...Assess the Contribution of Feminist Sociologists to an Understanding of Family Roles and Relationships Essay Jak There are many different types of feminist theories but they all share a few common interests. They all believe there is a fundamental division in society between men and women, that women are to some extent exploited by men and that society is male-dominated or patriarchal. Oakley argues that the role of the housewife is a social construction and isn’t linked to the female role. The housewife role makes sure that women stay inferior to men making it difficult for them have careers. Women carry out the triple burden in the household; the domestic labour, emotional labour, and paid labour. As shown in the item most of this work is ‘unpaid and hardly recognised work at all’. Oakley argues the only way women will gain independence and freedom in society is for the role of the housewife to be removed as well as the present structure of the family. Wilmott and Young believed the family is symmetrical and that both husband and wife have joint conjugal roles making the family a functional institution and their research showed that men do help women with housework. Radical feminists such as Dobash and Dobash disagree with Willmott and Young’s theory that the family is symmetrical. They believe there are inequalities in the power relations between men and women so they see family as an institution that allows abuse and considering the risk of male violence women would...
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...Yet, theatre groups have also been known to provide safe spaces for those who have felt marginalized for society, including LGBTIQIA-identifying individuals. The stage has also historically provided the potential means of challenging these confining attitudes and systems of understanding, allowing for performers to explore non-traditional notions of gender and sexuality. Research indicates that both gender and theatre are both socially constructed, performative acts. This study aims at investigating how certain performers interpret these contradictory aspects of theatre and the interplay between theater and gender performance. More specifically, as a researcher I am interested in how students at liberal arts...
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...Alessandra Korber 10/11/17 Turnbull Interest groups and Lobbyists Interest groups and lobbying play a big role with the political aspects of America. Interest groups are super important with most of the political systems in place. Interest groups provide citizens with the means to channel citizen’s concerns with policy makers and administrators (Interest Groups., n.d). An interest group is a group of people with common goals who organize to influence the government (Interest Groups., n.d). A lobbyist supports and persuades the government officials to support the policies their certain interest group may favor (Rennie, Ph.D., n.d). Interest groups and lobbyist benefit us by allowing different strategies and attempt to influence one of the...
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...on pre-conceived ideas that generalize a group of people and place certain characteristics based on these ideas to every individual of that group. These pre-conceived ideas are stereotypes and by definition is a thought or image about a group of people based on little evidence (Moore &Parker, pg 122). Stereotypes are created based on some idea of abstract familiarity. A stereotype can be deemed 'positive', or 'negative'. Concepts of stereotype are rarely invoked in instances of positive stereotypes. This paper will explore the stereotypes and rhetoric that are associated with four groups of people: politicians, tattooed persons, feminists, and senior citizens. When looking at the one stereotype politicians is the ad hominem fallacy. The ad hominem fallacy is “the confusion between the qualities of the person making a claim and the qualities in the claim itself” (Moore & Parker, pg 173). Politicians are thought of as self-serving, hypocritical and dishonest con-artist. During a political campaign we see on the news how one attacks their opponents. The personal attack ad hominem fallacy is attacking another with negative comment. During campaigning it is bad because of the personal attacks on each other in order to discredit the other person. This is how they want to get voters on their side to vote for them. Politicians are a very unique group of people to explore stereotyping because they are probably the only group who uses stereotyping against each other...
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...predicted that it would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system, socialism. Under socialism, he argued that society would be governed by the working class in what he called the "dictatorship of the proletariat." He believed that socialism would eventually be replaced by a stateless, classless society called pure communism. Feminist Approach- a sociological approach which examines the ways gender operates in society against the interests of women. Feminism is the term that describes the feminist movement in society. It is also used to describe an approach within sociology. Liberal feminism aims for individuals to use their own abilities and the democratic process to help women and men become more equal in the eyes of the law, in society and in the workplace. By organizing women into larger groups that can speak at a higher level, lobbying legislators and raising awareness of issues, liberal feminists use available resources and tools to advocate for change. As such, the stand in contrast to Marxist or socialist feminists who believe the democratic process itself...
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...1. In The Combahee River Collective: A Black Feminist Statement. Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought Beverly Sheftall states, “We realize that the only people who care enough about us to work consistently for our liberation is us. Our politics evolve from a health love for ourselves, our sisters, and our community, which allows us to continue our struggle and work.” Sheftall is stating that the black feminist movement developed from the fight for equality for the community and other oppressed groups but these groups are not present in the black feminist movement. In her book Black Women: Shaping Feminist Theory, bell hooks says the feminist movement of the 1970’s was started by upper class white women who desired...
