...Capital Expenditures & Revenue Expenditures Veronica rowe XACC/291 Jan 29, 2014 Shontell Chrisman Capital Expenditures & Revenue Expenditures Capital expenditures; a sum spent to procure or development of a long term asset, such as buildings or equipment. Under normal accounting methods the cost is put under equipment, plant, property. Everything except the cost of land can be charged as depreciation expenditure over the useful life of the asset. Capital expenditures are put on financial report as an asset on balance sheet. Capital expenditure rewards are spread over several accounting periods. Capital expenditures can include replacement cost to delivery cost, legal charges and everything in between. Revenue expenditures; are amounts distributed out instantaneously, they match entries of the existing accounting period. Scheduled maintenance is a revenue expense, because they are charged without waiting to an account like maintenance and repairs expenditures. Major repairs do not affect the life of the asset. Revenue expenditures are put on financial report on the income statement. Revenue expenditures may include maintenance charge, repair, and renewal and everything in between. Both are classified as assets. The difference between the source of Capital and Revenue expenditures is special, because Capital is comprised of cost related to fixed assets, and Revenue expenditures affect is temporary, they come often and contains no physical presence, and does not...
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...daily incur revenue expenditures to upkeep their operating efficiency and productive life of an asset. Expenditures are unavoidable as well as they are very necessary to expand the business. Expenditures are payments of cash or cash equivalent for goods or services. The difference between revenue and capital expenditures is that revenue expenditures are expenses that are immediately charged against revenue as expenses. Regular and periodic repairs are revenue expenditures because they are charged directly to specific accounts. Examples of these accounts would be Repairs and Maintenance Expense. Capital expenditures are expenditures will increase the company’s investment primarily in productive facility. A capital expenditure is an amount spent to attain or improve a long term asset such as buildings or equipment. When recording capital expenditure, it is usually recorded in accounts classified or titled as Property, Plant and Equipment. Generally, because capital expenditures provide income for the company over a period of years, companies are not allowed to deduct the full cost of the asset in the year the expense is incurred. Revenue expenses typically are shorter term expenses because they always required to meet the ongoing operational costs of running a business. (Investopedia, 2015) The contrasting factor of capital and revenue expenditures is that revenue expenditures can be fully tax deducted in the same year the expense occurred. Revenue expenditures can be considered...
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...declined post the 1st quarter in 2000, CFO Sullivan used the following accounting tactics to achieve targeted performance: 1. Accrual releases: Accounting principles require companies to estimate expected payments from line costs and match them with revenues in the income statement. Throughout 1999 and 2000, Sullivan told staff to release accruals which too high compared to the relative cash payments. Over a 7 quarter period between 1999 and 2000, Worldcom released $3.3 billion worth of accruals. 2. Expense capitalization: The above tactic could not be used by the end of 1st quarter of 2001 as few accruals were left to release. Sullivan devised a creative solution which started identifying costs of excess network capacity as capital expenditure rather than as an operating cost....
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...New Heritage Doll Company – Capital Budgeting Harvard Business School – Case 4214 The New Heritage Doll Company’s production division has been has given the responsibility of evaluating two proposals for new projects. The first project expands on a current “Match My Doll Clothing Line”, and the second involves creating a fully customized doll under the “Design Your Own Doll” proposal. Proposal Backgrounds Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion (MMDCLE) The Match My Doll Expansion includes the further development of an already establish, successful doll line. The original line included limited outfits and accessories for warm weather only. It had become a popular line once celebrity children were photographed wearing the clothing and also when prevalent magazines showcased the items in the trendy clothing sections. The brand manager of this line has expressed her belief that this publicity will help the sales of the new “All Seasonal Collection” clothing take off. The new clothing expands the line from only warm weather apparel to clothing and accessories for all seasons. The supplier prices for the material to produce this clothing is low and will help the bottom line as selling price for the dolls/clothing can be at a premium due to the current buzz around the products. This line will also help end the seasonal sales that New Heritage has been experiencing due sales of only summer related items. The new expansion will however require high research and development...
