanical repair operations or initiating production the reserves can be produced. Expenditures may be required on the surface in order to get operations up and running, but no additional costs within the well is necessary. Proved behind-pipe reserves are those that expect...
Words: 357 - Pages: 2
...o What theories of trade help to explain Russia’s position as an oil exporter? Which ones do not, and why? Russian is an exporter of oil based on various trade theory. First of all, Russia's oil exports as a competitive advantage compared to foreign counterparts. Since the oil industry must follow the laws of supply and demand, Russia is now in high positions. Russia has the largest oil reserves in the world along with Saudi Arabia, they continue to rotate the position of the largest oil producing country in the world. Russia is third country give oil and gas in Europe and now beginning to increase exports to the East Asian markets are hungry for energy. Russian oil companies have become major competitors worldwide. Thus, the percentage factor theory is applied. Russia has the greatest potential to increase the market share of the suppliers. In 2000, Russia exported 87 percent of its production outside the former Soviet Union. Moreover, Russia increased its oil exports in 2001, while OPEC cut output three times. If Russia succeeds in attracting foreign investment and joint ventures, the oil industry will have a competitive advantage compared to the state-owned company in the country does not allow foreign investors, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Interference theory of mercantilism theory is not applicable country size. Moreover, the product life cycle theory does not apply because the oil is not an appropriate type of products for this model. o How do global political...
Words: 643 - Pages: 3
...Persp-ective Richard Nixon/s Energy Policy To convince especially Republicans to rally behind the tion spokesmen and press conduits are claiming that Car ter's program is really "a more developed version" of Nixon's energy policies. The key difference now, goes the Carter Administration's anti-energy policy, Administra Nixon officially ended the method of market demand pro rating of the federal off-shore leases, which immediately opened up the offshore areas for massive exploration and production. The independents had publicly been demand ing this action; Atlantic Richfield and Phillips Petroleum had just testified to the Senate Interior Committee on the dependents with new oil reserves. Nixon backed up his action with an Interior Department report which estima. ted potential offshore reserves of oil at 200 billion barrels and 850 trillion cubic feet of gas. Such a large amount of oil in the hands of the indepen dents threatened Rockefeller control over oil supplies, as immediately after Nixon's action, well as threatening to bring down world prices. Almost environmentalist necessity of expanding offshore drilling to provide the in I line, is that Carter, an able strong leader, will be able to implement the program that the incompetent, crooked Nixion could not. James Schlesinger's assistants are leaking to reporters that "President Carter's energy pro gram is the product of intense secretive work by a tight circle of officials who drew heavily on ideas and statisti...
Words: 2233 - Pages: 9
...partiular carbons, to satisfy a growing worldwide consumption in energy? How do raw materials have an impact on geostrategy? To find answers to theses questions, I will first discuss about raw materials, specifically carbon energy, their importance and their “fate”, and then highlight the worldwide competition for natural resources. I. Our dependecy to Raw Material All our natural resources, except 2 of them, oil and natural gas, are doomed to exhaustion. Why? In june 2010, the European Commision releases a report on the “critical raw material” and their proven reserves worldwide. A critical raw material is a resource subject to a higher risk of interuption. Basically they are many risks factors: low political stability (Sub-Saharian African countries), lack of investment, local Pépin Loïc – ICC 3ème Bachelor CE2 conflicts or international disputes. Here, it's the list of “critical raw materials” and their proven reserves: Graphite (China), Cobalt (Diplomatic Republic of Congo), Tungsten (China),...
Words: 1717 - Pages: 7
...often deny the validity of the concept of ultimately recoverable reserves as they consider that the recoverability of resources depends upon changing and unpredictable economics and evolving technologies. The ultimately recoverable resource is typically broken down into three main categories: cumulative production, discovered reserves and undiscovered resource. Cumulative production is an estimate of all of the oil produced up to a given date. Discovered reserves are an estimate of future cumulative production from known fields and are typically defined in terms of a probability distribution. Discovered reserves are typically broken down into proved, probable and possible reserves. Proved reserves Although there is no single, commonly accepted technical definition of proved reserves, a commonly used description is as follows: "the estimated quantities of oil which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under current economic and operating conditions". A probability cut-off of 90% is sometimes used to define proved reserves, ie the proved reserves of a field are defined as having a better than 90% chance of being produced over the life of the field. In this sense, proved reserves are a conservative estimate of future cumulative production from a field. Even taken together, proved, probable and possible reserves are only a proportion of oil in place since it is impossible...
Words: 573 - Pages: 3
...may need the money immediately for an investment or immediate lending and borrowing at a higher rate from another bank could be much more quickly than borrowing from the Fed 2. Commercial loans(3rd) Securities(2nd) Reserves(1st) Physical capital (4th) 3. The answer is depends o other risks that the bank are exposed to. In this case the president is telling us that the bank has a very low liquidity risk that it has never had to call in loans, sell securities, or borrow as a result of a deposit outflow. However, financial institutions are also exposed to other risks such as profitability risk, interest rate risk, capital adequacy risk, credit risks, and foreign exchange risk. We will need to analyze deeper and look at other risks before we decide to buy or not. 4. No. When you turn a customer down, we are forgoing income from loan , which is extremely costly. Instead, we should go out and borrow from other banks, corporations, or the Fed to obtain funds so that you can make the customer loans. Alternatively, we could go to money market and sell negotiable CDs or some of your securities to acquire the necessary funds. 5. As a device for meeting withdrawals and satisfying reserve requirements, overnight loans are an alternative to holding excess reserves. As overnight loans become cheaper and easier to use, banks...
Words: 1307 - Pages: 6
