...Challenges before Indian Fertilizer Industry The growth trajectory of the Indian fertilizer industry has camouflaged the impending challenges with which it is faced. Growth and development of agriculture in India derives a significant stimulus from the fertilizer industry. Agricultural milieu in India could be jeopardized by the uncertainties in the fertilizer industry. The government is faced with the piquant situation, which demands a balance between the needs of the farmers and the fertilizer manufacturers. The challenges before the Indian fertilizer industry relate to the incertitude in the supply of fertilizers. There has been a surge in the demand for fertilizers in the past few years. Good monsoonal showers have led to the growth in agriculture, inadvertently increasing the consumption rate of fertilizers. However, the robust growth in consumption propensity has not been met with the required surge in fertilizer production. This has widened the gap between the demand and supply of fertilizers, which has led to an increase in the dependence of the country on imports. This also reflects on the lack of realizing of the domestic capacity utilization of the reserves in the country. Another important factor that has led to the stunted growth of the fertilizer industry is the rise in prices of the feedstock. The fertilizer industry is dependent on gas for the production of urea and phosphoric acid for the production of phosphatic fertilizers and DAP. The country imports...
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...agriculture into new areas, may contribute to deforestation, given current pressures on land use. Although historically sustainable, these practices no longer suffice to meet the needs of the current and future population levels and density. Organic sources of nutrients provide fewer nutrients than most people think, but they are usually excellent for improving other aspects of soil fertility. Inorganic sources contain only plant-available nutrients and therefore have no direct influence on soil structure or the presence of microorganisms. This is why agronomists generally consider it optimal to use both organic and inorganic sources together, a technique called Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. The main nutrients in most inorganic fertilizers — nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium — come from the land and the air. They exist in nature, but their plant available forms are not abundant enough for the level of agriculture needed to feed and...
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...Industry Specific Ratios of Fertilizer Industry 1. CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS TO SALES This ratio measures the operating cash flow of the company to its sales revenue. It indicates the ability of a company to generate cash from its sales or the ability of a company to turn its sales into cash. As operating cash flows increase, ideally, it should be with the increase in sales; however, if variations in operating cash flows are not corresponding to the changes in sales revenue, this may be either because of the change in terms of sales or inefficient or ineffective management of trade receivables. 2. INVESTMENT/MARKET RATIOS: Investment to Market ratios allow the financial analyst to recognise how other investors are responding to owning a share...
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...Fertilizes and pesticides have been really important to farmers all over the world and the consumption of such chemicals increase every year even though in Greece the consumption decreases. “Fertilizers are any solid, liquid or gaseous substances containing one or more plant nutrients in known amount, that is applied to the soil, directly on the plant (foliage) or added to aqueous solutions (as in fertigation) to maintain soil fertility, improve crop development, yield and/or crop quality” (International Fertilizer Industry, No Date). From the other hand “pesticides are chemicals used to prevent, destroy, or repel pests” (EPA, 5/9/2012). Fertilizes and pesticides have a big history which starts decade ago as technology improves the methods of using pesticides and fertilizers changes rapidly. The first pesticide according to Toxipedia (Katerina Lah, May 09 2011) was created by the Chinese around 1000BC and it was sulfur, the Chinese were using sulfur back then to control bacteria and fungus. Sulfur is also used nowadays from farmers in fungides to protect the plant from diseases. The next big invention again by the Chinese was arsenic, arsenic was uses as insecticide (Kill insects) and as herbicide (Weed killer). This category of pesticides is called mineral and metals, but the most important pesticides that humans use are the synthetic ones. The most important synthetic pesticides are the DDTs. DDT was firs use in huge amount in WWII to control the lice that spread typhus and...