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...Research and Development (R&D) 1. Specific areas in which R&D was carried out: § Design, development and type tests on 12kV panels for withstanding 25kA, 1s internal arc fault, 12kV, 4000A, 40kA Panel & VCB and bushing for R.M.U. to withstand 20kA, 0.1s internal arc fault. § Design, development and type tests of cost effective 36kV OVCB and compact substation. § Development of 420kV, 63kA DBR & ES successfully. § DTC projects for 420kV/245kV/145kV for DBR, HCB & 420/245kV PG. § Cost effective circuit breakers of 400 kV & 400 kV 63 kA range were designed developed and tested. § New product development – Prototype development of 1.73 MW motor. § Frame size 500 developed for launch in this Financial Year 2010-11. § Motors for IE2 and IE3 efficiency class developed and is under testing in Germany, FS 71 to FS 355. § Launch of CACA design in medium voltage. § Design of switched mode power supplies for industrial and railway applications. § Design of battery chargers / earth leakage relay for railway applications. § Development of dry type multi-secondary transformer of 3500kVA for MV drives. § Development of Drive Control Cabinet for 10 Cubic meter Electric Mining Shovels. § Development of LV Drives Sinamics V50 55kW to 500kW. § Development of Traction / Electrical cabinets for 4500HP Diesel Locomotive Control. § Localization of MV Drives Perfect Harmony 500kVA to 3500kVA. § Localization of counting Head for...
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...Depreciation - Interest Income Reasons for Increased Use 1. The multiple can be computed even for firms that are reporting net losses, since earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation are usually positive. 2. For firms in certain industries, such as cellular, which require a substantial investment in infrastructure and long gestation periods, this multiple seems to be more appropriate than the price/earnings ratio. 3. In leveraged buyouts, where the key factor is cash generated by the firm prior to all discretionary expenditures, the EBITDA is the measure of cash flows from operations that can be used to support debt payment at least in the short term. 4. By looking at cashflows prior to capital expenditures, it may provide a better estimate of “optimal value”, especially if the capital expenditures are unwise or earn substandard returns. 5. By looking at the value of the firm and cashflows to the firm it allows for comparisons across firms with different financial leverage. Value/EBITDA Multiples: September 1997 Value/EBITDA Multiples: September 1997 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Std. Dev = 14.65 Mean = 12 N = 3820.00 VEBITDA The Determinants of Value/EBITDA Multiples: Linkage to DCF Valuation l Firm value can be written as: FCFF1 V0 = WACC - g l The numerator can be written as follows: FCFF = EBIT (1-t) - (Cex - Depr) - ∆ Working Capital = (EBITDA - Depr) (1-t) - (Cex - Depr) - ∆ Working Capital = EBITDA (1-t) + Depr (t) - Cex - ∆ Working Capital From...
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...must make a recommendation on a large expansion project. Discounted cash flow analysis is required. In addition to the assumptions and scenarios in the case, assume that, due to increased competition, the U.S grocery chain can only guarantee 33% of the increased sales unless they receive a $0.20 per pizza reduction in price. With this deduction, they will be able to guarantee 50% of the original increased sales. Should you reduce the price? Explain. In late May, 1995, Danielle Knowles, vice-president of operations for Laurentian Bakeries Inc., was preparing a capital expenditure proposal to expand the company’s frozen pizza plant in Winnipeg Manitoba. If the opportunity to expand into the U.S. frozen pizza market was taken, the company would need extra capacity. A detailed analysis, including a net present value calculation, was required by the company’s Capital Allocation Policy for all capital expenditures in order to ensure that projects were both profitable and consistent with corporate strategies. COMPANY BACKGROUHD Established in 1984, Laurentian Bakeries Inc. (Laurentian) manufactured a variety of frozen baked food products at plants in Winnipeg (pizzas), Toronto (cakes) and Montreal (pies). While each plant operated as a profit center, they shared a common sales force located at the company’ head office in Montreal. Although the Toronto plant was responsible for over 40% of corporate revenues in fiscal 1994, and the other plants was accounted for about 30% each...