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...formation of the United Nations Commission on the Status for Women in 1946, it had been proposing a U. N. Women’s Conference with little success. Gradually with pressure from the American Women‟s Movement, the U.N. General Assembly declared 1975 as the International Women’s Year and 1975-1985 as the International Decade for Women. This declaration led to a growing awareness of women‟s issues and an acceptance of their demands as legitimate issues for policy making, both at the national and international level. The major themes of the International Women’s Year and Conference were-- Equality, Development and Peace. Equality, however, had been a dominant issue for the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women and it came primarily from the feminist movement of the Western industrialized nations. Peace was increasingly considered to be a women issue by the countries of the Eastern block. Development, on the other hand, was a recent issue put forward mainly by the newly independent “Third World” nations as a key to improving women’s lives. During the Decade, the important but previously invisible role of women in the social and economic development of the poorer countries was highlighted. The declaration of the International Decade for Women (1975-85) signified the new visibility of Women in Development (WID) in international forums. During the past few years, the term "women in development" has become common currency both inside and outside academic settings. But while "women...
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...or homosexual people. People's identities consist of many components, they are functions of belonging and identification with many groups and circles. These are complex, multidimensional integrals, which depending on the situation, some identifications or roles become more important, but never contain the multidimensionality of identity (although we are often perceived by others only through the prism of belonging to one group, which ignores this complexity of identity). This class increased my knowledge of...
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...different versions of conflict theory that has been described, the most common version is that the different social groups or classes have unequal power, though all of them are struggling for the same limited resources. Conflict Theorists assume that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between the competing groups or classes. These groups are engaged in a continuous power struggle for control of much needed resources. Marxism is the social theory that emphasizes on the on the notion that society is based on the unequal distribution of power and resources, and by a conflict of interests between the wealthy and the poor. The wealthy using their resources and roles of power to manipulate and maintain the social order. This is best explained a pyramid structure, where the few elite dictate to the large masses of society. Laws and traditions are made or designed to support those in society that have been in power, or the groups that are recognized as superior. Conflict theorists argue that all groups are born from conflict. For example, labor unions, which are developed to fight for the rights of workers, whereas trade organizations are developed to fight for the interests of the wealthy class, or business owners. This theory is opposed to functionalism, where each of the groups plays a specific, role in society. In functionalism, the groups cooperate, and this benefits society whereas in conflict theory they are in competition with one...
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...strong defender to this view is McElroy, who reflects this in her writing of “XXX: A Woman’s Right to Pornography”. Opponents of McElroy’s view raise moral concerns, arguing that the First Amendment does not protect expression that corrupts people's behaviour, therefore defending the suppression of pornography because it perpetuates gender stereotypes, as women are reduced to nothing more than sex objects which promotes violence against women and that men are viewed as “naturally” oppressive and violent and they are ruled by their sexual natures. Opponents also believe that even if pornography is viewed as speech it should be treated as a low value form of speech that is not entitled to First Amendment protection. According to the Radical feminist view, men are socialized to have sexual desires and to feel entitled to have those desires met, whereas women are socialized to meet those desires and to internalize accepted definitions of femininity and sexual objectification. As men cling to the masculine idea that their sexuality is an absolute expression of their need and dominance, they prevent women from effecting new attitudes, self-realizations, and behaviours. Radical...
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...than not their contribution in the human society has been ignored. This gave rise to the need of empowering women and hence the feminist movement. This research project aims to comprehend and analyze the very essence of Feminism in terms of the 3rd wave and in Indian context. It also analyses the myths associated with feminism and the flaws which lead to the ambiguity in the whole concept of feminism. Further, the paper discusses as to whether the term “feminism” can be brought under one general definition or there is much more to it. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION "A woman should be barefoot, pregnant and chained to a stove," stated Ben Glantz, a high school senior. Drew Pershing, another senior, also shared a joke, "What does a woman do after she leaves a battered shelter? The dishes...if she knows what's good for her!" Daily jokes and comments such as these, no matter how harmless, are detrimental to the status of women and a dangerous undermining of their accomplishments. Shared by both genders, sexually discriminative comments are widely accepted in society as normal and harmless. "I didn't mean anything by that; I was just kidding," whimpered Ben Glantz after receiving several cold stares from young women who overheard his bashing, sexist comment. The word ‘Feminism’ seems to refer to an intense awareness of identity as a woman and interest in feminine problems. The subjugation of woman is a central fact of history and it is the main cause of all psychological disorders...
