...To begin with, both Warwick and Flynn challenge the foundation of intelligence. Warwick establishes and develops his claim by stating that all IQ tests are subjective. First, he addresses the possible misunderstandings on the concept of intelligence. Warwick states, “Any attempts to define intelligence that do not involve identifying specially valued cultural attainments must fail (Warwick 199).”Oftentimes, humans see themselves being on top of the ladder simply because they arrange and connect every aspect according to their own standards and values. However, it is in fact improbable and pointless to compare the mental and physical abilities between two species, except referring to specific assignments. Warwick successfully clears up the assumption...
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...pre). After the collapse of the sub-prime housing market and recent economic struggles, who can blame them? Those who are looking for a leader, however, need look no further than Greg Mortenson. Joseph Nye defines a leader as one who “helps create and achieve shared goals” (Nye 18). A leader must act in a triangular system that involves the leader, his followers, and the context in which the situation exists (Nye 21). Mortenson works effectively as a member of the leadership triangle. He acts as the leader and his followers are the towns, villages, and refugee camps that receive the benefits of his schools, water systems, and community centers as well as his assistants and the members of the Central Asia Institute. The context in which Mortenson exercises his leadership is as equally important as the other two parts of the triangle. As Nye quotes Karl Marx as saying, “Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please…but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past” (Nye 5). Mortenson takes the unique context and uses it to become a leader. At the time of Mortensen’s trip to Korphe, the educational system in Pakistan was deficient at best. Many towns and villages lacked public schools and receive little to no funding...
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...Volume 10 Number 6 June 4, 2007 Black Intellectual Genocide: An Essay Review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations Girma Berhanu Göteborg University Sweden Lynn, Richard & Vanhanen, Tatu. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. Citation: Berhanu, Girma. (2007). Black intellectual genocide: An essay review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Education Review, 10(6). Retrieved [date] from http://edrev.asu.edu/essays/v10n6index.html. Abstract I review the book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, written by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen. I critique the authors’ major assertion that a significant part of the gap between rich and poor countries is due to differences in national intelligence. The authors claim that they have evidence that differences in national IQ account for substantial variation in per capita income and growth of a nation. This essay review debunks their assumptions that intellectual and income differences between nations stem from genetic differences. This critique provides an extended review of the research literature that argues against these assumptions and presents a different picture from that presented by Lynn and Vanhanen about the concept of intelligence, what IQ measures and does not measure. The essay exposes the racist, sexist, and antihuman nature of the research tradition in which the authors anchored their studies and the deep methodological flaws and theoretical assumptions that appear in their book. The low standards of scholarship...
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...Is Paris still cool? Hell yeah! (But not for the reasons you think) By Sheena McKenzie, for CNN February 19, 2014 -- Updated 1356 GMT (2156 HKT) STORY HIGHLIGHTS * Paris isn't the most fashionable city in the world. But here's why it's the coolest * Forget tired cliches, Paris is about discovering hidden gems away from tourists * Top tips: Partying in derelict mansions, or watching indie films in antique pagodas Editor's note: Fashion Season: Paris takes you behind the scenes of the Paris catwalks and beyond, exploring the French capital's most stylish hidden corners. The show airs Monday 24 to Friday 28 February on CNN International, with daily reports in 'News Stream' at 1300 GMT and 'Connect the World' at 2000 GMT. (CNN) -- So New York thinks it's the most stylish city on the planet? Sure, the Big Apple was named top dog in the latest rankings of fashion capitals around the world, pushing Paris into second place, and London into third. But can you party in an abandoned Rothschild mansion in New York? Can you watch indie films in an antique Japanese pagoda? Can you chillax on the beach in the heart of the city? Nope? Well, mes amis, you can in Paris. Whatever the world's fashion dignitaries might say, the City of Light is much more than stripy t-shirts and the Eiffel Tower. In fact, you'd be hard pressed to find a single Parisian jostling with the tourists atop that particular feat of architecture, says culture blogger Vanessa Grall. "Paris doesn't have...
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...“SCIENCE FICTION OR SCIENCE FACT” ARE WHITES INHERENTLY MORE INTELLIGENT THAN BLACKS ? ( Delroy Constantine-Simms University of Essex (UK) & Marciea Monique McMillian University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) ABSTRACT The publication of Hernstein & Murray’s (1994) “The Bell Curve” appears to be the latest expression of pseudo scientific theories with respect to race and intelligence. This paper gives an historical and ideological insight behind the development and application of intelligence tests by citing examples of their impact on legislation, social policy and intervention programmes in relation to Blacks. More importantly, a discussion of cultural bias in test design focuses on the response of Black psychologists who developed Black intelligence tests that portray whites as intellectually inferior in the same manner that Blacks are portrayed as intellectually inferior on tests devised by white psychologist. Furthermore, The hereditary perspective of intelligence is challenged by empirical evidence that centres on children with white ancestry to assess whether white genes influence intelligence while citing several sources that support the environmental explanation of the race gap in test scores. Consequently, this discussion questions the reliability and validity of intelligence tests that are used to reinforce the Black intellectual inferiority myth. The conclusive argument suggests in no uncertain terms that the Bell Curve is nothing more than the repackaging...
