...The Industrial relations system is complex in nature. It has a number of key players who are very dynamic. These players also known as parties are commonly known as management (Employers), workers (Employees) and the state (Government). When these parties are properly organised in a collective manner, their power and capabilities will have consequential influences to the industrial relations system itself and even on to the society as a whole. This essay explains why the organised employers’ associations (the employer party) and trade unions (the employee party) are different and similar to some extent. The three distinguishing aspects between the two parties include their form of memberships, political linkages and their influence on the state and the setup of their objectives and functions. Two notable similarities on how the parties are organised in similar forms and the functions they perform will also be discussed. Firstly, the membership constituent of an employers association is different from that of a trade union. Looking at the definition of these parties would enlighten a better understanding on the membership of the organisations. In the course book, trade unions are defined generically as representative organisations of workers designed to protect and promote the collective employment interest of the workers. On the other hand, according to (Plowman, 1982) employers’ associations are “organisations consisting predominantly of employers whose activities include...
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...Chapter One Introduction of Business 1.1 The company Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd is the newly privately owned agro farming organization, will soon established at middle of Hemja and Lahachok VDC. It will situated at near the Mardi Khola beach with own 14 ropani land and sufficient natural crystal clear glacier water. It will firstly offer the fresh trout fish which is famous for boneless and with high protein and hygienic. Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd is established by four energetic young entrepreneurs with initial capital of 1core. They will be able to utilize the waste water into best productive assets. As Mardi khola is famous for Aasala Fish same like we hope our fishery project will be famous for trout fish. 1.1.1 Corporate Vision “ to exploit the useless natural resources into agro productive assets and contribute to the agro economics of the country.” 1.1.2 Corporate Mission “ to be the number one agro business organization in the South Asia” 1.1.3 Objectives of the Company • Establish the product lines that are eco friendly, organic and hygienic. • Use the resources that are neglected and wastage. • Offer product and service that are common to the customer, but without artificially added ingredients value added ie naturally. 1.1.4 Company Ownership The Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd will be founded and owned by Buddhi Karki. Being one of the MBA degree holder of the Pokhara University, the core interest...
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...From ancient times, chemical additives were used to facilitate the mechanical washing of clothing with water. The Italians used a mix of sulfur and water with charcoal to clean cloth. Egyptians added ashes and silicates to soften water. Soaps were the first detergents.[2] The detergent effects of certain synthetic surfactants were noted in Germany in 1917, in response to shortages of soap during World War I. In the 1930s, commercially viable routes to fatty alcohols were developed, and these new materials were converted to their sulfate esters, key ingredients in the commercially important German brand FEWA, produced by BASF, and Dreft, the US brand produced by Procter and Gamble. Such detergents were mainly used in industry until after World War II. By then, new developments and the later conversion of aviation fuel plants to produce tetrapropylene, used inhousehold detergents, caused a fast growth of domestic use in the late 1940s.[3] The use of enzymes for laundry was introduced in the early part of the 1900s by Otto Rohm. Only in the latter part of the century with the availability of thermally robust bacterial enzymes did this technology become mainstream.[4] Soap is, by weight, relatively ineffective, and it is highly sensitive to deactivation by hard water. By the 1950s, soap had almost been completely replaced by branched alkylbenzenesulfonates, but these detergents were found to be poorly biodegradable. Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LABs), however, proved to be both...
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...------------------------------------------------- Water in the UAE ------------------------------------------------- Impact Achievements and Ways Forward Introduction Water is the resource that sustains all life on earth and is a key element of sustainable development. It is essential if human beings are to enjoy healthy and safe lives or realize social and economic development. Ecosystems are also inextricably linked with water. Water sustains humans’ health, food production, and economic development. But only 3 percent of Earth’s water is salt-free, or fresh water. Moreover, nearly 70 percent of fresh water is locked in glaciers and icebergs, and is not available for human use. The fresh water that is available comes from rain or from rivers, lakes, springs, and some groundwater reserves, such as aquifers. With the increasing demand on water for all aspects of sustainable development, water is becoming very scares all around the world! * Around 700 million people in 43 countries suffer today from water scarcity. * By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water stressed conditions. * With the existing climate change scenario, almost half the world's population will be living in areas of high water stress by 2030, including between 75 million and 250 million people in Africa. In addition, water scarcity in some arid and semi-arid places...
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...Chapter- One Introduction 1.1 Introduction Unilever is a multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo-Dutch parentage that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever employs nearly 180,000 people and had worldwide revenue of almost €40 billion in 2005. Unilever is a dual-listed company consisting of Unilever NV in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Unilever PLC in London, England. This arrangement is similar to that of Reed Elsevier and that of Royal Dutch Shell prior to their unified structure. Both Unilever companies have the same directors and effectively operate as a single business. The current non-executive Chairman of Unilever N.V. and PLC is Michael Treschow while Patrick Cescau is Group Chief Executive, who will retire at the end of 2014. Mr Paul Polman will succeed Patrick Cescau as Group Chief Executive. The company is widely listed on the world's stock exchanges. 1.2 Origin of report Since practical orientation is an integral part of the MBA program, I tried to expose real life performance of Unilever by preparing this report. To prepare this report I have come across with different information of the Unilever. From the collected information I understand the company’s activities in the market as Unilever as in their internal preparation for marketing and others activities. I expect that this report will fulfill the requirement of MBA program...
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...Introduction Unilever is a multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo-Dutch parentage that owns many of the world’s consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever employs nearly 180,000 people and had worldwide revenue of almost €40 billion in 2005. Unilever is a dual-listed company consisting of UnileverNV in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Unilever PLC in London, England. This arrangement is similar to that of Reed Elsevier and that of Royal Dutch Shell prior to their unified structure. Both Unilever companies have the same directors and effectively operate as a single business. The current non-executive Chairman of Unilever N.V. and PLC is Michael Treschow while Patrick Cescau is Group Chief Executive, who will retire at the end of 2008. Mr Paul Polman will succeed Patrick Cescau as Group Chief Executive. The company is widely listed on the world’s stock exchanges. 1.2 Origin of report Since practical orientation is an integral part of the BBA program, I tried to expose real life performance of Uniliver by preparing this report. To prepare this report I have come across with different information of the Uniliver. From the collected information I understand the company’s activities in the market as Uniliverll as in their internal preparation for marketing and others activities. I expect that this report will fulfill the requirement of BBA program and provide a clear idea about the Uniliver activities and other multi-national...
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