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...Surgery Unit Director who is getting ready to prepare a capital expenditure funding program for the coming year. His unit is too small and is running at over 90% capacity, so Ted wants more room. On the other hand, a cardiology surgeon at the hospital wants to create a new cardiac surgery program that would require extensive funding for new state-of-the-art equipment. Therefore, the surgeon has been campaigning with the hospital board members (Baker & Baker, 2011). Furthermore, Ted will need valuable information and will need to have a great strategy to prepare the capital expenditure funding program. Baker & Baker (2011) explains, “Capital expenditures involve the acquisition of assets that are long lasting, such as equipment, buildings, and land. Therefore, capital expenditure budgets are usually intended to plan, monitor, and control long-term financial issues” (p. 177, para 1). While Ted is preparing a capital expenditure budget proposal, there are four requests he should ask for upon creating the proposal. First and foremost, Ted should compose a timeline to show when his unit will open along with justification of the need for the proposal based on firm estimates of future needs (Department of Premier and Cabinet, December 2010, p. 9). A timeline will be able to let the others see his plan more clearly. In addition, Ted should also ask for the hospital’s guidelines and criteria for preparing a capital expenditure funding program. Baker & Baker (2011) states, “Some organizations...
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...Chapter 08 Business Income, Deductions, and Accounting Methods True / False Questions 1. The Internal Revenue Code authorizes deductions for trade or business activities if the expenditure is "ordinary and necessary". True False 2. Business activities are distinguished from other activities in that business activities are motivated by the pursuit of profits. True False 3. The phase "ordinary and necessary" has been defined to mean that an expense must be essential and indispensable to the conduct of a business. True False 4. Reasonable in amount means that expenditures can be exorbitant as long as the activity is motivated by profit. True False 5. The test for whether an expenditure is reasonable in amount is whether the expenditure was for an "arm's length" amount. True False 6. Illegal bribes and kickbacks are not deductible as business expenses, but this prohibition does not include fines incurred in the ordinary course of business. True False 7. Although expenses associated with illegal activities are not deductible, political contributions can be deducted as long as the donation is not made to a candidate for public office. True False 8. When a taxpayer borrows money and invests the loan proceeds in municipal bonds, the interest paid by the taxpayer on the debt will not be deductible. True False 9. Employees cannot deduct the cost of uniforms if the uniforms are also appropriate for normal...
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...Sainsbury’s it to record financial transactions, actual or planned. By using the figures given you can produce financial information. Here are some reasons why accounting in a business is important. Recording transactions is important for Sainsbury’s because by keeping up to date records this will allow them to have a smooth running business. Monitoring activity is important for Sainsbury’s because there records will be updated on a daily basis and by using monitor activity it will provide good information on how Sainsbury’s is doing in paying expenses, sales and receiving payment. Another reason why accounting is important for Sainsbury’s because it provides managers important information for decision making. Also it is important for accounting in Sainsbury’s because Sainsbury’s need to provide up to date information to the stakeholders about financial information. P2: Difference between Revenue Income, Revenue Expenditure, Capital Income and Capital Expenditure. Capital income: Capital income is when money is invested by other investors or by the owner to buy equipment and start up a business. The equipment brought will stay in a business long and medium periods of time for example equipment, premises and vehicles and they are called fixed assets. When you buy opining stock the money will come out of the capital income and after a month or so your stock will be paid by revenue income. Capital expenditure: Capital expenditure is the amount of money spent...
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...ILM Level 5 Award in Leadership and Management Unit 502 Making A Financial Case Assignment Assignment This cover sheet must preface every assessment submission; it is a regulatory requirement that every assessment is authenticated as the work of the named learner. Any submission without this sheet being completed will not be marked or verified. Centre Name | Dove Nest Group | Centre Number | 042814 | Learner Name | | Unit Covered in this Submission | 502 – Making A Financial Case | Date Submitted | | Statement of confirmation of authenticity By the act of making this submission, the learner certifies that this is the work of the learner named above. The work has not, in whole or in part, been knowingly presented elsewhere for assessment, or where assessment has been built on a previous assessment, this has been identified. Where materials have been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged. If this statement is untrue, the learner acknowledges that an assessment offence has been committed. Attention is drawn to the plagiarism and cheating policies of both the centre and of ILM. Plagiarism can result in a learner being withdrawn from a qualification. | Permission for ILM to use this script ILM uses learners’ submissions – on an anonymous basis – for assessment standardisation. By submitting, both the centre and the learner agree that ILM may use this script on condition that identifying information is removed. However, if you are unwilling...
