...Assignment 2 Fairness DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ECL 776 - Language Testing and Assessment Unit Chair: Dr. Rod Neilson Adam Scott 500148222 Introduction Testing is a fundamental aspect of human nature and society. Humans have used tests for psychological and physical inclusion since history began. The importance is evident in early literature such as Homeric text where allusions to testing are personified as gods challenging man. Undoubtedly, tests in those times had their own high-stakes nature, perhaps being the life of an individual, and while this may seem extreme and unfair in the twenty-first century, in its context was perhaps necessary to ensure the survival of a group. This protectionism no doubt persists today, evident in social policy and language norms. Although the stakes have changed, entry to a society is no less high contextually in terms of financial and emotional currency. Now as the dominant species the survival of the fittest no longer seems relevant, so attention must be drawn to current gate-keeping practices and not only their necessity but also whether or not they are fair. While language testing has become standard practice in many countries it has also become politicized especially as a means of power (Hamp-Lyons, 1997a; Shohamy, 2001). In this case the term fairness becomes problematic because determining whether it is society or the political class who has set the standards has many implications. Language testing systems employed by governments...
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...Herman Miller, Inc. Traditional Case Study June 18th 2012 David Maillie Andrew Hatfield-O’Hern Andrew Withers Isil Ecevit Nawaf Nizamudeen Current Status History Herman Miller began in Zeeland Michigan as a manufacturer of high quality furniture and bedroom suites entitled the Star Furniture Co. In 1909 the company’s name was switched to the Michigan Star Furniture Company. At the same time, Dirk Jan De Pree was hired as a clerk. Just 10 years later, Mr. De Pree became president of the company. Mr. De Pree saw great potential with the company and soon after talked his father-in-law, Herman Miller, to purchase the company by buying up the majority (51%) of the company stock in 1923. The company name was then changed and named after Herman Miller and remains that way today. Early on, Herman Miller became a company that treated workers very differently. Most manufacturing companies, De Pree stressed that all workers are important individuals with special talents and potential (Adams, S. B., Manz, C. C., Manz, K., Shipper, F. (2010). He saw that workers were more than just hourly labor and knew that if he could encourage them to expand their horizons and broaden their knowledge and interests that the company would also benefit from this. In the early 1930s, the Herman Miller company was known for producing high-quality, traditional furniture. However, this was the time of the Great Depression. A very trying time with unemployment rates as high as 25%...
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...Science On the question of science, participants on various occasions referred to some of the misunderstandings surrounding this concept. It was repeatedly mentioned that, notwithstanding general agreement among development planners and practitioners about the crucial role that science has to play in development, many lacked a common understanding of its nature or the ways in which it can contribute to the wellbeing of the masses of humanity. As the discourse evolved over several years, many of these misconceptions were brought to light. Some of them are as follows: First, the practice of science is all too often reduced to the mere application of technology. What is lost sight of is the fact that science is a system of knowledge and practice that provides the methods and tools for the systematic and structured exploration of material and social reality. By asking questions about reality and seeking to answer them through a process of action, reflection and consultation, a population acquires the capacity to take charge of its own development and to promote the advancement of civilization. Due to the existing misrepresentation of the role of science in development, attention is focused on making people passive consumers of technology rather than on building their scientific capacity. Development Development as a concept is a victim of definitional pluralism. It is a difficult word to define. However, attempts have been made by erudite scholars to conceptualize development...
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...HELP SHEET 2.11 P1: Describe the recruitment documentation used in a selected organization The desired organisation we shall see regarding this matter is a famous departmental store in bangladesh. Agora is a renouned departmental store which is owned by Rahimafrooz Ltd. Agora founded in 1954 by Late A. C. Abdur Rahim. If agora decides on hiring employees for their many deparmental stores situated accross the whole of bangladesh they have to initially advertise this vacancy. There can be a number of ways to advertise this vacancy, out of the many a few may be via newspaper, posters, website, web adverts and existing employees. Hypothetically if we say the vacancy is for a cashier, in that case the recruitment process would be a lot quicker with a healthy number of curriculum vitae (cv) to choose from. The advert should state the job description and should specify the duties the position holds. It should also state the educational qualification and skills they require in the applicant. After the vacancy has been advertised, interested applicants will send their cv to the given address which will state their name, educational qualification, work experience, career objective and expectation, personal skills, a personal statement etc. on approval of the cv’s the preferred candidates will be notified by the employer for a interview. This is the part were the employer gets to meet up the candidates face to face and have a conversation with them and choose the best fitting...
