...Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth and then shooting a water mixture at high speed is directed at the rocks which makes them release the gas inside. The term fracking refers to how the rocks are fractured by the high pressure water. They can drill vertically but most often drill horizontally to release gas. The state of Oklahoma has had a rapid increase of earthquakes which started back on 2008. The amount of earthquakes rose from only 2 in 2008, to 889 in 2015(1). The oil industry has tried to say that the earthquakes are natural, but it doesn’t add up due to the recent incline. In 2009, Oklahoma had over 32,000 oil wells, which is 9 percent of all the oil wells in Oklahoma(2). The increase in earthquakes started soon...
Words: 420 - Pages: 2
...Fracking may be a good investment in a method to produce oil & natural gas. However, the fracking process shouldn’t be continued since there is evidence that it is unsafe to the surrounding population. To start off, there is evidence that fracking can cause earthquakes in the surrounding area since fracking involves drilling, and pumping hazardous fluids deep into the ground. This is shown in the Fracking Fuels Energy Debate article, when it states, “When the fluids flow into cracks within the rock, they can create a bit of wiggle room that frees one rock slab enough to let it slide past its neighbor. That ground motion is an earthquake”(Gies 40). This shows, how the earthquakes are created by the fracking process, but at what intensity do...
Words: 684 - Pages: 3
...A new study of hundreds of thousands of hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking”) operations has found that the process has only caused earth tremors that could be felt on the surface in three cases. Hydraulic fracturing is the method by which sedimentary rock is deliberately cracked to recover oil and gas, including shale gas. The research, led by Durham University and entitled “Induced Seismicity and the Hydraulic Fracturing of Low Permeability Sedimentary Rocks” found that almost all of the resultant seismic activity was on such a small scale that only geoscientists would be able to detect it. Furthermore, it was discovered that the size and number of felt earthquakes caused by fracking is low compared to other manmade triggers such as mining, geothermal activity or reservoir water storage. But...
Words: 489 - Pages: 2
...Fracking is becoming a worldwide conversation. Hydraulic fracturing is what fracking really is. It has become a debate on whether it is good or bad for the earth. Fracking has negative effects against the earth. This happens by how fracking is done, and what happens to the earth when fracking is made. Fracking has also a big effect on human health. It can cause many health problems for the people, especially those who live by the site. Fracking is done by injecting very high pressurized mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the earth to break shale rock to release oil and/or gas to be used. Doing it this way has been connected to earthquakes occurring. Many people do not like this side effect of fracking, and are therefore discarding the idea of fracking. Fracking can also use fresh water to push out the oil and/or gas. By doing it this way a large amount of fresh water is used instead of providing freshwater for those in need. Facking sites are also very close to water systems, which makes it easy for the fracking chemicals to get absorbed in the water. The chemicals from fracking mixtures can get mixed into the water causing many health problems. The health problems have become a huge decision on whether fracking should stay or go. Since the fracking mixture can get into water, water pollution has...
Words: 465 - Pages: 2
...bones are turned into some sort of crystal. By the bone material being replaced by different minerals contained in the liquid of the sediments that buried it. This can also be done with shells, exoskeletons, and wood. 2) The slow movement of Earth’s plates can push and pull on the rock in the crust. These forces can crack the rock making a fault. A fault is a crack in the crust where slabs of rock can slip past one another. the largest faults are at the boundaries of the plates. Sometime part of one plate gets caught on the rough edge of another. Pressure builds and the plates can break, which causes an Earthquake to begin.Earthquakes happen in Japan. 3) Scientist measure Earthquakes by using a magnitude scale. A magnitude scale measures the amount of energy that comes from an earthquake. Earthquakes with a low magnitude release little energy and do little damage. Earthquakes can’t be predicted to any degree, it’s been tested several times, and it just never worked. 5) A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. Eruptions occur from pressure being built up. Volcanoes are formed when hardened lava turns into solid rock, built up over time the rock forms into a mountain. Sometimes,...