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...Values 14 4.3 Building Description 15 4.4 Building Risk Profile 15 4.5 Building Functionality 15 4.6 Building Availability and Utilisation 16 4.7 Building Condition 16 4.8 Environmental Performance 17 5 Challenges and investments 17 5.1 Overview 17 5.2 Shortfalls – Educational Service Needs 17 5.3 Currently Funded Projects 18 5.4 Responses to Significant Known Challenges 18 6 Optimised Decision Making 19 6.1 Optimised Decision Making Framework 19 6.2 Significant Projects 19 6.3 Likelihood of Events Happening 19 6.4 What Controls Can Be Put Into Place 20 6.5 Prioritisation and Decision Making Process 20 7 Financial forecasts 20 7.1 Overview 20 7.2 Long Term Capital Forecasts 20 7.3 Consequential Expenditure 21 7.4 Affordability 22 7.5 Forecast Valuations 22 7.6 Outcomes 22 8 Key assumptions and policies 22 9 Improvement plan 22 9.1 Implementing the Process 22 9.2 Improvement Programme 23 9.3 Monitoring Performance 23 Introduction The Introduction section describes the purpose, background, and structure of the Asset...
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...some of the strengths and weaknesses that come along with it. The missions of CERs and the capital budgeting at Stryker: Stryker Corporation has had an outstanding growing background since it started. They have a benchmark of 20% growth annually, and one of the reasons the firm has been able to do this is their way of managing their capital budgeting process. Stryker used CERs (Capital Expenditure Requests) in their capital allocation process. These were basically permission forms that were submitted to be filled out by the authorities in order to get allowance to spend a certain amount of money. The mission of the CERs and the capital budgeting process at striker is to standardize and formalize the capital budgeting process. The CERs made it easier for the company to keep track of the expenditures that were made in each division. Thus, the firm was able to support cash flow targets and maintain the 20% growth of the company. The CERs have been shaped by elements of corporate finance theory. The fact that the CERs are made to have a smarter way of managing the expenditures of the company, automatically refers to the principal goal of corporate finance which is to maximize shareholder’s wealth. Since the CERs are helping to maintain the 20% growth benchmark, that means that the company is growing and consequently the value of the stock prices is increasing as well as it can be appreciated in exhibit 3 of the case. Also, the CERs have been shaped by the company’s...
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...of a business require operating expenses in order to run. Operational Expense (OPEX) include sales and general administrative expenses which do not include cost of goods sold or COGS, taxes, depreciation or interest. Operating expenses show on the profit and loss whereas capital expenditures show as major investments and show on the balance sheet and are depreciated over time (www.diffen.com). Marketing expenses are usually operating expense unless it shown that it has long term benefits. Some believe that if a company is expected rapid growth the recording items as an operating expense is better. However, Bernard Golden from CIO.com believes otherwise. “Once you have purchased a capital good, you’re stuck with it, as anyone who has purchased a car understands; even if you’re no longer excited about owning it, the finance company still expects a monthly payment. By contrast if you rent a car, you are committed to it only as long as you want to use it and once you have paid for that use, you have no further financial obligation”. Companies usually want to direct their investment into generating revenue and this is why they would rather lease than purchase (Logicalis, 2013). Some expenditures for startup costs can be capitalized in the United States but not all countries allow this to occur. Capital items can create a tax savings because they depreciate and this lowers the income which in return lower the taxes. Synthetic leases would allow a company to reap these benefits...
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...Comparing Walmart and Target Capital Expenditures University Comparing Walmart and Target Capital Expenditures In every business there is always a need for capital expenditures. Capital Expenditures can be very beneficial and can also differentiate the numbers from rival companies. According to readings “capital expenses are extensive and mostly hold a company’s substantial amount of money. Companies invest in prime property, plant, machinery, buildings and other forms of fixed assets, which also act as securities for the company. I chose to look up the Capital Expenditures of two companies that are known in many households: Walmart and Target. The annual report of mutually businesses over the past three years will be examined. This paper will examine and compare the reports and the amount of capital spending over the past three years while defining how the amount of capital spending remains constant or if it’s altered. Capital expenditures can determine the major financial decisions that a company must make in order to acquire a sound investment. This paper will attempt to expand on the clarification of capital expenditure and the impact it can have on the organization’s debt capacities and capital structures. As stated by Byrd and associates in the text, there should be a comparison of the level of capital spending across the two firms. The paper will further point out how the spending was similar and/or different and speculate why the similarities or differences might...
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