...INTRODUCTION The emergence of Internet enabled a low cost of information sharing and dissemination, independent of the existing distance between the producer and the consumer of the information. This new environment allowed access of a growing number of individuals and customers to new kinds of businesses that has been continuously revealed. This novelty is changing the environment where corporations, governments and communities interact. The changes are, especially, in the way information is received, processed, sent and stored. In this new environment, speed, flexibility and innovation are essential. (Winfried Lamersdorf, 2004) The Novelty of bringing out new products into the market with innovates ideas and upgrading it self according to the current market needs with a break through in getting any information on WWW (World Wide Web), Smart Phones and placing it self in various market segemets helped Google to be a Strategic Marketing Planner and to be the among the top most businesses in the dot com industry. Planning Process: There are various formulations of planning process (Boyce et al, 1970; Lichfield et al., 1975; Harris, 1965). Like (a) the formulation of objectives in relation to the general goals, problems and the regional context; (b) the provision of an outline of alternative strategies of growth; (c) the testing and evaluation of alternative strategies; (d) decision making. Lynch (2000) explains that every organization has to manage its strategies in...
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...- 13 - Uditha Liyanage Abstract Strategy is often confused with planning. The many definitions and delineations of strategy, which highlight one or more aspects of strategy, while ignoring the others, have led to a state of confusion as to what strategy really is. This is evident in the content-analysis of the vision, mission and value statements of a number of companies. Not only were the analysedanalyzed company- - specific statements vague and general, they were also unrelated to one another. Specifically, the espoused values were generic and terminal in nature and unrelated to the tasks and goals at hand. To avoid the confusion in the minds of practitioners, and as reflected in the literature itself, a Strategy Quadrant (content), consisting of Stand, Standing, Shared values and Steps is proposed. The process of developing the 4Ss of strategy is delineated in terms of Mintzberg's "think/see/do first" processes (Strategy Triangle). The context ofcontext of strategy is defined in terms of stability and complexity (Strategy Duality). It is argued that, in complex and unstable contexts, the traditional mode of "think-first" deliberate strategies which set "thinking" apart from "doing" is becoming increasingly ineffective. The unpredictability of complex contexts, in which we operate, leave us with no choice but to be markedly adaptive rather than attempt to be overly prepared. Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) are the order of the day, and the organization's Standing...
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...Al Khattab, Adel and Anchor, J.R The Use of Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques by Hotels in Jordan Original Citation Aldehayyat, Jehad S., Al Khattab, Adel and Anchor, J.R (2010) The Use of Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques by Hotels in Jordan. Working Paper. Emerging Markets Research Group University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. (Unpublished) This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/7507/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • • • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: E.mailbox@hud.ac.uk. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ The Use of Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques by Hotels in Jordan ABSTRACT Purpose This paper aims to understand the use of strategic planning tools and techniques and the nature of its...
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...Chapter 1 Mastering Strategy: Art and Science LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to understand and articulate answers to the following questions: 1. What are strategic management and strategy? 2. Why does strategic management matter? 3. What elements determine firm performance? Strategic Management: A Core Concern for Apple The Opening of the Apple Store Image courtesy of Neil Bird, http://www.flickr.com/photos/nechbi/2058929337. March 2, 2011, was a huge day for Apple. The firm released its much-anticipated iPad2, a thinner and faster version of market-leading Apple’s iPad tablet device. Apple also announced that a leading publisher, Random House, had made all seventeen thousand of its books available through Apple’s iBookstore. Apple had enjoyed tremendous success for quite some time. Approximately fifteen million iPads were sold in 2010, and the price of Apple’s stock had more than tripled from early 2009 to early 2011. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 4 But future success was far from guaranteed. The firm’s visionary founder Steve Jobs was battling serious health problems. Apple’s performance had suffered when an earlier health crisis had forced Jobs to step away from the company. This raised serious questions. Would Jobs have to step away again? If so, how might Apple maintain its excellent performance without its leader? Meanwhile, the iPad2 faced daunting competition. Samsung...
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...identified strategies most frequently used by their managers. These strategies were identified using the Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix, a situational model in which the identification of levels of innovation and risk lead to prescriptions of appropriate strategies. Concurrently, this model was empirically tested and its validity supported. Of the strategies used, the five most common were: “work to create a competitive advantage,” “maintain innovation,” “lower the costs of developing and/or maintaining one’s venture,” “defend product/service as it is now,” and “create a first mover advantage.” In addition, there were no differences between the use of strategies by entrepreneurs in service and manufacturing industries. CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION There is a comprehensive body of literature on strategic planning (Porter 1996), the effects of strategic planning on performance (Veliyath and Shortell 1993), and the effects of strategic planning on small business performance (Covin and Slevin 1991; Watts and Ormbsy 1990). Much of the research on the effects of strategic planning on small business performance focuses on comparing differences between those that conduct formal planning and those that do not (Robinson and Pearce 1983). However, this study found no empirical investigations that focus on non-formal small business entrepreneurial planners, nor any that identify the wide variety of strategies used by them. The most common strategy construct...