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
...the future. When there is a place that has many low magnitude earthquakes the frequency is typically low. On the contrary when there is a single earthquake with a larger magnitude the frequency can be very high. 2. The P waves(Primary waves) work in a “compressional motion,” also known as body waves. The P waves travel at a speed of 5-8 km/s through the earth. When an event like this occurs it sounds like a low thundering noise. The S waves(Secondary wave) are more inconsistent in their movements. When this event occurs the ground shakes and roads and sidewalks start to rip apart. Even though the P waves are the bulky body waves, the S waves are way more destructive. Surface waves, these include Love and Rayleigh waves. These waves travel in a long pattern stretching out over the waves path. Surface waves move a little slower than the P or S waves, however they can cause way more damage. There are three ways to measure earthquakes; the two types of Mercalli Intensity Scales, Shake maps, and Richter Magnitude Scale. The Mercalli Scales are based on how forceful the shaking is and the amount of the damage done. Shake Maps sometimes show the history and range of ground movement helping to monitor potential earthquakes. The Richter Magnitude Scale is measured on the amplitude of earthquake waves measured on a seismograph. This is the most accurate measuring up to a 6.5 magnitude earthquake. 4. There are three main causes for tsunamis, seismic activity...
Words: 422 - Pages: 2
...Tectonics Press Release! | | Week3 Assignment Living in Southern California and near a major earthquake fault I have pondered and wondered why our plants shake and why our planet only shakes in specific elements of the United States. While exploring for the details to finish my report, I was also able to find out the solutions to my own individual queries. This report will reply these inquiries: How does our planet shift and when, what actives cause the Earth to shake, how are earthquakes calculated and what are the two kinds of body waves and earthquake generates. Reasons for Earthquakes; an earthquake is triggered if there’s an unpredicted and unexpected release of power inside the Earth’s crust, producing seismic waves. A burst in geological faults under the Earth’s surface may also trigger earthquakes. But, earthquakes may also be because of volcanic action, nuclear tests as well as landsides. A natural earthquake will occur inside the Plant’s surface where there is sufficient stored energy and hear that will trigger plates in order to relocate. So why does our planet move when these move, Our planets move since whenever the two plates or faults move they generally get tangled together when they move. The accumulated energy which moves the plates becomes saved and whenever the energy is ultimately released it triggers the planet earth in order to shake. Earthquakes are calculated with a seismometer which is also known as a seismograph. A seismometer calculates...
Words: 547 - Pages: 3
...VERBERNE at få OG at blive BETYDNING TERM at modtage to receive (a letter, an invitation, a present) at opnå to obtain (a goal) to win (a prize, recognition) to gain (importance) at udvikle over tid to acquire (a reputation, a skill) to develop (a taste) at tjene to earn (money) at føde et barn to give birth (to a baby) to bear (a child) at straffes to be given (a sentence) to be sentenced (to life imprisonment) to be punished (by one’s mother) at erhverve to buy (a dress) to come by/across (a painting) to pick up (good furniture) at spise/drikke to eat, to drink to have a bite to eat, to have a drink at få succes to succeed (in life) at få arbejde to find (work) at få fri to finish (work, school) at få lov to be allowed (to eat candy) to be permitted (to watch a movie) at få magt to attain power (over the rebellions) at få sin vilje to have one’s own way/head (in the end) to have one’s will (of a woman) Page 1 of 2 VERBERNE at få OG at blive at have at gøre med to deal with (a law firm) at få/have ondt to feel pain (in the stomach) at få fortalt/finde ud af to learn (about human anatomy) to know (the truth) to be told, informed (about the earth quake in China) to find out (about a friend’s infidelity) at fjerne to remove (all traces of a crime, nail polish) to take away/out (the spot, the trash) to eliminate (an enemy) at ægte to marry...
