...Introduction This study is to focus on the attitudes of the community towards violence against women, this study introduce: * the origin of domestic violence, * the definition of domestic violence against women, * how it affects the society, * forms of domestic violence , * the cause of domestic violence * A Review of Literature is to emphasize on the importance of the attitudes of the community towards the topic, the determinant, the suggested improvements and the limitations. This study will also conclude what is to be done to improve the attitudes of the community. Personal experiences and perspective The concern of this topic has sparked my interests as a Marketing student due to the recent reports of inhuman violent acts against women in India that has raised commotion all over the country, however this report is not pin-pointing at any countries, but as a general subject. You need also to link your topic and your personal experience to the theoretical perspectives (epistemologies and paradigms) that were discussed in class. Domestic Violence against Women The status of women has been seen as unequal to the status of men in terms of authority, opportunity as well as independence. Although the society has reached a tremendous change from degradation (1990s) to a position of equality (2000s), Violence against women which is defined as “an act of gender-based violence that results in, physical, sexual or psychological harm, or suffering...
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...conducted Market research method: Earlier to this research, many other researches were also conducted on Boston’s drug problem. Most of these researches were based on qualitative impressions of various stakeholder’s and didn’t provide initial framework for any subsequent researches. HBS field study group attempted to lay the groundwork by a collecting data primary data and analysing it with the currently existing theory. HBS field study group had three research options available Qualitative surveys, Quantitative surveys, and One-on-One interviews. Quantitative method required several testable parameters, which were not available in the subject case. One-on-one interview method was too slow and too subjective. Therefore, the study group decided to qualitative surveys based on focus groups of eight to ten individuals. Sampling and Data Collection: Making community schools in the area responsible for selecting the participants was a good idea, as the Directors of these schools knew more about the suitable participants of the area. It was good not using Market research firm for this purpose. The team did a mistake in appointing an aged moderator of the market research firms. As the job of moderator...
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...useful information. There are many types of interviews like telephonic interview, using internet chat etc. but according to me best suitable type of interview that can help Pablo to get his needed information is Face to Face interview. Below are some key attributes of a Face to Face interview those are best suitable to get information that Pablo is looking for. 1) Time and Place – Time and place of the interview is very important. To conduct an effective interview it is very important that you should aware about, what time and date is the best to conduct an interview. For example in this case, by conducting interview on weekends you might get better results as compared to weekdays like Monday where there are less people visiting the restaurant or they can be busy in their work. On the other side the place you are going to choose for the interview is also very important. For example in this case, it will be very convenient for the customers as well as for James to conduct interview in the restaurant itself, because by doing this he don’t have to organise another place and he can get more people to be interview. This will help to reduce the cost of interview. 2) Questionnaires – to conduct an effective interview, it is very import to know, what kind of questions you have to...
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...those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. ISBN: 0-939704-98-6 Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide © 2005 by Family Health International Family Health International P.O. Box 13950 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 USA http://www.fhi.org E-mail: publications@fhi.org Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Case Study Module 1 — Qualitative Research Methods Overview Introduction to Qualitative Research Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research Sampling in Qualitative Research Recruitment in Qualitative Research Ethical Guidelines in Qualitative Research Suggested Readings Module 2 — Participant Observation Overview of Participant Observation Ethical Guidelines Logistics of Participant Observation How to Be an Effective Participant Observer Tips for Taking Field Notes Suggested Readings Case Study Samples Participant Observation Steps Module 3 — In-Depth Interviews Overview of In-Depth Interviewing Ethical Guidelines Logistics of Interviewing How to Be an Effective Interviewer Tips for Taking Interview Notes Suggested Readings Case Study Samples...
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...Guidelines for Conducting a Focus Group Surveys assume that people know how they feel. But sometimes they really don’t. Sometimes it takes listening to the opinions of others in a small and safe group setting before they form thoughts and opinions. Focus groups are well suited for those situations. Focus groups can reveal a wealth of detailed information and deep insight. When well executed, a focus group creates an accepting environment that puts participants at ease allowing then to thoughtfully answer questions in their own words and add meaning to their answers. Surveys are good for collecting information about people’s attributes and attitudes but if you need to understand things at a deeper level then use a focus group. If you’ve ever participated in a well-run focus group you’d probably say it felt very natural and comfortable to be talking with a group of strangers. What you didn’t know perhaps were the many hidden structures behind it all. A good focus group requires planning – a lot more planning than merely inviting a few key people to casually share their opinions about a topic. Outlined here are the details for conducting a high quality focus group. Also included are stepby-step instructions for making sense of all the information you collect in the groups. In this Guide you will find checklists for: Defining a focus group Designing focus group questions Recruiting and preparing for participants Conducting the focus group Analyzing the data You will also find...
