...Chapter 2 An Overview of Formal Methods Tools and Techniques The goal of this chapter is to give an overview of the different approaches and tools pertaining to formal methods. We do not attempt to be exhaustive, but focus instead on the main approaches. After reading the chapter the reader will be familiar with the terminology of the area, as well as with the most important concepts and techniques. Moreover the chapter will allow the reader to contextualise and put into perspective the topics that are covered in detail in the book. Why do we need an overview of formal methods? Why not just study one rigorous method for software development? This is a very pertinent and legitimate question. The behavioural essence of software is not captured by a unique unified mathematical theory. Such a general foundation is unlikely to exist. Think for instance about the diversity of programming language paradigms and theories, and the resulting jungle of existing computer programming languages. Is there a definite paradigm (or, even, language) that makes obsolete all the other ones? Clearly not. Different languages will be chosen by different people to solve the same problem, and someone may well use different languages to solve different problems. Similarly, depending on the goals of the software designers and of the verification process, one may prefer a theory over another one, and even use more than one theory (and related formal methods techniques and tools), in the context of the development...
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...field. With the lines in either curved or straight people can see the aspects of how differently each artwork can be. I do not believe that the artists can swap in the linage of the other and get the same effect they were going for. * * * * * This piece of artwork shows how people in higher society in Europe lived back then. With the numerous children in fancy clothes, a large hallway with many pieces of artwork on the walls this was living. We can only imagine what the artist is painting in the artwork but I do believe that they are doing a family portrait of the children. Velazquez brought shadows and light into this piece to bring out hoe formal a setting can be with the children back then. Look at the dresses and how they come away from the children like only formal women would be wearing. Also in the back ground there is a presence of the church with the nanny and priest over looking the children. With any nobility presence is the key, just like in this picture. You really do not see the parents but they are there. In the...
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...BUSINESS 111 Non-BBA NEW VENTURE PROJECT Introduction The New Venture Project will test your group’s ability to: perform independent research and write a formal business report, make a formal presentation of your findings, and manage the time and skills of your group members. The objective of this assignment is to persuade your audience/potential investors that you have identified an opportunity that fills an important gap in the market. You are asked to identify an idea for a new venture and conduct an environmental analysis (PEST, Five Forces, size of market) to prove that your idea is worth funding. Essentially, you are answering two questions: What is your idea and why does it represent a worthwhile opportunity in the business environment? This project is worth 20 marks of your BU111 final grade and consists of three components: • 4 marks for the New Venture Preliminary Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 noon; turnitin and peer evaluations due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 midnight • 10 marks for the Final Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 noon and turnitin and peer evaluations BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 midnight) • 6 marks for the New Venture Presentations (done in Labs #10 or #11 as assigned by TA – peer evaluations due BEFORE Wednesday, December 5th at 12 midnight) Details on what is required and how to complete and submit each of the above components are provided below...
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... consisting of a silky cascading gown with trousers, Ao Dai has become the icon of Vietnamese feminine beauty. The ao dai has its way to differentiate its own effortless yet unique style, modified throughout three hundred years of history making it suitable for its environment, yet still remains popular and influential in the modern day Vietnamese culture, gradually growing its way out of borders. Today, due to its timelessness, the ao dai remained the national dress for both Vietnamese women and men. Body Paragraph #1 Topic Sentence “Ao Dai” literally meaning “Long Dress”, is a pure, demure, and yet provocative outfit that suits all ages. Evidence Analysis Ao Dai has become the most preferred dress on an everyday wear and during formal events for Vietnamese women. Transition Ao Dai is a two piece attire, thorough length, worn over silky trousers. It is split by a front and back panel, making it convenient for movement. Women wear ao dai in varied colors and patterns, expressed of the wearer’s age and status. Young schoolgirls wear...
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...doing and why. Do not use a long quotation in the first paragraph. A smaller quotation or a phrase is fine as long as it does not begin or end the paragraph. Offer your idea to introduce your thoughts and then provide the thesis. One way to start a formal rhetorical analysis of a novel is to begin with a focused paragraph of context. This is fine as long as the paragraph is not overly long or general. Do not offer a discussion of slavery or morality that the text does not offer. Stay specific to the universe established in the text. This paragraph may involve summary, but the summary is focused on the point you are making about the novel. Do not provide a summary of the entire novel here. Another way to start the analysis is to get straight to it. Either way, each paragraph must have a topic sentence and appropriate transitions. Topic sentence that sets up and provides context for the point you want to make about the text and helps set up the evidence. You may need two sentences to accomplish the goal. Quotations should typically not be more than three lines long; however, if you do choose a longer quotation, you must format it as a block quote if it is more than four lines long, and you must provide at least as much analysis as you do quotation, preferably more. Provide proper citation. You may also use paraphrasing, but direct quotation offers the strongest argument to your point. The topic...
