...Different Environmental Value Systems First Nation Americans (Native Americans) VS European Pioneers Native Americans are traditionally known as being rather ecocentric and tend to be deep ecologists. However, European pioneers who settled in North America during the late 1800s were known to be rather cornucopian as they followed a more capitalist system. Native Americans believed that everything was connected to each other. They had a deep respect for the natural world and thought of themselves as being a part of it and not lords who had the absolute power to do what they wanted with it. Much of their religion was tied to nature. They had a holistic approach on life, which also links, to biodiversity. This is a different view to the European pioneers as the Native Americans did not believe in a hierarchy system and assumed that humans were one part of a whole society. This can also be seen as being their belief in stewardship, where they believed that it was their responsibility to take care of the earth by living in harmony with nature and taking care of it as much as they could since their beliefs told them that everything had a spirit. Native Americans refer to the planet as being “Mother Earth/ Mother Nature” as they believed that the land itself was a living entity therefore it could not be owned by anyone. On the other hand, there were the European pioneers who would divide up the land and use it as a source of capital or a way to gain income. As for the...
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...How a teacher in a nursery uses four different communication skills and applies values of care I went into a preschool and I was observing how a teacher uses tone of voice, tone of pace, clarifying and posture. All of these skills are briefly described how they used the communication and what will happen if they didn’t use that skill. All of these examples I used are from what I observed and I didn’t use names I made them up to maintain confidentiality. Tone of voice: Tone of voice means the way our voice response and the way we speak to others, this means what we say might not be important but how we say the words is really important, tone of voice is really important because it defines quality of a persons voice, for example our pitch, volume and characteristics of our voice. There are lots of different types of tones in our voice and they happen naturally for example: when you’re angry you speak quickly and really loud, having a chat/conversation with friends our tone changes to a clam, slow and lots of different types of tone which puts people to an ease, flat tone of voice is usually depressed and exhausted and when ever a person is talking another person can figure out what kind of tone you have and that tone often reflects your mood. Teachers in a nursery use tone of voice very effectively they use that by being calm to everyone for example: when Dylan broke some toy the teacher try make him understand that what he did was wrong in a calm/friendly tone this is useful...
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...Human Resource Development International ISSN: 1367-8868 (Print) 1469-8374 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhrd20 Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation Maria S. Plakhotnik, Tonette S. Rocco, Joshua C. Collins & Hilary Landorf To cite this article: Maria S. Plakhotnik, Tonette S. Rocco, Joshua C. Collins & Hilary Landorf (2015) Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation, Human Resource Development International, 18:1, 39-57, DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 Published online: 11 Dec 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 288 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rhrd20 Download by: [University of Exeter] Date: 12 December 2015, At: 14:41 Human Resource Development International, 2015 Vol. 18, No. 1, 39–57, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation Maria S. Plakhotnika, Tonette S. Roccob*, Joshua C. Collinsb and Hilary Landorf...
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...The first measure of military spending shows USA leading with $711 billion in 2012 – approximately 43% of global military expenditure - $568 billion more than China. This measure is useful as it can show who has military superiority and therefore who has the ability to act as a global enforcer or peacekeeper. It can also be used to show which countries have the ability to use hard power to protect themselves and areas or other countries of interest. The level of military expenditure can also relate to the level of military technology a country possesses. For example, each country on the table are in possession of nuclear weaponry. Similarly, the USA, as the highest military spender, has 11 aircraft carriers compared to China who only has one. Overall, this is a good method of measuring superpower status. However, the data provided by this measure is distorted due to the exchange rate mechanism, it would be better if purchasing power parity was used instead. The measure of Olympic medals (2012) shows the USA at the top with a total of 104 medals, 46 of which were gold. This measure is beneficial, although arguably less so than the others, as it can show a countries ability to fund Olympic sport programmes whereby representative have access to some of the finest training and equipment in the world. It could potentially show the size of a population as it could be argued that the larger the population the more choice of representatives you are likely to have. Participation in...
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...Article summary: Most of multinational cooperation attempt to expend their market share by entering international market. As companies desire to maintain their core value presents in different countries, setting strategies and directions play a critical role. It has been discus in recent decade that the truly globalization highly relate to localization. These two articles indicate few important ideas while a multinational cooperation approach to their explanation. An efficient organization built up a firm structure to implement its strategies, including business development, market penetration and decision-making process. In a growing market, a company usually relies on top-down system that makes sure the strategies being execute under the guideline. By this method, it did successfully build up brand awareness and takedown the market share. This implementation would work in the market where the company was found. The strategies were conduct in an environment where is well been analysis. However, once the organization expends to international market, the relationship between headquarter and subsidiaries could lead to different outcome. Within different markets, could the organization always achieve its goal under the same rule? The managers should realize there are no two markets are the same. The flexibility of decision-making process and implement strategies should be concern. The decision-making center should build up the communication channel and respect the regional expertise...