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...Executive Summary Our teams goal is to establish how Agrium has transitioned from a local Calgary based Corporation to a large corporation with an apparent “Global Organization” model. We are interested in understanding how they have grown into a world leader in their industry. We will identify where they started, where they are today in mining and technology, and how they reach consumers all over the world while maintaining their vertical control from their headquarters in Calgary; by analysing Agrium’s history, corporate structure, and three key business units. At the end of this case study we hope other Canadian organizations will adopt the Agrium model when they consider expanding operations globally. Keywords: Agrium, Agro-food, , clusters, global, mining, and vertical integration Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 1 History .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Corporate Division ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Governance ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Board of Directors ..........................
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...with impact studies of fertilizer subsidy without first making an examination of the structure and dynamics of subsidy. This may lead to misleading focus and to seeking solutions generally in adjustment of administered prices. Substantial gains in efficiency can be realized by looking into structural questions of subsidy. The case of Bangladesh provides an example of how a proper procedure of accounting can shift the onus of correcting numerous distortions that arise from current practices, from farmers to industries. The case study also shows that farmers receive less subsidy than usually claimed and the hidden subsidy to industries is passed on to farmers. The Bangladesh case may represent developing countries in a general manner. Introduction: In the early 1970s, Bangladesh pursued a highly restrictive trade and exchange rate policy characterized by import regulations, high import tariffs, export taxes, pervasive quantitative restrictions, and an overvalued exchange rate, similar to policies of the 1960s when it was part of united Pakistan. The policy regime in the 1970s was especially restrictive for the agricultural sector.. Major reforms in markets for fertilizer and irrigation equipment markets were begun during the late 1970s (Appendix Table A8). Under the New Marketing System established in 1978, private trade in fertilizer was liberalized, leading to a large expansion in the number of wholesalers and retailers operating in the fertilizer market. The government...
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...Contents SUMMARY____________________________________________5 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________6 WHAT IS PRECISION AGRICULTURE (PA)?____________6 PROJECT OBJECTIVE_________________________________7 PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND VARIATION IN THE SOIL________7 WHERE DOES THE NITROGEN COMES FROM___________________________8 MINERAL SOURCES OF NITROGEN____________________________9 MINERAL FERTILIZERS _____________________________________11 WHAT IS SENSOR-BASED, VARIABLE RATE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT__________11 ENSURING SPREADING PRECISION__________________________________12 REDUCING FERTILIZERS INPUT BY SENSOR CONTROLLED SPREADING___________13 REDUCING SOIL ACIDIFICATION__________________________________15 CONCLUSIONS__________________________________15 REFERENCES_______________________________________________16 APPENDICES ________________________________________________18 SUMMARY To determine soil nitrogen (N) or the potential soil yield, management’s zones for N fertilizer management nowadays offers a large gamma of possibilities using different tools such as topography, satellite imagery, aerial photographs, soil electrical conductivity sensor, yield maps and intensive soil survey data. A good start for a farmer management, the satellite images and aerial photos which somehow may be the cheapest way comparing to other methods (in US case). The direct measurement in yield...
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...VALUE OF VERMICAST TO CONVENTIONAL COMPOST AND A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS by Marjonel F. Marges A Research Study presented to the faculty of Lumampong National High School-Indang Annex, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I INTRODUCTION Food Production is is the process of transforming raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries that take raw food products and convert them into marketable food items. Synthetic fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. Studies have shown that application of nitrogen fertilizer on off-season cover crops can increase the biomass (and subsequent green manure value) of these crops, while having a beneficial effect on soil nitrogen levels for the main crop planted during the summer season. Nutrients in soil can be thrown out of balance with high concentrations of fertilizers. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil ‘food web’ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil. Stability of the system is reduced by the use of nitrogen containing fertilizers, which cause soil acidification. Applying excessive amounts of fertilizer has negative environmental effects, and wastes the growers' time and money. To avoid...