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...EURIDIS Research Monograph SCHEMATIC EVALUATION OF INTERNAL ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEMS Kuo-Tay Chen* and Ronald M. Lee# * Department of Management Purdue University at Calumet Hammond, IN 46323 U.S.A. chenk@pucal.bitnet # Erasmus University Research Institute for Decision and Information Systems (EURIDIS) Erasmus University Rotterdam The Netherlands rlee@fac.fbk.eur.nl ERASMUS UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR DECISION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS Schematic Evaluation of Internal Accounting Control Systems by Kuo-Tay Chen and Ronald M. Lee Monograph No. RM-1992-08-1 (August 11, 1992) EURIDIS Research Monograph Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands © Kuo-Tay Chen and Ronald M. Lee Permission to copy this monograph without fee is granted provided that (1) the copies are not distributed for the direct commercial purpose and (2) this copyright page including the copyright notice, the EURIDIS monograph number, and date appear. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................... 1 1.2 MOTIVATION ............................................. 3 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY .......................... 4 1.4 ISSUES OF INTEREST .................................. 6 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY................................. 7 1.6 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY .................. 8 CHAPTER 2. DECISION AIDS RESEARCH FOR INTERNAL CONTROL EVALUATION ............................................
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...Development (MDD) is to specify requirements of systems in a formal (usually graphical) notation. UML is the initial and dominant modelling phase in software engineering arena. If errors are occurring in this phase of software development itself, it will cost a lot. Hence it is crucial to detect model level errors in the initial phase rather than later stages of software development. An approach to automatically verifying models composed of UML state machines. This approach helps in checking safety/liveness, properties, trace refinement, relationships and so on with the help of PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) and CSP (communicating sequential programs). 1 1 1.1 Introduction State Machines The concepts behind state machines are about organizing the way a device, computer program, or other (often technical) process works such that an entity or each of its sub-entities is always in exactly one of a number of possible states and where there are well-defined conditional transitions between these states. The UML state diagrams are directed graphs in which nodes denote states and connectors denote state transitions. In UML, states are represented as rounded rectangles labeled with state names. The transitions, represented as arrows, are labeled with the triggering events followed optionally by the list of executed actions. 1.1.1 UML State Machine Components Figure 1: State Machine. As in Fig. 1, the initial transition originates from the solid circle and specifies the default...
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...Examining the Change Process in a Vocational College in Chicago Though organizations most often do not adopt formal change models in their organizational cultures, change models manifest themselves in modified versions consistent with those that have already been researched. A vocational college in downtown Chicago, Illinois has a change model process which resembles the complexity model. The complexity model of organizational fits closely with the culture of the vocational college. The outcomes resulting from this change model vary. Inhibitors to the change process have stifled change progression in this organization. Change agents in the organization are not readily identifiable making it tough to determining who leads change in the vocational college. This composition will examine the aforementioned aspects of the change process as it relates to the vocational college in detail. Conclusions drawn from this analysis will be based on how it compares to using other change models found in research. A more stable and formal change model might be more effective in this vocational college. If the organization sticks to its current change model, success can be realized if all essential steps are complete. Background on the Change Process The vocational college has recently faced mandatory new construction in the English as a Second Language department of the college. The new construction has forced the college to become denser concerning classroom space. This has caused the other...
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...strategies and clear objectives. In strategizing effective communication, the following points need to be observed: The channels of communication should be specifically identified. Provide proper formal channel of communication to every member of an organization. Keep the line of communication as direct and short as possible. The complete formal line of communication should be consistently used. There should be reliable and competent people serving as communication centers. There should be no interruption in the line of communication while the organization is functioning. Every communication should be validated. Open Communication, inclusive communication, two-way communication, results-driven communication, and multi-channeled are the basic effective communication strategies used by corporate world to meet their change objectives. When it comes to communicating “Bad News” such as office cutbacks or workforce reduction, it is crucial not to catch the employees completely off guard and cause extreme negative reactions. According to Robert J. Bies in the article “The Delivery of Bad News in Organizations”, delivering the “Bad News” is the most discomforting routines that a managers faces. Since the news has to delivered, I would use the three phase delivery (Preparation, Delivery and Transition), which is intended to minimize anger, blame and sense unfairness. Preparation: When employees are able to psychologically prepare for bad news they tend to handle it better. Preparation involves...
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...Benchmark - Research Critique Part 2 View Rubric Due Date: Apr 19, 2015 23:59:59 Max Points: 150 Details: Prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study focusing on protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, problem statement, and interpretation of findings. The quantitative research article can be from your previous literature review or a new peer-reviewed article. Each study analysis will be 1,000-1,250 words and submitted in one document. As with the assignments in Topics 1-3, this should connect to your identified practice problem of interest. Refer to the resource entitled “Research Critique Part 2.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative, in the structure of a formal paper. You are also required to include an Introduction and Conclusion. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Submit the assignment along with an electronic version of the article used for the analysis. If an electronic version is not available, submit a clean unmarked copy of the article. NRS433V.v10R.ResearchCritiquePart2Guidelines_student.docx ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Congruence Model is one of the diagnostic tools that will be spoken about extensively in this paper in regards to the two companies being assessed, Circuit City and Linens-n-Things. The Congruence Model assumes that a company is most effective when its elements are compatible and work together in a fluid manner. The elements that comprise the model are tasks (the specific duties carried out, people (the skills, knowledge and individuals who comprise the organization, formal organizational arrangement (structures, processes, and policies,), and culture (the unstated beliefs and values of the organization). The model is best explained as an input of strategy and an output of performance (Mind Tools Ltd., 2012) ensuring that the four elements work together within that process. I chose to use the congruence model to analyze both Circuit City and Linens-n-Things because this model‘s best fit is for companies going through a transitional period. Both Linen-n-Things and Circuit City have gone through major transitions during their years of business, both dealing with a changing economical market, competition with competitors, pressure to stay up with current market trends, and customer demand. These incremental changes gave way to the transformational changes of bankruptcy and then a...