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...discussion of organization member behaviour (Rue & Byars, 2009). As recent research pointed out that organization member behaviour can be affect by many factors, yet values have long been considered important to explain action in and around organization (Schwartz,1992; Potocan & Nedelko, 2011). In this essay mainly focus on how personal value as a vital diver of working and behaviour. Different person may have different value that leads different thought, attitude and behaviour, whereas understand how value drive a personal behaviour is not only important for a manager but affect the organizational behaviour as well (Collins & Porras, 2002). Therefore, the discussion will emphasize how personal values adjust into a group or an organization; and how personal values influence the organization behaviour. Besides, the discussion will go through the influence of personality to give further discussion on how an individual fit into an organization. The Hofstede’s Cultural Framework and The Big Five Personality Model will be used to explain how value and personality drive individual behaviour. 2.0 Discussion 2.1 Values Values represent a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct or end-state of existence (Robbins & Judge, 2013). Value is a conception, explicit or implicit, that defines what individual or a group regards as desirable (Rue & Byars,...
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...In Paradise of the Blind, Duong explores the effect of individual values, and their role in the creation of identity. In post-war Vietnam, two set of values are at odds; communistic values are in direct competition with traditional values. One set of collective values, and one set of individual values. Across a single family, these values can be observed, along with their effects on its members. Through the actions and interactions of her characters, Duong demonstrates that individual values are an important part of one’s identity. Aunt Chinh and her family hold communist values, and these values detract from their identities. Communism, by its very definition, encourages sameness, and a lack of individuality. Citizens ruled by communism have less identity because they are all expected to be the same. They receive the same treatment, the same resources, and are expected to not to be different from each other. When Que walks the streets of Residence K with Aunt Chinh, Aunt Chinh does not want to be seen...
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...Have Different Behavior and Value China is a developing country. After China was established, it experienced Cultural Revolution, Open Door Policy, and Economic Reforms. Chinese people were impressed as fossil by foreigners before thirty years, but the condition has changed by these years. With pushing the Open Door Policy into effect, Chinese people’s mind are opened either. They do not be old-fashioned any more. They welcome and accept new stuff coming into China. They have their own opinion and speech rather than fossil. In contemporary, Chinese can show their real reaction except against the Party. Their behavior and value are different with the development of China. Some people are influenced by West Culture. They looks fashion and brave to show up their opinion. People live in cities obtain more new and advanced stuff than people live in suburban areas. Also, they can get better education. In other words, urbanized areas are richer than suburbs. Therefore, more and more people like to immigrant to cities. Because of the diversification of population in cities, more and more different value and behaviors disappear. In these two movies, Cell Phone and Betelnut, present people’s different behavior and value in different background and period, respectively. Characters in movies just represent a part of people’s behaviors and value. No matter what these value and behaviors are right or not, they are constructive of this society in China. However, every people has different behaviors...
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...produced directly by different species and the quality of these resources depend on other species activities. According to the convention of biological diversity "Biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” The important question however, is can we put a value on biodiversity? The total value in many ways is infinite. Earth’s economies “would grind to a halt, without the services of ecological life-support systems” (Costanza et al 97). According to Freeman. (1998) to understand the true value of something, one must first define what that thing is and what the world would possibly be like without that particular entity. The following essay will review the methods available to assign value to biodiversity. This will be done in terms of its ecosystem services,...
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...Value Congruence and Organisational Success Introduction One thing that is common around the world is diversity. Across different continents, countries, cultures, homes and individuals lay differences in terms of thinking and behaviour. The modern age has allowed an intermingling of these cultures to take place with great ease. This affects not only the individuals but also the organisations they work in. Organisations employ a range of people that are diverse in different respects and this diversity can determine whether an organisation succeeds or not. One way in which people vary greatly is in terms of their values. Values are the beliefs people hold that particular ways of behaving concerning certain matters are better or preferred over other ways. (Robbins & Judge, 2013) Organisational behaviour is the way people conduct themselves in the context of the organisation. (Robbins & Judge, 2013) Although an organisation hires individuals for the skills they can provide the organisation with, this does not stop them from providing the organisation with the rest of their person which can prove to be helpful or problematic. There are times when individuals have certain values and the organisation has different values, this value incongruence is a determinant of an organisation’s effectiveness and thus it is important to look into it and address it. The topic of values is vastly broad and this essay will attempt to give a better understanding of individual values, organisational...
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...disadvantages of allowing different treatments to be used under international accounting standards for items such as goodwill. Answer. Goodwill means an intangible asset which provides a competitive advantage, such as a strong brand, reputation, or high employee morale. In an acquisition, goodwill appears on the balance sheet of the acquirer in the amount by which the purchase price exceeds the net tangible assets of the acquired company (www.investorwords.com). There are two types of goodwill, one is internally generated goodwill and another one is external or purchased goodwill. Internally generated goodwill is supposed to reflect the reputation and other positive characteristics of the business which are all difficult to put a value on (www.staffs.ac.uk). Internally generated goodwill is based on the value of a business as a whole and the value of its net assets. Because of internal goodwill has not been paid and it does not have an ‘objective’ value, and goodwill changes every day, internally generated goodwill should not appear on the Balance Sheet. Purchased goodwill is the excess of purchase price over fair value of the net assets of the business acquired by the purchaser. Purchased goodwill is based on transaction with third party at arm’s length. It is recognized by the acquirer as asset from the acquisition date. Accounting standards allow two methods of calculating goodwill: The proportionate (traditional) method and the fair value method. Goodwill is the...