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...How to Run a Focus Group * What is a focus group? A focus group is a small and structured meeting of approximately 8 – 10 people. Discussion revolves around a set of pre-determined topics to give you a set of rich qualitative information. Although focus groups take a while to set up and require a budget to run, once done, they can prove an efficient way of getting detailed information on a subject. Expect a focus group to give you a range of views from your target audience, and to find out why people hold these views. A focus group can take place either before or after your event, depending on what you want to find out. For example, if you want to know what motivates your audience to attend an event you might choose to run a focus group before they have seen an event. However, if the information you need is about their opinions of the event itself, then you will obviously need to take them to see something first. * Preparing for Session Invite around 6 to 8 people to participate for a session to last for about an hour. Then, prepare an agenda including a list of the top-level issues to be tackled (if appropriate). Prepare an introduction script explaining the purpose of the day and how the day will be run. This can include issues of consent and fire regulations (if relevant). Be sure to always use a quiet room with few distractions and arrange people in a circle (possibly around a table). * Developing Questions When you go into the group, go in prepared. Don't...
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... 1. An important difference between qualitative and quantitative studies is that in qualitative research, the researcher is usually: a. Trying to test existing theory b. Looking to create new theory during and after the research c. Testing fixed relationships between variables d. Looking at a very large number of data points Answer 2. Qualitative research looks for _______, while quantitative research looks for _________ a. Quality, Quantity b. Quantity, Quality c. When, Why d. Meaning, Measurement Answer 3. The person who “sets the tone” for a focus group is: a. The Moderator b. The Dominator "c. The Cynic " d. The Co-Moderator Answer "4. If a researcher is interested in documenting a particular event to gain insight on the specific processes and dynamics of that event, the researcher is likely to conduct a(n):" a. Observation Survey b. Survey c. Case Study d. Triangulation Study Answer 5. An important tool for extracting meaning from completed interview and focus group transcripts is: a: Cross-sectional surveys b. Content...
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...Research Proposal on Smoking Amongst Teenage Girls in Secondary School. In the following proposal, I intend to put forward a proposal to study the smoking habits of teenage girls in secondary school. It has come to my attention that this is a problem area that is on the rise. I wish to use government funding to conduct research into this issue. It is my belief that if I can find the root of the problem, and discover why many young girls are smoking, I will then be able to propose and launch initiatives to try and tackle the problem altogether. In this proposal I endeavour to put forward the importance of my research question; why are the teenage girls in attending secondary school in Ireland smoking. Weather its due to a lack of information, peer pressure or the pressures of school I intend to find out. I intend to use three different types of research methods to gain information on why these girls are smoking. The first method I will use is focus groups. I think these will be useful on gaining an insight into these girl’s lives and to build a relationship with them. I will be able to see different reactions and will hopefully receive a lot of feedback. I’m also aware that in a focus group some members may be too shy or intimidated to speak up, this has lead me to my second research method which will be in-depth one to one interviews with girls. With these interviews I hope to get to the real truth of why these girls are smoking and what it would take to make them...
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...Research Design The study will use Focus Group Discussion as its research design. A focus group is a group of people, led by a trained moderator, who meets by 90 minutes to 2 hours. The facilitator uses or moderator uses group dynamics principles to focus or guide the group in an exchange of ideas, feelings, and experiences on a specific topic. The data gathered after the discussion can be used in evaluating particular issues. FGD data can be used to evaluating particular issues. The researchers chose Focus Group Discussion as a medium of the research as the face to face involvement of qualified participants may be of help to gather data on how scholarships are implemented by other learning institutions. FGD will give the researcher ideas on how to analyze the research problem. The discussion may be of help to explore the meanings of survey findings that cannot be explained statistically. Construct Validity Construct Validity is an assessment of how well ideas theories are translated into actual programs or measures. The researchers aim to gather opinion from AGSB Students on how features of SYLFF and Star Scholars can be adopted by AGSB. Construct Validity can be achieved by formulating questions that can be used in gathering information from the respondents through FGD. The following questions will be asked to the participants for the FGD: 1. The researcher would like to propose a scholarship program which adopts some of the features of Star Scholars of...
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...Business Research Methods Paper 603 Submitted By: Divjot Kaur 1.1 Type of Interview For the purpose of this research Alexander chose semi structured face to face interview with the board of directors of chamber of commerce. To collect the primary data Alexander has to plan a semi structured interview with the board. Steps * Draft a questionnaire which will be presented in front of the board of directors * Fix an appointed with the board of directors * Interview the board of directors Scope and benefits 1. Firsthand information for investment decision making purpose. 2. No technological distractions or interference 3. On spot clarifications on questions and comments or concerns 4. Reliability of data provided by industry experts and chamber of commerce 5. Sufficient information will be available in hand for decision making 1.2 Face to face Interview Key attributes of face to face interview 1. Adaptability: One of the key attributes of face to face interview is adaptability. The interviewer can adapt their questions according to the respondent’s answers and can sought clarifications on any given topic. This gives the interviewer an opportunity to probe which is particularly important when the interviewer need clarification on particular research topic. The interviewer can ask further questions and request the interviewee to be more detailed and explicit during the face to face interview. For example for evaluation the highest...