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...BUSINESS STRATEGIES Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes.[1] Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise and involves specifying the organization's objectives, developing policies and plans designed to achieve these objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans. Academics and practicing managers have developed numerous models and frameworks to assist in strategic decision making in the context of complex environments and competitive dynamics.[2] Strategic management is not static in nature; the models often include a feedback loop to monitor execution and inform the next round of planning.[3][4][5] Harvard Professor Michael Porter identifies three principles underlying strategy: creating a "unique and valuable [market] position", making trade-offs by choosing "what not to do", and creating "fit" by aligning company activities with one another to support the chosen strategy.[6] Dr. Vladimir Kvint defines strategy as "a system of finding, formulating, and developing a doctrine that will ensure long-term success if followed faithfully."[7] Corporate strategy involves answering a key question from a portfolio perspective: "What business should we be in?" Business strategy involves answering the...
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...UNIT: Developing Corporate Culture Topic: Political Organization’s Culture In Pakistan BY: M Muneeb Ullah Sandhu Unit Contents: * Introduction to culture. * Culture of political parties. * Brief details of PTI * Cultural Profile of PTI * Climate of PTI * Communication & PTI WHAT IS CULTURE? Def. Culture is the values and practices shared by the member of a group (source notes) Hence a corporate culture is values and practices shared by the people in that company Key Points Regarding Culture * A Companies culture can make or break the company. * Company’s culture can be changed. But it can be difficult in some cases. * It can be changed as the targets of the company changes. * Company culture changes and evolves over time. But not in all cases if it is strong culture. * It changes from one environment to another. (E.g. Multinational companies) Explanation in My Views: Any human organization develops culture over time, from small family business to global national companies to village and country try to develop its own culture over time. It is like an iceberg whose very small portion can be seen while travelling in sea but the major portion of it is under water, which can only be observed when you get under water. Now, Why it is important? It is important as every organization try to develop its own unique identity. Here I think it is important to define organization...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Strategy * Strategy: Theory of how to gain competitive advantages. (How competition is going to evolve, and how that evolution can be exploited for competitive advantage.) Based on knowledge of the marketplace and based on the firm’s capabilities and resources. a) Being different from your rivals b) Creating value while containing costs c) Deciding what to do and what NOT to do d) Combining activities to land in a unique market position e) Making long-term commitments that may not be easily reversible f) A constant decision-making process * Theories answer, “If we do X, then we will get Y.” * Strategy management process: a sequential set of analyses and choices that can increase the likelihood that a firm will choose a good strategy. * Why do we exist? (MissionObjectives) Can we compete? (External/ Internal Analysis) How do we succeed? (Strategic ChoiceStrategy Implementation)Competitive Advantage Success = Sustained Competitive Advantage * Strategy and the Strategic Management Process * Mission: long-term purpose, define both what a firm aspires to be in the long run and what it wants to avoid in the meantime. * Mission Statements: written down form; strategic decisions fail when mission statement is not followed * Key question to address: What is our business? What is our reason for being? Whom do we want to serve? * Is it good? An excellent mission statement...
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...FROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and...
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...Competition & Strategy Semester: Fall 2014 Instructor: Robert Crooke BA MBA FCA Class Location: Section A: Kensington, 17 Young Street, YS2 Section B: Kensington, Asa Briggs Hall, B212 Class Meeting Time: Section A: Tuesday/ Thursday 12.00-1.20 Section B: Tuesday/ Thursday 9.00-10.20 Office: Adjunct Office 3rd floor 16 Young Street Office Hours: 11.00-11.50 Phone: 0207-368-8601 Email: crooker@richmond.ac.uk VLE (Virtual Learning Environment: Blackboard will provide the Virtual Learning Environment from Fall 2014 onwards, and can be accessed via the portal (https://my.richmond.ac.uk/) This syllabus should be read in conjunction with the Course Specification Document; the University Catalogue; and the relevant Programme Specification (via the University’s website http://www.richmond.ac.uk) Course Description: The course focuses on strategic analysis and evaluation, long-range planning and policy implementation. Early lectures outline the basic strategic analysis models and case study analyses relate to both the firm's internal operations and the environment in which it operates. Prerequisites: Completion of the FNN, or INB, or MKT Core courses Aims and Objectives: The Course aims to develop within the student a full understanding of the nature and role of competition and strategy. It aims to introduce students to strategic management concepts and to increase students’ awareness of the role that strategic management...