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...Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hooks, Bell. Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89608-629-1 - ISBN 0-89608-628-3 (pbk.) 1. Feminist theory. 2. Feminism - Philosophy. 3. Feminism Political aspects. 4. Sex discrimination against women. 1. Title. FEMINIST POLITICS Where We Stand 1 CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING A Constant Change of Heart 7 3. SISI:ERHOOD IS STILL POWERFUL 4. Vll 13 00-036589 South End Press, 7 Brookline Street, #1, Cambridge, MA 02139 06 05 04 7 8 9 Printed in Canada 19 OUR BODIES, OURSELVES Reproductive Rights 25 6. HQl190 .H67 2000 305.42'01 - dc21 FEMINIST EDUCATION FOR CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS BEAUTY WITHIN AND WITHOUT 31 7. FEMINIST CLASS STRUGGLE 37 8. GLOBAL FEMINISM 44 5. 9. WOMEN AT WORI( 48 10. RACE AND GENDER 55 11. ENDING VIOLENCE 61 12. FEMINIST MASCULINITY 67 13. FEMINIST PARENTING 72 14. LIBERATING MARRIAGE AND PARTNERSHIP 78 15. A FEMINIST SEXUAL POLITIC An Ethics of Mutual Freedom 85 16. TOTAL BLISS Lesbianism and Feminism 93 INTRODUCTION 17. TO LOVE AGAIN The Heart of Feminism 100 18. FEMINIST SPIRITUALITY 105 19. VISIONARY FEMINISM...
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...This paper examines leadership practice in Nigeria from a feminist perspective. The paper briefly x-rayed Nigeria’s problems from a feminist perspective and come to the conclusion that, majority of these problems are caused by the default androcentric social practices allowed by patriarchy and masculinism, it is important to proffer solution to these problems using the same feminist theoretical frame-work. Hence, this paper attempts long lasting solution to the problem of leadership as it confronts Nigeria. FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE ON SOME NIGERIA NATIONAL ISSUES This section looks at some of the issues that concern Nigeria leadership and development problems and try to look at them from a feminist perspective in order to chart a new paradigm at...
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...suffragist Millicent Garrett Fawcett stated, women’s suffrage did ‘not in itself represent any extensive change for it would come as a necessary corollary of other changes’. From 1918 onwards, while the limited suffrage opened by the Representation of the People Act provided the vehicle for the changes British women desired to see in their society, feminists and people with an interest in women’s issues were well aware that much work had to be done in order to contribute to their progression in political life. This essay will begin with a brief summary of the state of women prior to 1918, as well as the aspirations and expectations of suffragists and anti-suffragists. Following this, it will describe how women were subsequently viewed as voters and political leaders by others of their sex, men, and the various political parties. The essay will assess how women sought to secure their interests, both politically and socially, and which methods were most effective. While significant changes for women did not happen quickly or immediately, this essay seeks to communicate the optimistic view that with time and the on-going determined efforts of feminists and other interested parties, women’s status in political life is becoming increasingly stronger, accepted, and respected. To understand the effectiveness of the vote it is necessary to first establish what women’s political status was prior to 1918, and identify why so many fought to change the status quo. Before the passing of the Representation...
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...2012 to 10th December, 2010. The main objective of this study is to describe what the condition of feminism in Bangladesh and what is the thinking of our varsity girl about feminism. Total 21 respondents were selected based on age class of 18-22. Feminism is a belief in the right of women to have political, social, and economic equality with men. It is a discourse that involves various movements, theories, and philosophies which are concerned with the issue of gender difference, advocate equality for women, and campaign for women’s rights and interests. According to some, the history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second was in the 1960s and 1970s and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements. It is manifest in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary criticism. Although feminism has emerged in nineteenth in the world, it is yet unknown to women of our country. The concept of feminism in Bangladesh has been rising since last 20th years and women got some equal right such as voting right, politics right, education right, job right, decision making right, child raring right etc. But, they got some right constitutionally, not practically yet. But, it is hopeful that we will be able to establish equal right within next 20th year. Key words: Equal rights, Secure Society, Establishing...
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