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...os t 9-606-153 rP REV. MARCH 15, 2007 ROBERT D. AUSTIN yo Jack Carlisle, CIO Jack Carlisle, senior vice president and chief information officer of IZL Corp, flipped the telephone back into its cradle and spun in his chair. As he’d done a thousand times before when he needed to think, he snagged the edge of a file cabinet with one heel, which left him facing out the window. His view of the Manhattan skyline was usually spectacular but today low clouds made it difficult to see landmarks. Carlisle had the distinct impression that the chair had continued to turn, blurring his surroundings. op The person he’d just been talking with was a peer, another SVP. The call had conveyed news that was making its way around the executive suite: Jennifer Pierce, the firm’s Strategy SVP, a long-time confidant of recently departed founder and CEO, Chuck Hansen, had just resigned. No tC Pierce likely had been asked to leave by the new CEO, Jim Giles. Two weeks earlier, the board of directors had asked for Hansen’s resignation in the wake of stock “performance issues” that had materialized in the last eight months. Giles had been the firm’s newly hired COO when the board asked Hansen to leave; according to rumors, the board had forced Hansen to hire a COO. Giles had been with the company for barely a month when the board, presumably frustrated by a big client’s decision to go with an IZL competitor, forced the CEO change. Some speculated that replacing ...
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...Форма № Н-9.02 ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ СЕМЕНА КУЗНЕЦЯ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (повне найменування вищого навчального закладу) ФАКУЛЬТЕТ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ТА МАРКЕТИНГУ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________...
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...Creativity, Innovation and Quality By Dr A. Blanton Godfrey (Former) Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Juran Institute, Inc. I. THREE LINKED IDEAS: CREATIVITY, INNOVATION AND QUALITY Creativity, innovation and quality - what do these three possibly have in common? For any business to be successful, we need all three. Creativity drives the generation of ideas, and we need these constantly. We must continually reinvent our businesses. We must unleash the imagination of everyone in our organization. We must create the playfulness and fun to unleash this imagination. Albert Einstein knew that great thinkers don't have to take themselves too seriously and that: "Imagination is more important than knowledge." -Albert Einstein Innovation is the necessary step to turn these ideas into useful products and services, something we can provide to our customers, and something we can sell. Quality, the entire set of tools now known as total quality management or TQM, is the way we ensure that we know our customers, their needs and expectations, and how we are going to meet these needs and exceed their expectations. Quality also helps us continuously improve our products and services and to continuously reduce our costs of providing them. In this paper we'll try to pull together these three elements of successful entrepreneurship. All three elements - creativity, innovation and quality - have been studied extensively and independently. There are numerous books...
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...POLICY MAKING IN THE REAL WORLD Evidence and Analysis Michael Hallsworth, with Simon Parker and Jill Rutter 1 Contents About this report Executive summary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction: The Institute’s Better Policy Making theme Why look at policy making? The drive to professionalise policy making The gap between theory and practice Process Qualities Structures Politics Improving policy making 3 4 15 16 22 30 38 46 64 80 100 103 104 10. Annex A: Methodology for survey of policy characteristics 11. Annex B: The Policy Skills Framework Contents 2 About this report This report is one of three that the Institute for Government is releasing as part of its research into policy making in government. It provides both an in-depth look at attempts to reform policy making over the last fourteen years and draws on both interviews with senior civil servants and ministers, in the last government, to look at the experience of policy making. It also draws on our analysis of government’s own evaluations of policy, our ‘Policy Reunions’ looking at the factors behind policy success and the extensive academic literature on policy making. As such, it forms the evidential and analytic base for our recommendations report, Making Policy Better. This report is largely the work of the Institute for Government’s Senior Researcher Michael Hallsworth. In its early stages, the research was led by former Institute Fellow, Simon Parker, and in the later stages was overseen...
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...Published by the Ecological Society of America Number 10, Winter 2003 Issues in Ecology Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems Issues in Ecology Number 10 Winter 2003 Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems SUMMARY Fresh water is vital to human life and economic well-being, and societies extract vast quantities of water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries. Our need for fresh water has long caused us to overlook equally vital benefits of water that remains in stream to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems. There is growing recognition, however, that functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. These services include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. Over the long term, intact ecosystems are more likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these goods and services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change. These ecosystem benefits are costly and often impossible to replace when aquatic systems are degraded. For this reason, deliberations about water allocation should always include provisions for maintaining the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Scientific evidence indicates that aquatic ecosystems can be protected...