Words: 395 - Pages: 2
...Prof: Tanya Crail What’s a earthquake? According to the Geology Labs on-line website an earthquake is the sudden release of stored energy, caused by the shifting of tectonic plates. The energy release is a shock wave or seismic wave. The seismic wave is what causes the ground to move or shake, when this occurs we have a earthquake. According to the 2008 United States National Seismic Hazard Maps a lot of the west coast as far south as Hawaii, and north to Alaska has a lot of earthquake activity. The Pacific “Ring of Fire” (named for the large amount of active volcanoes), has a lot of tectonic activity. Tectonic plates are large plates of rock that make up the foundation of the Earth's crust and the shape of the continents. Question: What patterns do you see in the distribution of earthquakes across the continental United States? Answer: Earthquakes occur on fault lines, a location where tectonic plates have collided together and shifted or are sliding past each other. The size of the earthquake depends on how much slide or shift occurred. Most fault lines are located in costal areas, because of the continental and oceanic plates colliding together. Most of the United States earthquakes occurs on the west coast. California, and the entire west coast including Hawaii, and Alaska have the highest hazard rating at 64+, central locations of the United States like Texas, North and South Dakota seem to have the lowest risk of earthquakes, however Missouri, Illinois, Indiana...
Words: 1006 - Pages: 5
...been suspended since last April, because of concerns about foot and mouth disease, according to a spokesman for the United States Department of Agriculture. Poultry and egg imports are barred because the Agriculture Department has not determined that Japan has a sufficient inspection system for those products. Transportations services were shut down during this incident. People were trying to make their way out of this huge disaster but it was not successful. “I never experienced such a strong earthquake in my life,” said Toshiaki Takahashi, 49, an official at Sendai City Hall. “I thought it would stop, but it just kept shaking and shaking, and getting stronger.” This earthquake destroyed families property, disrupted their power, moved their homes, interrupted everyday interaction. When people are in real danger it is not that easy to get away. A lot of people in Japan went missing. The people that were present were being asked to relocate to higher grounds. Not only did this earthquake affect people in Japan, it also had some effects on some other people living in...
Words: 275 - Pages: 2
...Administration at the Athens University of Economics and Business. Tonight I will show you a presentation about Innovation in Japan after the earthquake and the tsunami of 2011. 1 More specifically the purpose of this presentation is to illustrate how some companies in Japan used innovation as both an effective marketing tool and a growth engine after the 11.03 disaster. 2 . Tonight we will first take a quick look at what happened in Japan that time, how this nation is looking to the future and then how 4 big Japanese companies responded innovatively as well as what this can mean for us as future business people. 3 Well, most of us were about to enter the university when we‘ve been looking at the images of the disaster coming from Japan. A nine magnitude earthquake followed by a devastating tsunami had as a result tons of debris, thousands of hectares of farmland devastated, a huge cost in direct material damage, a much more serious environmental disaster caused by the meltdown at Fukushima nuclear plant BUT the most shocking figures are the thousands of people that have been evacuated and most of all the nineteen thousands of people being killed by the tsunami. 4 Well, most of us were about to enter the university when we‘ve been looking at the images of the disaster coming from Japan. A nine magnitude earthquake followed by a devastating tsunami had as a result tons of debris, thousands of hectares of farmland devastated, a huge cost in direct material...
Words: 1168 - Pages: 5
...Lessons Learned A triple disaster occurred on March 11, 2011 in japan. On this date Japan suffered not only an earthquake but a resulting tsunami and nuclear disaster that caused extremely unsafe conditions for Japan’s citizens. On the day of March 11, 2011 an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 struck Tohoku with great aggression which lead to an enormous Tsunami that devastated large areas of japan. Not only did the earthquake cause massive destruction to the island, it also caused a nuclear disaster that we still don't realize the effects that it caused. As a result of this disaster, japan has learned some very valuable lessons. One lesson that japan learned is make use of cloud computing. After japan’s tsunami, most of their data stored on servers was destroyed due to water damage. From recent speculation japan decided to take advantage of cloud computing so that if another disaster were to occur they would still have access to their data from a different location in the world. Another lesson Japan learned was that natural disaster can be very overbearing and they should not be underestimated and should be taken with precautions, Sea walls are meant to decrease damage not fully protect you. If japan’s citizens knew this fact they could have taken further actions to protect themselves and their family and friends. In the future japan can learn from these mistakes and takes actions and precautions faster so that lives can be saved. Another lesson learned is that there...