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...pesticides and fertilizers has agricultural benefits. Plants feed off soil nutrients required for their healthy growth and development. Over time, if these nutrient supplies are not replenished, soil will be incapable of sustaining plant life. Fertilizers are used to put these nutrients back into the ground. Organic fertilizers like livestock manure improve soil quality, but they release nutrients slowly. Manufactured fertilizers, on the other hand, give soil the quick boost needed during the growing season. Pesticides also provide an agricultural benefit by controlling pests that can damage or kill plants, saving at least 8 percent of crops annually. ------------------------------------------------- Economics Use of modern day agricultural practices like synthetic fertilizers and pesticides provides economic advantages. For example, harvest yields are significantly increased, lowering production costs and making food more affordable. In addition, sufficient food can be grown to support a growing population, keeping people healthy and productive. Synthetic fertilizers deliver nutrients more uniformly and efficiently, are less costly and can be transported more easily than organic soil amendments. Pesticide production is a multibillion-dollar industry, and 40 percent of that manufactured in the United States is exported and sold elsewhere. ------------------------------------------------- Toxicity and Environmental Problems The pros of pesticide and fertilizer use are offset...
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...operationalize DBT in Fertilizer Subsidy “It isn’t the farm that makes the farmer. It’s the love, hard work and character”. We are so busy with our lives that we don’t take a minute out to think about the people who are the reason behind our living, our food and our life. We pay the doctor to make us better when we should really be paying the farmer to keep us healthy. We are indebted to people around us and not doing a bit to the people because of whom our lives are running without glitches. Agricultural sector employs more than 50% of India’s population and contributes only 14% of the GDP. This indicates the drastic inequality in terms of earning when compared to urban population who are mostly employed in either manufacturing or service sectors. Various governments have changed in the Centre and state has changed over the last 65 years without solving the crux of the problem faced by the farmers. Farmer suicides account for 11.2% of the suicides in India. We are still ignorant about it in spite of several organizations and activists fighting for the rights and the voice of the farmers. Their hands are tied not by ropes but by the greed of the intermediaries that the system has generated, who eat up the farmer’s income while it is on its way into his hands. The real cause of hunger is the powerlessness of the poor to gain access to the resources they need to feed themselves. Since agriculture is a very important sector it goes without saying that the fertilizer industry is one which...
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...anti-cancer compound sulforaphane, through the benefits of broccoli are greatly reduced if the vegetable is boiled. Broccoli is also an excellent source of indole – 3- carbinol, a chemical which boost DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells. It has the higher level of carotenoids in the brassica family. It is particularly rich in lutein and also provides a modest amount of beta-carotene. A high intake of broccoli has been found to reduce risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Broccoli consumption has also been shown to be beneficial in prevention of heart disease. Broccoli consumption is also associated with malodorous flatulence, from metabolisim of the sulphur-containing compounds in contains. (Stephen, James, 2009) Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields...
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...as improvements in taste and appearance. The information you need to know and consider is presented below in a list format, which we believe is easier and quicker to reference and grasp. Some of the discoveries made will surprise you. Most people will be amazed by the following information if they have no prior exposure to the absolute beauty and completeness of the worm casting. Basic points to start: Worm Castings are the worm feces. The castings are made up of live biological organisms. The organisms include fungi, actinomycetes , beneficial bacteria, pseudomonads , plant growth regulators, yeasts, molds, trace elements and the famous N-P-K ratings used by fertilizers, to reference the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and K (which is the chemical symbol for Potassium) quantities promoted by the fertilizer industry (more on this below). Worm Castings are harmless to plants (in any dosage), pets or children. You cannot ‘burn’ a plant by over use of casting, even if not watered properly. Pets and children alike can play in castings without any more damage than normal dirt. Castings have no odor themselves. There is a slight fresh dirt odor that comes from the dirt in which the castings were created, but in fact, castings do much to retard odor from other sources....
