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Fighting in Syria

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The Spring of 2011 in the Arab world was markedly different from its predecssors. “The Arab Spring” as it was called began in Tunisia and spread across the region (Al Jazeera). The protestors in this revolt wanted a myriad of things. Some wanted democracy, respect for civil rights, and some want Islamization of government and a movement to theocracy. Syria, once a province of the Ottoman Empire, is a small middle-eastern nation between Lebanon and Turkey. In March 2011, pro-Democracy Arab Spring protestors who were marching to decry the arrest and torture of teen graffiti artists were fired upon by police. After the shootings, many more protestors joined the public displays of defiance (BBC ). After nationwide unrest and a refusal by President Assad to abdicate, the protestors began to arm themselves (Semple). The violence in the country escalated so quickly that by June of 2013, 90,000 people had been killed in the fighting and that number moved to 250,000 by August of 2015 (BBC ). Into the fray came the self-stylized Islamic State. This terrorist group which is opposed to Assad is fighting to create a Muslim caliphate throughout Iraq and Syria. In June of 2014, the group claimed that it’s caliphate had been established, which lead to US airstrikes to destroy the group, thus entering another belligerent into the fight (BBC). The Syrian Civil War was killed more than 250,000 people and approximately 11-12 million of the nation’s 22 million people are displaced. Approximately 6.5 million people are displaced inside of the country, with ~4.5 million having left the country. According to United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees, the number of refugees by gender is roughly equal. Most of the refugees are minors (age 17 and younger) with about 5% more children than adults (UNHCR). The Syrians who are leaving their country tend to be well educated, with as many as 86% being educated at the secondary or university level (Basheer). The group also tends to be young. Of the adults, most are in their late 20’s and early 30’s. These well-educated, young groups of people are the norm of the refugees leaving Syria. They are not poor, uneducated, people fleeing from camp to camp, but instead are a vibrant group, ready to contribute to their host nations. There are many push factors at play in this refugee crisis. Bombings by the Assad regime, the US coalition, Russia, and ISIS are common. With gunfights, barrel bombs, and air strikes common, there is a definite lack of internal security in that nation and it has pushed many to leave their country (Semple). Other than the violence, there are many other factors that are pushing the emigrants from their nation. The education system in Syria is in ruins. According to Joel Bubbers, the British Council Director for Syria, “lack of education and opportunity for the future is cited by many as a leading reason for undertaking the perilous journey” (2015). The destruction of the educational system has been a major push force for emigration since 2011. Five years after the Syrian Civil Wars beginning, people continue to move from the country. One theory is that a major push factor is not a threat of violence or a bomb, but instead a change in expectations. People are coming to realize that this is a generational struggle and many of them are leaving Syria because they have come to the conclusion that they will never know peace there (Kesteren). Most of the refugees move from Syria to a neighboring country for a short time before moving forward on their exodus. Many move to Germany, Sweden, and Canada. These nations have higher technical economies and slow or negative population growth. The influx of young, well-educated workers are thought to be a boon to their respective economies (McHugh). These host nations have many pull factors which draw immigrants to their doors. According to the German government’s Statistisches Bundesamt, the population of the nation is in a desperate decline. Without a significant amount of immigration, the population of the nation will plummet below 68 million people with an average age of over 50 years by 2060. Because the nation knows that it has a population problem, it has created a scenario that it hopes will draw young people to the country. Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, has spent much time attempting to draw Syrian refugees to her country. While there has been a major backlash, especially by lower skilled citizens, many have either no opinion or a somewhat high opinion on of immigration of Syrians. Other pull factors that host nations have include jobs, healthcare, publicly sponsored education, and civil rights protections. These factors are the very things that are missing in Syria, thus causing a push. Many people who live in host nations are often worried that the immigrant refugees will take jobs from natives and displace them in the workforce. According to John Cassidy, of the New Yorker, there has been little effect on unemployment of natives from limited immigration(2015). Healthcare in Western Europe and North America is significantly more advanced than that in Syria.

Works Cited
Al Jazeera. "Protests hit Tunisia amid mourning." 21 JAN 2011. www.aljazeera.com/news. 20 02 2016 <http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/01/2011121104023232257.html>.
BBC . "Syria: the Story of the Conflict." 3 FEB 2016. BBC News: Middle East. 21 FEB 2016 <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868>.
Gilsinan, Kathly. "The Confused Person's Guide to the Syrian Civil War." 09 OCT 2015. The Atlantic. 20 FEB 2016 <http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/syrian-civil-war-guide-isis/410746/>.
Semple, Kirk. "Fleeing the Bombs in Aleppo, Syra, and Ending Up in New Jersey." 04 JAN 2014. The New York Times. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/nyregion/fleeing-syria-and-ending-up-in-new-jersey.html?action=click&module=Search&region=searchResults&mabReward=relbias%3Ar&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%3Faction%3Dclick%26region%3DMasthea>.
UNHCR. Syria Regional Refugee Response. 20 FEB 2016. 20 FEB 2016 <http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php#>.

Works Cited
Al Jazeera. "Protests hit Tunisia amid mourning." 21 JAN 2011. www.aljazeera.com/news. 20 02 2016 <http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/01/2011121104023232257.html>.
BBC . "Syria: the Story of the Conflict." 3 FEB 2016. BBC News: Middle East. 21 FEB 2016 <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868>.
Gilsinan, Kathly. "The Confused Person's Guide to the Syrian Civil War." 09 OCT 2015. The Atlantic. 20 FEB 2016 <http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/syrian-civil-war-guide-isis/410746/>.
Semple, Kirk. "Fleeing the Bombs in Aleppo, Syra, and Ending Up in New Jersey." 04 JAN 2014. The New York Times. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/nyregion/fleeing-syria-and-ending-up-in-new-jersey.html?action=click&module=Search&region=searchResults&mabReward=relbias%3Ar&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%3Faction%3Dclick%26region%3DMasthea>.
UNHCR. Syria Regional Refugee Response. 20 FEB 2016. 20 FEB 2016 <http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php#>.

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