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...Moderate assessment Department of Education Moderate assessment A module of the Advanced Certificate: Education (School Management and Leadership) © Department of Education 2008 Creative Commons License The copyright for this work is held by the Department of Education. However, to maximise distribution and application, the work is licensed under the Creative Commons License. This allows you to copy, distribute, and display the work under the following conditions: By attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the Department of Education. For non commercial use1. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Profit-making entities who charge a fee for access to the work are not permitted to copy, distribute and display the work. By attribution, share-alike. Should this core material be supplemented in any way to create a derivative work, it is expected that the derivative work will be made available to the Department of Education to post onto the Thutong website for others to access and adapt as needed. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the Department of Education. Department of Education Sol Plaatje House 123 Schoeman Street Tshwane South Africa Tel: +27 12 312 5344 Fax: +27 12 323 0134 http://www.education.gov.za © Department of Education 2008 1 How does the Department of Education define commercial...
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...appropriate to use a postal questionnaire than a structured interview. Questionnaires are restricted to two basic types of question: Closed-ended (or “closed question”) is a question for which a researcher provides a suitable list of responses (e.g. Yes / No). This produces mainly quantitative data. Open-ended (or “open question”) is a question where the researcher doesn’t provide the respondent with a set answer from which to choose. Rather, the respondent is asked to answer "in their own words". This produces mainly qualitative data. Strengths: Good for measuring attitudes and eliciting other content from research participants Inexpensive (especially mail questionnaires and group-administered questionnaires) Can administer to probability samples Quick turnaround Can be administered to groups Perceived anonymity by respondents possibly high Moderately high measurement validity for well-constructed and well-tested questionnaires Low dross rate for closed-ended...
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...The focus group moderator uses the principles of _____ to focus the group in an exchange of ideas, feelings, and experiences on a specific topic. Select one: a. psychology b. sociology c. anthropology d. group dynamics e. communications Feedback The correct answer is: group dynamics Question 2 Complete Marked out of 1 Flag question Question text Which term below is used to describe the combining of several qualitative methods or combining qualitative with quantitative methods? Select one: a. Triangulation b. Dyadic support c. Inter-rater reliability d. Projection e. Component sorts Feedback The correct answer is: Triangulation Question 3 Complete Marked out of 1 Flag question Question text When individual depth interviews are aided by the use of computer-generated visual and auditory aids, the method is known as _____. Select one: a. computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) b. computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) c. online interviewing d. group interviewing e. computer-aided design (CAD) Feedback The correct answer is: computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) Question 4 Complete Marked out of 1 Flag question Question text Qualitative methods that encourage participants to reveal hidden or suppressed attitudes, ideas, emotions, and motives are called _____ techniques. Select one: a. deceptive b. unstructured c. projective d. focus group e. semistructured Feedback The correct answer is: projective Question 5 Complete Marked out of 1 Flag question Question...
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...research problem· The decision problem should focus on what needs to be done? · The research problem should aim at providing information which enable the decision maker to take relevant decisions or carry out relevant actions in order to solve the problem · How can you avoid to make wrong specification of the research problem? o Wait until you have explored the decision problem sufficiently before you state your research problem o The typical research failure is to start the research process by making a proposal stating the methods which is to be used to complete the research o A more fruitful way of doing research is to examine the decision maker’s situation carefully in the first place with focus on: · The decision maker (organization) and its environment · Alternative courses of action · The objective of the decision maker · The consequences of alternative actions · Decision Problem: · The problem facing the decision maker (organization) for which the research is intended to provide answers or information · Research Problem: · A statement of the decision problem into research terms ans 1c. Research question vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative statement predicting a particular relationship between two or more variables. If you want to know whether or not your study requires a hypothesis, ask yourself these questions: Are you undertaking a quantitative study? Does your study take an experimental approach to answer questions...
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...THE JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE, 11: 82–91, 2010 Copyright C The Institute of Behavioral Finance ISSN: 1542-7560 print / 1542-7579 online DOI: 10.1080/15427560.2010.481981 Psychological and Cultural Factors in the Choice of Mortgage Products: A Behavioral Investigation Masaki Mori International University of Japan Julian Diaz III and Alan J. Ziobrowski Georgia State University Nico B. Rottke European Business School Using data from three countries that differ economically, culturally, and geographically, this study examines the role of Prospect Theory’s reflection effect, a psychological factor, in combination with Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), a cultural factor, on the choice of mortgage products. Experiments were conducted using business professionals in the United States, Germany, and Japan. The results suggest that risk-averse people tend to become more risk seeking, leaning more toward adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) when choosing a mortgage type, and that this psychological effect may underlie the mortgage choices of people who tend to choose ARMs, even across countries with different cultures. Keywords: Adjustable-rate mortgage, Fixed-rate mortgage, Prospect theory, Uncertainty avoidance, Experiment INTRODUCTION In terms of household risk management, the choice of a residential mortgage is one of the most significant decisions to make. At the end of second-quarter 2005, the value of outstanding U.S. residential mortgages was $8 trillion, 65% of the...
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