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...and (g) work sample scores. Cite independent research sources as appropriate to support your position. (20 points) Personality Assessments Thematic Apperception Test While personality tests can offer one the ability to observe an individual’s psyche, both conscience and subconscious, respectively, its validity to actually “judge” an individual within an interview process is not a best-practice method. As research has indicated “…the TAT is a powerful and revealing measure that has made an undeniable contribution to the motivation literature. However, to the extent that the administration and scoring of the test can be improved and refined through the development of a standard set of cues, group norms, and a more efficient scoring system, the true potential of this measure is at present untapped.”TAT Administration TAT Administration Personality Factors (16) Similar to the TAT test, using standardized personality tests as determining factors within an interview process is controversial. However, personality tests are standardized and most employers consider quantitative scores accurate. Thus personality tests, such as the Myers-Briggs, are utilized across multiple industries. While certain personality factors may be considered viable to positions with defined personality requirements, actual forecasting success may not be 100% applicable to all positions. That being said, discrimination cases have gone to trial over personality test’s justification. Plaintiffs...
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...Six Factors That Distort Performance Appraisals Multiple psychological factors can sway evaluators to rate employees a certain way. Most companies use performance appraisals, also known as job evaluations, to determine whether employees are meeting expectations, and to get some clues about how the employee could improve for the benefit of the business. Even so, performance appraisals have a major flaw in that they are not completely objective. Six major factors cause distortions in performance appraisals. 1. Stereotyping * People usually can fall into at least one general category based on physical or behavioral traits, and performance evaluators sometimes let stereotypes associated with those categories sway their employee appraisals. For example, a boss might assume that because many Asians excel, an Asian worker who doesn't meet a performance objective simply isn't working hard enough, even if the worker tried his best. Similarity * Often, people tend to seek out and rate more positively those who are similar to themselves. This tendency to approve of similarity may cause evaluators to give better ratings to employees who exhibit the same interests, work methods, points of view or standards. A major problem with this cause of distortion is that it can stifle innovation in a company, as "different" people must struggle to rise in the ranks. Leniency * Leniency, sometimes referred to as inflation, is the tendency of evaluators to give employees higher...
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...traits must be related to heritability as they share all the same genes. These are also compared with traits of fraternal twins to obtain a better estimate. b. No you should practice if you want to keep improving. While some genes may make you a better flute player than average, you still require practice to improve your play. Many genes and gene expression influence musical ability, and these alone will not make you an excellent player. 2. The fatal flaw here, is that black children and white children have a much different upbringing on average. Black children grow up with worse nutrition, self-belief that they are not as smart, etc. The example used in the book relates this to two genetically identical tomato plants will grow differently depending on their environment. If one plant is grown with poor soil and light then it will grow poorly. These different growing pots can be related to the childhoods or growing pots of black and white children. They are much different, are therefore you cannot imply that black IQs are lower due to genetics. 3. In Milgram’s study the participants obeyed the demands only when the experimenter was in close proximity. The participants feared conflict and felt discomfort and so obeyed. Some critics would say that the Nazis carried out atrocities without this direct supervision, and that the authority figure was often distant....
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...that parents of the Caucasian and Asian students may have higher expectations of achievement for their children, which could cause these students to strive for excellence in ways other students wouldn’t. Another factor could be income. Higher income families have the means to better educate their children and therefore, children of higher income families tend to have higher test scores. It is also true that African American and Hispanic people do not make as much money in America on average. This difference in income could have contributed to the difference in standardized test scores for these students. Higher income families can also live in higher income neighborhoods. These higher income neighborhoods receive more tax money for school systems and can therefore afford better equipment and pay teachers better. In contrast, less wealthy neighborhoods can’t afford these nicer amenities and can’t afford to pay teachers as much, which can discourage teachers from working there. Adding to the list of factors not taken into account is the fact that some students want to do well in school while others don’t. In this study, one of the schools with the lowest difference in test scores between Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic, and African American students was in Queens. A faculty member of this school was noted saying that the parents of the students at this school “fight to get in. They want to be here” (Hartocollis B4). The parents of these students fought to get them into this school and it...
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...Player Piano_ Machine will replace human’s job Player Piano is Kurt Vonnegut’s first novel published in 1952. The efficiency and quality of work is described in a future that scientific developing creates a new and digital world. The story happens in a near future society, after World War 3, which is almost mechanized completely, discarding the need for human laborers. Vonnegut shows his skepticism about the future controlled by the electronic tools is the major theme of the novel. Society is run by a group of manager engineers. In addition, this widespread of mechanization causes two different sides between the social upper class where the engineers and managers keeping society operating, and the lower class, those job have been taken by intelligent machines. People whose jobs are displaced feel that their lives are useless and meaningless. Player Piano is developed around the main character named Paul Proteus, who is the son of a former Works Manager, preparing to move up to the highest levels of management by himself, but he is worried in some way. Increasingly difficulty between displeased and stressful to advance, Paul carefully considers to change by deciding to buy a farm and choosing to avoid of the conflict. Anita disagrees that idea. His wife, Anita, forces him to advance, but many evenings he wears old clothes and goes to a bar on the other side of the river. In the bar is a player piano, that the author use as a key in this novel to symbolize an early automatic...