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...The following is a compiled list of all assignments to be completed in the case study. The specific details are found in each Section assignment. 1. a. Identify realistic long-term and short-term process and outcome goals. b. Ensure goals are related to business strategy and explain why each is important. 2. a. Develop a formal talent philosophy, HR strategy, and specific staffing strategy. b. Address each of the nine strategic staffing decisions. c. Explain each of your recommendations for the nine decisions. 3. a. Use stock, flow, and concentration statistics to determine if any evidence of discrimination exists. b. Recommend strategies to alleviate any discrimination you find. 4. a. Using O*Net and other sources of data, create a job requirements matrix. b. For each competency or KSAO, decide if it should be used to hire or plan to develop. c. Estimate how important each characteristic is relative to the others as well as the relative time spent on each job duty. d. Create a job rewards matrix. 5. a. Conduct a transition analysis. b. Summarize the internal labor market and highlight any trends or forecasted gaps. c. Based on the transition probability matrix, calculate how many new full-time sales associates should be hired externally. d. Calculate the number of applicants needed to acquire the number of new hires you forecasted. e. Use multiple sources of data to describe the current and future labor market for retail salespeople. If you forecast a gap, determine...
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...Richard Dana Associates (RDA) was brought in by the owners of a family-owned business with complex relationship issues at a time preceding an anticipated leadership transition. Following individual and group coaching sessions, RDA was able to help the leadership separate personal issues, and codify practices through formal policies to allow the leadership group to focus on business issues without personal complications. At the end of RDA's engagement, the client was well-positioned to begin developing a transition plan. Bob, founder, CEO, and owner of a 20-year-old, closely-held business, hoped to groom his 30-year-old son, Jack to take over the business in the next five years. The firm was currently co-run by Betty, the COO and Operations Manager. She was a longtime employee of the firm, and also had been Bob's life partner for most of that time. Both Jack and the firm were at a critical juncture, if Jack and the firm did not make a mutual commitment to each other in the next year or so, Jack would likely pursue alternative career options, closing a window of opportunity. And yet Jack was not privy to many of the decisions and financials underlying the company information that would allow him to make an objective decision about his future role in the firm and no plan existed to manage the transition. Jack and Bob's personal relationship had grown estranged, and both prone to intense emotional responses to work and personal issues. In addition, Betty felt that Jack...
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...Question 1 Communication across Computime is lacking. According to Wolcott and Lippitz, Computime lacks formal communication channels between Research and Development (R&D) and business unit engineers (2008). If the R&D unit is unaware of how Computime’s customers are innovating a product, how can the department anticipate needs and make adjustments prior to unveiling a new product? Communication needs addressed. Chinese engineers “tend to be less accustomed to sharing problems, offering ideas, and working in teams” (Wolcott & Lippitz, 2008). This is a barrier for Computime, as Chinese engineers may not be able to communicate effectively with the R&D units. To improve communication channels, Computime can use Frans Johnansson’s concept of making barriers fall, by embracing a range of cultures (2004). Computime can hire engineers who are familiar with the Chinese culture and have experience with Chinese workers. By hiring people who know best how to work with the Chinese, communication can improve. Through improved communication, employees will be able to share ideas about customers’ needs and further anticipate future products. Computime will need to create a sense of urgency regarding the importance of improved communication (Kotter, 2002). To create a sense of urgency, Computime will show videotapes of angry customers to employees. Hearing and seeing customer frustrations will help employees better understand the need for improved communication (Kotter, 2002). In order...
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...Richard Dana Associates (RDA) was brought in by the owners of a family-owned business with complex relationship issues at a time preceding an anticipated leadership transition. Following individual and group coaching sessions, RDA was able to help the leadership separate personal issues, and codify practices through formal policies to allow the leadership group to focus on business issues without personal complications. At the end of RDA's engagement, the client was well-positioned to begin developing a transition plan. Bob, founder, CEO, and owner of a 20-year-old, closely-held business, hoped to groom his 30-year-old son, Jack to take over the business in the next five years. The firm was currently co-run by Betty, the COO and Operations Manager. She was a longtime employee of the firm, and also had been Bob's life partner for most of that time. Both Jack and the firm were at a critical juncture, if Jack and the firm did not make a mutual commitment to each other in the next year or so, Jack would likely pursue alternative career options, closing a window of opportunity. And yet Jack was not privy to many of the decisions and financials underlying the company information that would allow him to make an objective decision about his future role in the firm and no plan existed to manage the transition. Jack and Bob's personal relationship had grown estranged, and both prone to intense emotional responses to work and personal issues. In addition, Betty felt that Jack...
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