Words: 479 - Pages: 2
...Is an Earthquake? Earthquakes are one of the many natural disasters, but one of the deadliest. In the past few centaury’s they have taken away the lives of millions of people. However earthquakes are a natural part of the earth “they happen”. An earthquake is a sudden release of energy from the movement of the earth’s surface. The roots of an earthquake lie in the lithosphere as it blows on the earth’s surface. There are many different types of earthquakes. They vary from seismic activity which is hardly detectable using scientific instruments, to devastating earthquakes which destroy anything that comes in its way. These earthquakes can also cause a tsunami and volcanic activity. But because of these earthquakes more than a million people die each year. The location inside where the earthquake starts is called the focus. Right above the focus is the epicenter. The strongest shake occurs at the epicenter. The solid ground is said to be stable but an earthquake can destroy the ground. [pic] |What Is an Earthquake? | |Earthquakes are one of the many natural disasters, but one of the deadliest. In the past few centaury’s | |they have taken away the lives of millions of people. However earthquakes are a natural part of the earth | |“they happen”. An earthquake is a sudden release of energy from the movement of the earth’s surface. The | |roots of an earthquake lie...
Words: 337 - Pages: 2
...Geology Earthquakes I chose to do my assignment on earthquakes, because I have been through many growing up in California, and I have always wondered about them. There are many types of earthquakes. The most common are tectonic, which my paper will be about. There are also volcanic, collapse and explosion earthquakes. All earthquakes create waves that travel through the Earth's interior. An earthquake is the sudden shifting of the earth's natural means of releasing stress. When the shifting occurs, it creates vibrations, called seismic waves. The speed of seismic waves depends on the elasticity of the materials through which they are traveling. Rocks have elastic properties. When forces are applied to rocks, such as pulling, pushing, twisting, or compression, they change their shape. Rocks like other materials with elastic properties have an elastic limit,any additional force will deform the object's shape. The elasticity of a material is controlled by its density and stiffness. There are three types of waves that are created when stress is released as energy in earthquakes. Primary waves or P-waves, is the fastest, and the first detected by seismographs. They are able to move through both liquid and solid rock. P-waves are like sound waves; they are compressed and expand matter as they move through it. Secondary waves or S-waves, are the waves directly following the P-waves, they are transverse waves. As they move, S-waves cut the rock they travel through sideways...
Words: 1250 - Pages: 5
...“Earthquake Danger in the Midwest” Kaplan University SC300-13 July 1, 2011 The United States Geological Society (2011) states “The world’s earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the earth’s surface, and tend to be concentrated in narrow zones”. This statement seems to hold true when it comes to the distribution of earthquakes in the United States as they happen primarily in those narrow fault zones. These fault zones are located in Alaska (Prince William Sound), on our West Coast ( San Andreas Fault), on our East Coast (Rambo Fault Line) and in the Midwest (New Madrid Fault) which all lying on the North American Tectonic Plate, a massive irregularly shaped slab of solid rock which is approximately 8000 kilometers or almost 5000 miles wide (Trefil and Hazen, 2011). Tectonic plates are in constant motion as they interact along their margins to form mountain belts, earthquakes and volcanoes. Plate size can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest. Living in Cincinnati, Ohio carries a relatively high risk of a major earthquake because it lies on the border of the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) and the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone (WVSZ) which have the most active geological areas in the eastern United States. The smaller of the two areas is the Wabash Valley area which lies in the Southeastern part of Illinois and Southwestern part of Indiana and came...
Words: 1484 - Pages: 6