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...The Input Subsystem: Mango Commodity 1. Major Inputs Used Mango production is said to be input-intensive as inputs cost per kilogram in pesos is 4.8 and share in total, 32.9 %. The farm inputs (planting materials, chemicals, fertilizers – organic and synthetic, financing assistance and technologies) take up nearly a third of production cost; and another third of imputed costs of labor and capital account. Profit per kg is P10.00 (FAO 2013). Table _. Cost and Return Analysis per Hectare of MANGO Production, 2011P ITEM | Amount (Pesos) | CASH COSTS | | Seeds/Planting Materials | - | Fertilizer | 16,357 | Pesticides | 7,134 | Other Material Inputs | - | Hired Labor | 10,070 | Wages for Overseer | - | Land Tax | 791 | Rentals | 1,732 | Water/Electric Bills | 281 | Fuel and Oil | 1,726 | Transport of Inputs | - | Irrigation Fee | - | Interest Payment on Crop Loan | 1,133 | Food Expense | 1,168 | Repairs | 1,292 | Landlord's Share | - | Electric Bill | - | Others | - | Sub-total | 41,684 | NON-CASH COSTS | | Seeds Paid in Kind | - | Hired Labor Paid in Kind | 632 | Wages for Overseer Paid in Kind | - | Rentals Machine and Vehicle | 118 | Landlord's Share Paid in Kind | 3,037 | Harvester's Share | 610 | Lease Rental | - | Sub-total | 4,397 | IMPUTED COSTS | | Operator and Family Labor | 5,014 | Exchange Labor | - | Depreciation | 10,676 | Interest on Operating Capital | 5,370 | Rental Value of Owned...
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...designed to develop marketing plans and programs leading to the satisfaction of consumer want. The total potential demand is very high fertilizer taking into account the area cultivated .But in real situation ,demand is much high due to various factors .To reduce the market demand farmers have to be educated thoroughly the use of potential fertilizer. The feed the growing population in India, intensive efforts are to be needed to step-up food production from the present level of 200 million tons to 240 million tons in 2010 AD. Contribution of chemical fertilizer in the growth of Indian agriculture has been accepted as one of the major factors. Fertilizer consumption has been increased from a very insignificant level of 0.06 million tones of nutrients in 1951-52 to the present level of 19.14 million tones. Food production is also achieved as 200 million tons compared to 50 million tons in 1951-52. Regarding nitrogenous fertilizer, India is self sufficient to an extent of 86% of annual requirement .The requirement of phosphate is met by imports as the reserve or availability of rock phosphate is small in quantity .During last few decades many technology developments in fertilizers industry have taken place in our country. As a result, new fertilizer materials are also available in Indian market and use of which could help to improve the fertilizer use and save the loss of valuable...
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...divided into 3 categories Living essentials, Industry essentials and Farm essentials Presence in 4 continents Africa, Asia, Europe and North America It is the world’s second-largest producer of soda ash, leading manufacturer of soda ash in Africa, sodium Buy (CMP=318.10) carbonate, salt and sodium bicarbonate in Europe, and high quality soda ash through strategic acquisitions. The company reported the results of Q1 2012 indicating an 18 % increase in revenues q-o-q and a 0.6 % increase in net profits q-o-q. Segmental Break down of Revenue (FY-2010) Geographical Break down of Revenue (FY-2010) Soda Ash 1% Asia 1% 7% 10% 18% Complex Fertilizers 11% America 38% Urea Vaccum Salt 16% 72% Europe Africa Cement 26% Others INVESTMENT RATIONALE Growing Capacity Across domains •Expansion of salt capacity: 200K TPA debottlenecking capacity at 180 crores on track and expected to commence operations by March 2012. •Expansion of soda ash capacity at GCIP: Tata Chemicals plans to spend more than $100 million to expand soda ash making capacity by 400,000 tonnes •Fertilizer unit at Gabon: Setting up of 1.3 million TPA Urea capacity expected to be commissioned within 36 months I-shakti Success: First national brand for pulses launched in 2010 in 4 popular varieties clocked sales of over 1000 tonnes in FY 2011. Currently present in 3 states - to be rolled out to over 12 states during FY2012 Complex fertilizers: Deal with Canpotex will help in steady...
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