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...A White Paper Future Trends in Leadership Development By Nick Petrie Issued December 2011 CONTENTS 3 3 5 6 7 10 29 30 32 About the Author Experts Consulted during This Study About This Project Executive Summary Section 1 – The Challenge of Our Current Situation Section 2 – Future Trends for Leadership Development Bibliography References Appendix About the author Nick Petrie is a Senior Faculty member with the Center for Creative Leadership’s Colorado Springs campus. He is a member of the faculty for the Leadership Development Program (LDP)® and the Legal sector. Nick is from New Zealand and has significant international experience having spent ten years living and working in Japan, Spain, Scotland, Ireland, Norway and Dubai. Before joining CCL, he ran his own consulting company and spent the last several years developing and implementing customized leadership programs for senior leaders around the world. Nick holds a master’s degree from Harvard University and undergraduate degrees in business administration and physical education from Otago University in New Zealand. Before beginning his business career, he was a professional rugby player and coach for seven years. Experts consulted during this study I wish to thank the following experts who contributed their time and thinking to this report in order to make it stronger. I also relieve them of any liability for its weaknesses, for which I am fully responsible. Thanks all. Bill Torbert, Professor Emeritus of Leadership...
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...A White Paper Future Trends in Leadership Development By Nick Petrie Issued December 2011 CONTENTS 3 3 5 6 7 10 29 30 32 About the Author Experts Consulted during This Study About This Project Executive Summary Section 1 – The Challenge of Our Current Situation Section 2 – Future Trends for Leadership Development Bibliography References Appendix About the author Nick Petrie is a Senior Faculty member with the Center for Creative Leadership’s Colorado Springs campus. He is a member of the faculty for the Leadership Development Program (LDP)® and the Legal sector. Nick is from New Zealand and has significant international experience having spent ten years living and working in Japan, Spain, Scotland, Ireland, Norway and Dubai. Before joining CCL, he ran his own consulting company and spent the last several years developing and implementing customized leadership programs for senior leaders around the world. Nick holds a master’s degree from Harvard University and undergraduate degrees in business administration and physical education from Otago University in New Zealand. Before beginning his business career, he was a professional rugby player and coach for seven years. Experts consulted during this study I wish to thank the following experts who contributed their time and thinking to this report in order to make it stronger. I also relieve them of any liability for its weaknesses, for which I am fully responsible. Thanks all. Bill Torbert, Professor Emeritus of Leadership...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...PART I THEORY, SCHOOLS AND PRACTICE 1 Schools of Thought in Strategic Management: Fragmentation, Integration or Synthesis Tom Elfring and Henk W. Volberda Over the last thirty years, strategic management has become established as a legitimate field of research and managerial practice (Shrivastava, 1986: 363). In the evolution of strategy research, a diversity of partly competitive and partly supplementary paradigms have emerged. To provide an unequivocal definition would mean ignoring the versatility of strategic management. The choice of a definition and the application of specific strategic management techniques is greatly dependent on which paradigmatic schools of thought in strategic management one prefers. In this book, we will therefore review the various schools of thought and their contribution to the theory and practice of strategy. A school of thought is understood to be the range of thought of a specific group of researchers, which has crystallized within the field of strategic management (Brown, 1993). In other words, a school of thought can be seen as an institutionalized paradigm. Besides reflecting on the variety of schools in strategy, we will also sketch out new promising directions in strategy research and practice. Although some strategy scholars have argued that the achieved multiformity in schools of thought signifies an enrichment of the research within the field of study (cf. Mahoney, 1993), other scholars from related disciplines complain about...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...THE ART OF PERFORMANCE A CRITICAL ANTHOLOGY edited by GREGORY BATTCOCK AND ROBERT NICKAS /ubu editions 2010 The Art of Performance A Critical Anthology 1984 Edited By: Gregory Battcock and Robert Nickas /ubueditions ubu.com/ubu This UbuWeb Edition edited by Lucia della Paolera 2010 2 The original edition was published by E.P. DUTTON, INC. NEW YORK For G. B. Copyright @ 1984 by the Estate of Gregory Battcock and Robert Nickas All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. Published in the United States by E. P. Dutton, Inc., 2 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-53323 ISBN: 0-525-48039-0 Published simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Toronto 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition Vito Acconci: "Notebook: On Activity and Performance." Reprinted from Art and Artists 6, no. 2 (May l97l), pp. 68-69, by permission of Art and Artists and the author. Russell Baker: "Observer: Seated One Day At the Cello." Reprinted from The New York Times, May 14, 1967, p. lOE, by permission of The New York Times...
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