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...Strategic Marketing Planning SOUTH WEST ARTS MARKETING APRIL 2002 STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING Introduction Strategic Marketing Planning is one of a series of publications produced by South West Arts Marketing for South West Arts and Bristol City Council. The guides are intended as an introduction to arts marketing and as a practical guide for artists and organisations working with very limited resources. Further information and advice on any of the topics covered in this guide or any other issue related to arts marketing, training, audience profiling, research or regional support networks are available from South West Arts Marketing on 0117-927 6936. South West Arts Marketing is an independent agency established to add value to arts marketing activity in the South West by providing strategic services and support to artists and arts organisations wishing to increase and broaden their arts audiences. For further information about the range of support and services available contact: South West Arts Marketing St Nicholas Church St Nicholas Street Bristol BS1 1UE Tel: Fax: e-mail: 0117-927 6936/41 0117-927 6936 info@swam.org.uk South West Arts Marketing is funded by South West Arts, Bristol City Council and Arts Council of England. STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING What is Marketing? To be successful, an organisation must constantly try to match its own capabilities to the needs of its customers both current and potential as well as all of its stakeholders. Over the years marketing...
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...INTRODUCTION WELCOME TO THIS CASE STUDY PROGRAMME! The Jollibee case study should be appealing to many candidates given the familiar nature of the product. Although very little is known about the brand, given the recent ‘silent’ entry into the Singapore market without much fanfare, we all know should be familiar with how the fast food industry operates. The case certainly has all the “ingredients” of a strategic management case study although at the first reading of the case, with a clear focus on international expansion strategies. The good news is that we are given very clear information regarding the strategic directions of the company. We will discuss this later in another section. The case deals with that aspect of strategic management known as services. It also has information on market analysis, competition and positioning. The problem I feel with the case study is that there are no immediate problems to resolve, in that Jollibee seems to have been performing well and their international expansion strategies seem to be on track to grow the business further. This I feel is the crux of the whole case study. To this end, the Jollibee case study needs to be addressed from only ONE perspective - SUSTAINABILITY in the light of increasing competition and changing market demographics. Areas of focus in the case It is imperative that when we approach this case, we MUST adopt a strategic perspective and NOT be concerned about the operational issues. Fortunately, the case seems to...
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.................................. 1 Benefits and Significance of Change Management ............................................... 5 Kurt Lewin Model: Assumptions and Implications ............................................... 8 Implications af Kurt Lewin Model....................................................................... 12 Some Basic Concepts and Definitions ................................................................. 15 Transactional Vs. Transformational Leadership .................................................. 18 Theories of Change in Organisations................................................................... 21 Life Cycle Theory ................................................................................................ 22 Teleological Theories of Change ......................................................................... 25 Dialectical Theories of Change............................................................................ 27 A Dialectical Approach to Organisational Strategy and Planning ....................... 29 Limitation of Dialectics; DA and DI.................................................................... 31 Theories of Change in Organisations................................................................... 33 Application of Evolutionary Theory .................................................................... 35 Further Application of Evolutionary Theories..................................................... 36 Greiner’s...
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...CHAPTER 1 – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Strategy: formulation of organizational missions, goals, objectives and actions plans (how the organization intends to achieve its goals Mintzberg’s 5 P’s of Strategy: i. Plan: intended course of action a firm has selected to deal with a situation ii. Purpose: consistent stream of action that sometimes are the result of a deliberate plan and sometimes the result of emergent actions based on reactions to environmental changes or shifting of assumptions iii. Ploy: specific manoeuvre at the tactical level with a short time horizon iv. Position: the location of an organization relative to its competitors and other environmental factors v. Perspective: gestalt or personality of the organization HR Planning Notebook 1.1 – Description of Strategy Strategy: declaration of intent (considered as both plan and purpose) Strategic Intent: tangible corporate goal; point of view about the competitive positions a company hopes to build over a decade Strategy Formulation: entire process of conceptualizing the mission of an organization, identifying the strategy, and developing long-range performance goals Strategy Implementation: activities that ees and managers of an organization undertake to enact the strategic plan and achieve the performance goals Objectives: the end, the goals Plans: product of strategy, the means to the end Strategic Plan: written statement that outlines the future goals of an organization...
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...support the postulate that an interactive use of MCS favours innovation. They suggest this may be the case only in low-innovating firms, while the effect is in the opposite direction in high-innovating firms. No evidence is found either in favour of an indirect effect of the interactive use of MCS on performance acting through innovation. In contrast, the proposition that the impact of innovation on performance is moderated by the style of use of MCS is supported, with results indicating that the explanatory power of a model that regresses performance on innovation is significantly enhanced by the inclusion of this moderating effect. Ó 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction In recent years there has been an increased interest in examining the relationships between product innovation and the use of formal man- agement control systems (MCS). 1 Understanding how an organization can use its...
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