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...therefore result in different companies valuing similar assets very differently” Financial reporting attempts to measure the worth of assets, a concept that is inherently subjective and arbitrary. We can never know the true value of an asset, and rather than being an objective truth, valuations are always biased. Financial reporting is used for different purposes by different users and so each different way might be appropriate in different circumstances and values are affected by the purpose of measurement. Property, plant and equipment are the main non-current assets that a company holds. Similar assets can be valued differently in different companies due to several different factors which I will discuss in this essay. Tangible non-current assets are usually valued by using the historical cost, which is the initial cost of acquiring the asset to the company. The IFRS states that the historical cost of an item not only includes the price paid for it, but also “any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.” This includes transportation and labour costs, and the cost of site preparation. Different companies may have different views on whether costs involved in bringing the asset into use should be counted as part of the asset or an expense, and often small costs that should be capitalised are recorded as expenses for convenience. Costs added to the value of the asset...
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...Value Alignment for PepsiCo For organizations to attain a competitive advantage in today’s business environment they are employing a diverse and multicultural workforce. This diversification permits organizations to focus on developing products and services that reach numerous cultures. This diversification also allows various cultural and ethical standards to be integrated into their strategic plans. It is the duty of top level executives in an organization to impart ethical, moral, and the company vision to its employees. Executives must “walk the talk.” In this brief analysis, Learning Team D will examine the origin and subsequent evolution of both PepsiCo’s workplace values and personal values. An explanation of how individual values drive actions and behaviors will be reviewed along with an analysis of the degree of alignment between PepsiCo’s stated values and their plans and actions. Finally Team D will explain the differences and analyze the degree of alignment between our values and PepsiCo’s values as reflected in their plans and actions. Evolution of Personal and Workplace Values Most individuals derive attitudes relating to personal responsibility through their upbringing and family interactions. Many value concepts learned early in life influence individual perceptions and subsequently affect (through demonstrated traits) ‘learned’ behaviors that relate to speech, personal beliefs (faith), work environments, and interpersonal activities (Davis, & Keyser,...
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...ahead with the Pipeline Project. Once we obtained the UFCF, the terminal value was calculated in three different ways, treating the pipeline as an asset on our books, finding the value of project if cash flows are received for perpetuity an finding the annuity value of cash flows for 30 years by assuming that after 1992 cash flows go on for 30 years. We did this to show a sensitivity analysis, but from our results we observed that values calculated from all the three methods were almost the same. We calculated the WACC using the return on assets derived by unlevering the equity beta of Celeron, which was comparable to the project at hand since Celeron was in the business of operating natural gas pipelines and processing facilities. To ensure a thorough discussion, we did a sensitivity analysis by calculating the WACC using a range of different capital structures namely Goodyear’s and Celeron’s current debt to market value of equity, debt to book value of equity, and 100% equity structure. However, our analysis showed that the capital structure did not have a significant impact on the WACCs and the values ranged between 17.35 to 17.67%. To determine the NPV of the project, we discounted the values of unlevered free cash flows from the project and terminal value of the pipeline project by the weighted average cost of capital. The resulting NPVs using the different values for the WACC and terminal values from our respective three methods were clearly...
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...1 Ratings of the respondents to the different treatments of Potato fries in terms of color. Aroma | Rating Scale 4 3 2 1 | Total | Mean | Description | Interpretation | T1 | 11 | 32 | 17 | 0 | 174 | 2.90 | Attractive | Acceptable | T2 | 40 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 212 | 3.53 | Very Attractive | Highly Acceptable | T3 | 30 | 14 | 14 | 2 | 192 | 3.20 | Attractive | Acceptable | T4 | 21 | 22 | 13 | 4 | 180 | 3.00 | Attractive | Acceptable | Section Mean | | 3.16 | Attractive | Acceptable | Table1.1 shows the ratings of the respondents on the different treatments of potato fries on sensory evaluation in terms of color. Treatment 2 got the highest mean of 3.53 followed by Treatment 3 with a mean of 3.20. Treatment 4 obtained a mean of 3.00 treatment 1 got the lowest mean of 2.90. The result implies that the color of the treatment of potato fries are “attractive” and interpreted as “acceptable” as reflected by the section mean of 3.16. Table 1.2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the different treatments of Potato fries in terms of Color. Sources of Variance | Sum of Squares | DF | Means of Squares | F- computed | F- tab0.05 0.01 | Treatments | 14.05 | 3 | 4.68 | 6.88 | 3.13 4.58 | Error | 159.93 | 236 | 0.68 | | | Total | 173.98 | 239 | | | | * *Significant Difference ( At 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance) | Table 1.2 shows the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the different treatments of potato fries in terms...
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