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...read and process the written language (Martin, Carlson and Buskist 2013). Children and adults are mostly affected from this learning disability as it develops when growing up (Martin, Carlson and Buskist 2013). It has been estimated that 1 in 10 of the population potentially have dyslexia in the UK itself and varies across the world (Pennington 1990). Individuals are affected to different scales by dyslexia (Martin, Carlson and Buskist 2013) and it has been reviewed that irregular IQ scores are not linked to dyslexia in any form (Siegel 1989). A lot of research has been conducted in this field and researchers have looked into core problems of dyslexia. This essay is designed to explain and evaluate the magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia, and the theory will be used to propose an appropriate intervention to benefit dyslexic children in primary schools. The Magnocellular deficit theory identifies that dyslexic individuals have a measurable disorder of the fast processing pathways of the visual system (Greatrex and Drasdo 1995). These pathways process the visual...
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...Stratification is a system of positions that operates as a distribute system of rewards and punishments to populations based on only on their social position rather than the people occupying them (Davis & Moore, 1945). The rewards are considered rights essential to having a given social position and punishments are considered just deserts (Davis & Moore, 1945, p. 243). As a result, inequality in institution depends on control by an elite power structure over access to institutions such as education and employment, as these power structures ensure that the most desired social positions have individuals...
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...people today because it shows that the truth will prevail even after thirteen years after a false confession. Additionally, it shows that organizations like the Innocence Project, will fight for justice and do whatever they can to help get innocent people freed from prison. The Dixmoor Five were convicted due to their false confessions and were eventually exonerated in 2011. DNA exonerated the five men and implicated a convicted sex offender as the true offender. The Dixmoor Five claimed that police had coerced false confessions from three of them. Additionally, the DNA evidence collected at the scene failed to link any of the five men to the crime. The investigation into Matthew’s murder “highlighted many of the deep flaws in Cook County’s criminal justice system, in particular the reluctance of prosecutors to abandon cases built on confessions even when they’ve been undermined by DNA evidence.” This case shows how Cook County was desperate to solve crimes causing it to turn a blind eye when confessions do not match physical evidence. The Dixmoor Five case is relevant to people today because it shows how false confessions have been such a driving force in cases. False confessions can be enough to prosecute and convict people. False confessions have a detrimental effect on countless people and unfortunately, they are not as uncommon as people generally believe. This case can enlighten people today and allow them to discover how common false confessions are and how they are often...
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...Democracy and Political Ignorance Democracy is supposed to be rule of the people, by the people, and for the people. But in order to rule effectively, the people need political knowledge. If they know little or nothing about government, it becomes difficult to hold political leaders accountable for their performance. Unfortunately, public knowledge about politics is disturbingly low. In addition, the public also often does a poor job of evaluating the political information they do know. This state of affairs has persisted despite rising education levels, increased availability of information thanks to modern technology, and even rising IQ scores. It is mostly the result of rational behavior, not stupidity. Such widespread and persistent political ignorance and irrationality strengthens the case for limiting and decentralizing the power of government. The Extent of Ignorance Political ignorance in America is deep and widespread. The current government shutdown fight provides some good examples. Although Obamacare is at the center of that fight and much other recent political controversy, 44% percent of the public do not even realize it is still the law. Some 80 percent, according to a recent Kaiser survey, say they have heard “nothing at all” or “only a little” about the controversial insurance exchanges that are a major part of the law. The shutdown controversy is also just the latest manifestation of a longstanding political struggle over federal spending. But most of...
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...substantial growth and psychological health. According to Goleman (1998) asserts that emotional intelligence, not IQ, forecast a workplace success and who inspires by the powerful of EQ as a leader. This study describes a research undertaken with a sample of lecturers from Faculty of Business Management in Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam and Puncak Alam Campus, including male and female lecturers. Besides, a meta-analysis of 59 studies by Van Rooy and Viswesvaran (2004) found that emotional intelligence correlated moderately with job performance. According to Hargrevas (2001), both teaching and learning are not only concerned with knowledge, cognition and skills, but they are also emotional practices. Dewey highlighted that an educator ought to “have the sympathetic understanding of individuals as individuals which gives him an idea of what is actually going on in the minds of those who are learning” (Dewey [1938]” 1997, p. 39). Harkin (1998) found that, “effective behaviors are the most important determinants of student satisfaction with educator,” through “recognizing individuals, listening to students, showing respect, being friendly, sharing a joke, making some self-disclosure”. In Working with Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman writes: “Our level of emotional intelligence is not fixed genetically, nor does it develop only in early childhood. Unlike IQ, which changes little after our teen years, emotional intelligence seems to be largely learned, and it continues...
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